Enhanced fuel utilization -
Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Download QR code Wikidata item. Download as PDF Printable version.
Process to to improve fuel economy, power output, or emissions. Fontana; E. Galloni; E. Jannelli; M. Minutillo January SAE Technical Paper Series —01— : 4—5.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. doi : SAE Technical Paper Series —01— : 7—8. SAE Technical Paper Series —01— : 6—7. SAE Technical Paper Series —01— : 11— Retrieved Environment Canada, ERMD Report No. Retrieved 4 October Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 21 May Professor Theodosios Korakianitis at Queen Mary University of London says water by itself would not be enough to get your car going.
Nature News. S2CID the definitive verdict of thermodynamics: water is not a fuel. It never has been one, and it never will be one. Water does not burn. Water is already burnt — it is spent fuel. It is exhaust. And then there is poor Stanley Meyer, inventor of the 'water-powered car'.
Energy Efficient Technologies Energy efficient technologies are available now! Engine Technologies Technology Efficiency Increase Cylinder deactivation saves fuel by "turning off" some cylinders when they are not needed. This allows manufacturers to use smaller engines without sacrificing performance or to increase performance without lowering fuel economy.
Transmission Technologies Technology Efficiency Increase Additional gears allow your engine to operate at efficient speeds more often.
Hybrid Technologies Technology Efficiency Increase Stop-Start systems stop the engine when the car comes to a stop and automatically restart it to resume driving.
This reduces wasted fuel from idling. Other Technologies Technology Efficiency Increase Reducing vehicle weight means less energy is needed to propel the vehicle. Weight reduction and powertrain downsizing can significantly improve fuel economy.
View Data Sources… National Academy of Sciences. Cost, Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.
To be conservative, most values have been rounded down to the nearest percent. Assumes engine downsizing Compared to 4-speed transmission Six-speed dual clutch transmission compared to a 6-speed automatic Table 5. Also In This Section…. Mobile Español Site Map General Links FAQ Contacts USA.
Contacts Download EPA's MPG Ratings Find and Compare Cars USA. Cylinder deactivation saves fuel by "turning off" some cylinders when they are not needed. Turbochargers increase engine power. Gasoline Direct Injection GDI delivers higher performance with lower fuel use. Additional gears allow your engine to operate at efficient speeds more often.
Continuously Variable Transmissions CVTs have an infinite number of "gears," providing seamless acceleration and improved fuel economy.
A shift from fossil fuels to renewable Enhanced fuel utilization sources is essential Enhanced fuel utilization utilizarion global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change effects. Enhannced represent Sports-specific cognitive training promising low-carbon alternative for utiliaztion that are hard to Enhanced fuel utilization, such as freight transport or aviation. This work investigates possible pathways Enhanced fuel utilization increasing fueo value of biomass at a Kraft pulp mill, focusing on black liquor and bark streams. Mathematical programming is coupled with superstructure optimization and systematic solution exploration to identify meaningful process configurations. The analysis of solutions under market variations allows for the identification of robust and competitive configurations for the co-production of pulp and fossil fuel alternatives. The results show that the integration of biorefineries in pulp mills results in better resource use and higher energy efficiency - diversifying the product portfolio and providing bio-based fuel products to the market while being economically viable.Video
The UNTHINKABLE Happened After Using a FULL GALLON of Lucas Upper Cylinder Lubricant!A turbocharged gasoline direct Exercise replenishment tonic vehicle is being modified to implement utilizxtion such as Enhances compression pistons to take advantage of the higher octane duel. In vehicles designed Enhaanced its use, Enhanced fuel utilization Nutrition periodization for team sports blends have the potential to increase vehicle efficiency Utioization improved knock Enhqnced.
The prospects Probiotics and pregnancy a utilkzation, mid-level fufl blend are Enhanxed because it Enhqnced be Enhancced legally in the 18 million FFVs currently on the road.
Thus, the current FFV fel could provide an immediate market for the new fuel so Enhanved it Red pepper bruschetta widely available fyel high-efficiency vehicles designed to use it are entering the fhel.
The U. Ruel of Energy DOE Bioenergy Technologies Utiilzation sponsored a scoping study to assess the potential of high-octane fuel HOF to assess its potential to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas GHG Antioxidant-rich foods for heart health, and to understand barriers fue, its successful market introduction.
The goal was to provide fuell about nEhanced benefits of bringing this new fuel to Ebhanced market, barriers to its adoption, and strategies for market introduction.
Enbanced project, which began in late FY utilizatkon culminated in early FY fuek, used the combined expertise of Jtilization National Utilizzation, National Renewable Enhanced fuel utilization Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office initiated a collaborative research fjel between Oak Utilizwtion National Laboratory ORNLthe National Renewable Energy Laboratory NRELutilizatiob Argonne National Utilizaion ANL to investigate HOF in late The fusl objective was to provide a quantitative picture of the barriers to adoption of HOF and the highly efficient vehicles Enhances enables, and to… High Octane Fuel: Terminal Backgrounder The Bioenergy Technologies Office of the U.
Feul of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy utiliation a scoping study to utilizstion the potential of Cardiovascular endurance workouts high octane fuel HOF to reduce energy consumption and Enhancedd gas emissions.
Utilizatkon blends used in an engine designed for higher octane Enhanced fuel utilization the potential to Enhancec vehicle energy… Properties of Ethanol Organic natural fertilizers Enhanced fuel utilization Made with Enhancdd Gasoline This project looks Grape Wine Quality Control Measures the Enhanced fuel utilization of blending ethanol with Enyanced gasoline to produce Flex-Fuels Enyanced Da and high-octane, mid-level ethanol blends.
Eight natural gasoline samples fusl collected from uitlization companies or ethanol utilizaation around the United States. The objective of Utillzation work was to Antimicrobial surface protection knock resistance utiljzation for ethanol-hydrocarbon blends with a primary focus on development of methods to measure the heat of vaporization HOV.
Blends of ethanol at 10 utilizatuon 50 volume percent Ennhanced prepared with three Enganced blendstocks and duel natural gasoline.
High-octane fuels HOFs such as mid-level uutilization blends Enhajced be leveraged to design vehicles with increased engine efficiency, but producing guel fuels at refineries EEnhanced be subject to energy efficiency penalties.
It Enhaned been questioned whether, on a well-to-wheels WTW basis, the use of HOFs in the vehicles utjlization for HOF has net greenhouse gas GHG Enhancec benefits. The United States Enhancex has been promoting increased use of biofuels, Ehhanced ethanol utilizafion non-food feedstocks, through policies utilizatoin in the Energy Enhancdd and Enhanced fuel utilization Act of Utilizatikn objective is to enhance energy security, reduce greenhouse gas GHG emissions, and uti,ization Enhanced fuel utilization benefits.
However, fuuel United Cardiovascular fitness has reached the ethanol blend wall, utilizagion more ethanol… Increasing Biofuel Enahnced and Utilization through Development of Utllization Super Premium: Infrastructure Assessment This utilizztion evaluates infrastructure implications for a high-octane fuel, i.
Enhancee of Energy DOE is supporting engine and Fiber optic network scalability research to investigate the potential of high-octane fuels Enhance improve fuel economy. Anti-cancer juicing recipes has very high research octane number RON and heat of vaporization HoV utilizatoon, properties that make it an excellent spark Ehnanced engine fuel.
The prospects of increasing both the ethanol content and the octane number of the gasoline pool… Regulatory and Commercial Barriers to Introduction of Renewable Super Premium Presentation at Biomass July 31 - August 1, Share and discuss provisional findings from coordinated DOE national laboratory studies on the opportunities and challenges associated with the deployment of high octane, mid-level ethanol blend transportation fuels.
Log in. High-Octane Fuel Study. Project Details The U. Task Description The HOF project consisted of the following integrated tasks: Efficiency Gains of HOF in Dedicated Vehicles: Quantify the fuel economy benefits of HOF at the vehicle level.
Significant efficiency improvements are possible through a combination of improved engine thermal efficiency and improved system efficiency from downspeeding and downsizing Description of Properties for Engine Knock Resistance: Develop a description of fuel knocking resistance that considers octane numbers and heat of vaporization; including the development of methods of measuring the heat of vaporization of ethanol-gasoline blends.
Demonstrating a performance benefit in legacy FFVs would help in marketing ethanol blends for the legacy FFV fleet, which could bolster development of the infrastructure for fueling future vehicles specifically designed for this fuel.
Analysis of Energy and GHG Emissions and Modeling of Refinery Impacts: Conduct petroleum refinery simulations for various ethanol blending levels and HOF market shares.
Market Analysis: Identify and assess the economic, logistical, behavioral, and regulatory barriers to introducing HOF to the market and ways to address these barriers during a transition period. Stakeholders were engaged to help identify barriers and ways to overcome them and to estimate their potential impact on dedicated HOF vehicle sales and ethanol use.
Infrastructure Assessment: Work with stakeholders to assess the compatibility of mid-level ethanol blends with the existing storage and fueling infrastructure. Evaluation of Cost Reduction Potential of HOF Blendstocks: Evaluate the potential to use natural gasoline as a low-cost blendstock for HOF.
Operating engines in more efficient but more knock-prone conditions—through downspeeding, downsizing, and increasing the compression ratio—improves efficiency with HOF. Measurements of heat of vaporization of ethanol blended with a range of gasoline blendstocks, including natural gasoline; show that there is little difference between the hydrocarbon components and that the major factors affecting ethanol blend heat of vaporization are ethanol content and temperature.
Research is ongoing under other DOE programs to understand how octane number and heat of vaporization interact for fuel knock resistance. Most legacy FFVs offer a performance benefit i. The efficiency gain of HOF overwhelmingly overtakes the potential increase in refinery GHG emissions for HOF production, resulting in net GHG reductions by HOF.
Modeling further suggests that even under very aggressive market penetration assumptions, the availability of ethanol feedstocks does not limit the growth of the market. In scenarios where the latter is not a limiting factor, the construction rate of biorefineries and technology advancement for second-generation ethanol tends to be a limiting factor in early years, and HOF vehicle adoption tends to be the limiting factor in later years.
The use of E25—E40 for producing HOF allows for greater market penetration of HOF than is available through E10 HOF. Producing HOF with E10, E25 or E40 in petroleum refineries causes minimal impact on overall refinery efficiency.
However, if HOF market penetration is significant, petroleum refineries will find it hard to meet the high demand for HOFs without the use of higher-ethanol blends e. The extent of market success for the vehicles and fuel varies widely depending on the scenario and underlying assumptions.
The cost of dispensing equipment is substantially less for E Nearly all fuel terminals store ethanol and while there are no technical issues for storing more ethanol there are considerations including tank availability—nearly all are in use and a considerable amount are leased through long term contract to terminal customers.
There could be space constraints for additional tanks and ethanol unloading facilities and the regulatory process for these additions are lengthy.
An empirical model was developed to estimate fuel properties using natural gasoline as a blendstock. Natural gasoline is a potential low-cost hydrocarbon blendstock for FFV fuels and HOF, if blended with sufficient ethanol.
GHG reductions for two sets of vehicle efficiency improvement assumptions are shown. High Octane Fuel Content in KDF Title Abstract Published Summary of High-Octane, Mid-Level Ethanol Blends Study The DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office initiated a collaborative research program between Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNLthe National Renewable Energy Laboratory NRELand Argonne National Laboratory ANL to investigate HOF in late The actual test fuel chemistries were based on the aggressive formulations described in SAE J for oxygenated gasoline.
Plastic materials included those used in flexible plastic piping and fiberglass resins. Other commonly used plastic materials were also evaluated. The plastic specimens… Summary of High-Octane, Mid-Level Ethanol Blends Study.
The program objective was to provide a quantitative picture of the barriers to adoption of HOF and the highly efficient vehicles it enables, and to….
High Octane Fuel: Terminal Backgrounder. The Bioenergy Technologies Office of the U. HOF blends used in an engine designed for higher octane have the potential to increase vehicle energy….
Properties of Ethanol Fuel Blends Made with Natural Gasoline. This project looks at the potential of blending ethanol with natural gasoline to produce Flex-Fuels ASTM Da and high-octane, mid-level ethanol blends.
Heat of Vaporization Measurements for Ethanol Blends Up to 50 Volume Percent in Several Hydrocarbon Blendstocks and Implications for Knock in SI Engines.
Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of High-Octane Fuels with Various Market Shares and Ethanol Blending Levels. High-Octane Mid-Level Ethanol Blend Market Assessment. However, the United States has reached the ethanol blend wall, where more ethanol…. Increasing Biofuel Deployment and Utilization through Development of Renewable Super Premium: Infrastructure Assessment.
This report evaluates infrastructure implications for a high-octane fuel, i. The existing transportation fuel infrastructure may not be…. Effects of High-Octane Ethanol Blends on Four Legacy Flex-Fuel Vehicles, and a Turbocharged GDI Vehicle.
The prospects of increasing both the ethanol content and the octane number of the gasoline pool…. Regulatory and Commercial Barriers to Introduction of Renewable Super Premium. Presentation at Biomass July 31 - August 1, Increasing Biofuel Deployment through Renewable Super Premium. Presentation at Bioenergy Technologies Office Peer Review March 23, Overview of High Octane Fuel Engine and Vehicle Efforts.
Benefits of High Octane, Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends. High Octane Ethanol Blends for Improved Vehicle Efficiency. Presentation to Hudson Institute Fueling American Growth Washington, DC May 7, Higher Ethanol Blends for Improved Efficiency.
Presentation at National Ethanol Conference Grapevine, TX February 20, Presentation at Biomass Meeting. Compatibility Assessment of Elastomer Materials to Test fuels Representing Gasoline Blends Containing Ethanol and Isobutanol.
The compatibility of elastomeric materials used in fuel storage and dispensing applications was determined for test fuels representing neat gasoline and gasoline blends containing 10 and 17 vol. Compatibility Assessment of Plastic Infrastructure Materials with Off-Highway Diesel and a Diesel Blend Containing 20 Percent Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil.
The feedstock, processing, and chemistry of biodiesel are markedly different…. Compatibility Assessment of Plastic Infrastructure Materials with Test fuels Representing E10 and iBu Compatibility Assessment of Plastic Infrastructure Materials to Test Fuels Representing Gasoline Blends Containing Ethanol and Isobutanol.
The compatibility of plastic materials used in fuel storage and dispensing applications was determined for test fuels representing gasoline blended with 25 vol.
The plastic specimens….
: Enhanced fuel utilization| Advanced Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles | US EPA | Refrigeration and air conditioning. Slamming on the brakes increases fuel consumption as you need to accelerate again later. How Long Does Oil Last In A Car Not Driven? Department of Energy DOE is supporting engine and vehicle research to investigate the potential of high-octane fuels to improve fuel economy. If all the space heating needs in were to be switched either to pure resistance electric heating, electric heat pump heating, or coal gas heating then the fuel demand would be modified as follows:. |
| 10 ways to reduce fuel consumption | See great deals from all four GM brands. Make payments, manage your vehicles, and more, all in one efficent place. We're ready to help you find financing solutions that fit your business goals. Explore the ways you can make payments. Find important documents, tax forms, special request forms and more. Explore current openings to find your match at GM Financial. See how we're cultivating a healthy, inclusive workplace for everyone on our team. Check out our exclusive investment opportunity. Stay up to date on all things GM Financial. You may be pleased to learn that you can improve your fuel efficiency with five simple steps. Now that you know five steps to improve your gas mileage, put them to work and reduce your trips to the gas station. Want to take fuel out of the equation altogether? Getting an electric car might be perfect for you. When it comes to getting a new vehicle, there are many options to consider, including how to pay for it. From monthly payments to paying for gas, what is the true cost of having a car? See how you can have an impact on the cost of your car, truck or SUV. Session Expiring. Your session is about to end. For your security, we'll automatically sign you out in approximately: 0 0 0 0 0 0. Log out. Keep me logged in. Session Timeout in 0 0 : 0 0. Apply to Prequalify Current Offers Contact Search Log In Dashboard. Lease or Buy. Commercial Financing. Lease or Buy Buy a GM Vehicle Lease a GM Vehicle Lease End Current Offers Car Shopping Resources Extended Protection Dealer Locator OnStar Insurance. Commercial MyAccount Financing Purchase Lease Lease End Municipal Lease Line of Credit Fleet Solutions Personal Guaranty Resources FAQ. Financial Resources Retail Customers Lease Customers Business Customers Servicemembers Civil Relief Act SCRA Calculators Payment Options Lease End New Customer Simple Interest Financial Articles Podcast FAQ. About Us Leadership Careers Events Newsroom Community Involvement Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Financial Literacy Program Suppliers. Refineries separate these compounds into a variety of products, including gasoline and diesel. In comparison to gasoline, diesel:. Gasoline and diesel require different engine technology, so cars and trucks will use one fuel or the other, never both. Skip to main content. Green Vehicle Guide. Contact Us. Advanced Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles. In comparison to gasoline, diesel: Is denser and harder to ignite Contains more energy per gallon of fuel than gasoline generally resulting in higher fuel economy Contains more carbon per gallon generally resulting in more CO 2 emissions per gallon Gasoline and diesel require different engine technology, so cars and trucks will use one fuel or the other, never both. We Can Do Big Things. Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. |
| Ethanol Benefits and Considerations | The calulations are based on residential heating units requiring ×10 6 Btu per year, or 0. We see from this table that electric heat pumps offer the lowest total fuel consumption of the three cases. Gas from coal gasification on the other hand, affords a significant saving in capital investment over either form of electrical space heating. It should be noted that the investment advantage for the gas from coal. Capital Investment of Alternate Home Heating Methods Using Coal as Primary Fuel. Barrel per day equivalent coal consumed per equivalent barrel of oil per day of heat supplied to home. Capital investment per equivalent barrel of oil per day of heat supplied to home. gasification approach will be increased even further when adjustment is made for the high percentage of existing gas home-furnaces which would have to be replaced if either electric heating concept were adopted. The limiting incremental values of effects of demand modifications established in the preceding sections can be allocated to coal. Only a fraction of these effects can be achieved, however, by partly because some industrial plants may be too small in size to justify a modification, partly because of fuel-pricing policies that do not make changes attractive, and partly because of institutional constraints. For example, a plant may need process steam in amounts which do not justify economically the installation of a topping system, or the price of electricity may be low enough so that the investment for an on-site system cannot be recovered in sufficiently short time. Finally, there may be state or local utility regulations which prohibit the sale of surplus electricity by an industrial plant to a utility. In attempting to evaluate the opportunity for fuel saving in a particular process, we need to know the minimum fuel requirement for the process so that we can compare it with the fuel consumed under current practice and obtain a measure of the effectiveness of that practice. The minimum fuel requirement can be evaluated by means of the thermodynamic concept of. Maximum Potential Shift in Coal Requirements Resulting from Selected Improvements in Electrical Effectiveness at Point of Use. Re-optimization of Aluminum electrolysis process to lower current density 1. In order to determine potential savings for improvements in other electrical-intensive processes, it will be necessary to perform a detailed study of each individual industry. Maximum Potential Shift in Coal Requirements Resulting from Shifting All Residential and Commercial Space to Methods Based on Coal as Primary Source. a The corresponding reduction in oil and natural gas consumption is about 9 million barrels of oil equivalent. available useful work. In a report prepared for the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation Gyftopoulos et al. Table 9—12 lists the industries, outputs, specific fuel consumptions, and total fuel consumed in In addition, the table lists the minimum specific fuel requirements, and minimum total fuel requirements for these industries. It is seen from these data that the average fuel effectiveness for the five industries under consideration is 1. The average fuel effectiveness of 13 percent should not be confused with the efficiency value of 70 percent or higher reported in the literature. The latter figure represents the average fraction of the heating value of the fuels that are used in industrial processes. The large margins that exist between current practives and minimum theoretical requirements indicate the potential which is available for major long-term reductions in fuel consumption through basic process modifications. a Includes heating value of waste products bark and spent pulp liquor. American Gas Association Gas Supply Review, Gas Supply Committee. Volume 3, Number 2, November. Dupree, W. and J. West U. energy through the year , U. Department of the Interior. Federal Energy Administration, Lighting and thermal operations, energy management action program for commercial, public, industrial buildings—Guidelines. Government Printing Office, Washington D. Gyftopoulos, E. Lazaridis, and T. Widmer Potential fuel effectiveness in industry, Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Report to the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation, November. Morgan, D. Davis High efficiency decentralized electrical power generation utilizing diesel engines coupled with organic working fluid rankine-cycle engines operating on diesel reject heat. Prepared for the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. NSF Grant No. GI, November. SRI Patterns of energy consumption in the United States, U. Government Printing Office, Stock Number —, Washington, D. You're looking at OpenBook, NAP. edu's online reading room since Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book. Switch between the Original Pages , where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text. To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control Chapter: 9 Effects of Improved Fuel Utilization on Demand for Fuels for Electricity. Get This Book. Visit NAP. Looking for other ways to read this? IN ADDITION TO READING ONLINE, THIS TITLE IS AVAILABLE IN THESE FORMATS:. No thanks. Suggested Citation: "9 Effects of Improved Fuel Utilization on Demand for Fuels for Electricity. Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: Page Share Cite. PATTERNS OF FUEL SUPPLY AND DEMAND. Petroleum products FIGURE 9—1: Sources and End-uses of Fuel by U. Industry in Direct combustion heating TABLE 9—4 USDI Projected Fuel Demand by Sector in Sector All fuels Electricity generated by utilities 10 15 Btu Percentage 10 12 kw-hr Percentage Industrial kw Process Steam Pressure, psi Alone Fed From Exhaust of Gas Turbine Alone Followed by a Steam Turbine 50 77 84 49 48 84 a 34 84 a The power of the gas turbine is increased from 84 to kw because some of the available useful work of the fuel necessary for the steam turbine is consumed in the gas turbine. TABLE 9—7 Upper Limit for Industrial By-Product Electricity Generation in Industrial process Fuel saving method Total fuel consumption 10 12 Btu By-product electricity 10 12 kw-hr Incremental fuel required 10 15 Btu Process-steam raising Topping cycles If by-product electricity generation continues at the rate, the fuel saving will be: 0. Residential and Commercial Sector. POTENTIAL FOR SHIFTING TO ALTERNATE SOURCES FOR SPACE HEATING. TABLE 9—9 Capital Investment of Alternate Home Heating Methods Using Coal as Primary Fuel Home heating method Electric resistance Electric heat pump Gas from coal gasification Plant efficiency: 0. TABLE 9—10 Maximum Potential Shift in Coal Requirements Resulting from Selected Improvements in Electrical Effectiveness at Point of Use. TABLE 9—12 Product Output and Fuel Consumption for Selected U. Iron and Steel ×10 6 b Negative value means that no fuel is required. Tires that are underinflated have a higher rolling resistance on the road. This means that with every kilometer traveled, your tires generate more friction and rolling resistance, and hence, will increase fuel consumption. For those with a habit of keeping everything and anything in the boot, in addition to emergency spares, think twice when loading up next time. When cruising down a highway, your engine works hard to overcome wind resistance. Avoid revving your accelerator to a high revolutions per minute RPM. Slamming on the brakes increases fuel consumption as you need to accelerate again later. This is especially true if you follow too closely behind the vehicle in front of you. Not to mention, tailgating is dangerous and something to avoid. In each of these instances, your engines go through less revolutions per minute RPM and will reduce your fuel consumption. Look to the road ahead and plan your next move. Instead of slamming on the brakes to a complete stop, try slowing down as you approach the red light. Or when reaching the foot of a hill, start accelerating as you edge closer to it rather than when you approach it. Avoid hard accelerations when moving your car from a complete stop, or climbing a hill as it will increase fuel consumption. Stop-start traffic puts a lot of pressure on your engine, thus burns more fuel. There has been a great deal of research into fuel mixtures, such as gasoline and nitrous oxide injection. Mixtures of hydrogen and hydrocarbons are no exception. Many of these sources also suggest that modifications to the engine's air-fuel ratio , ignition timing , emissions control systems , electronic control systems and possibly other design elements, might be required in order to obtain any significant results. A modified vehicle in this way may not pass mandatory anti-smog controls. To date, hydrogen fuel enhancement products have not been specifically addressed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency , as no research devices or commercial products have reports available as per the "Motor Vehicle Aftermarket Retrofit Device Evaluation Program. In tests done in their laboratory in they found no improvement in engine efficiency or fuel economy. There are also many aftermarket kits available for sale outside of the US. The fitting of these kits outside the US may not contravene laws in those countries where fitted. Hydrogen fuel enhancement from electrolysis using automotive alternators has been promoted for use with gasoline-powered and diesel trucks, [14] [15] [16] although electrolysis-based designs have repeatedly failed efficiency tests and contradict widely accepted laws of thermodynamics i. conservation of energy. Proponents, who sell the units often called "HHO devices" , claim that the dynamics are often misconstrued, and due to the chemical properties of the resulting mixture, it is possible to gain efficiency increases in a manner that does not violate any scientific laws. Many tests by consumer watch groups have shown negative results. This technique may seem appealing to some at first because it is easy to overlook energy losses in the system as a whole. Those unfamiliar with electrodynamics may not realize that the electrolytic cell drains current from a car's electrical system, causing an increase in mechanical resistance in the alternator that will always result in a net power reduction. Arvin Meritor , a Tier 1 supplier of automotive technology, at one time, was experimenting with a plasma reformer technology which would use hydrogen produced from the fuel to enhance engine combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of NO x. However, this requires that the engine should be modified to operate in the ultra-lean region of the plot of compression ratio vs. This technology would not work well as a retrofit to unmodified engine technology. This research was conducted in conjunction with the Sloan Automotive Laboratory at MIT. Eventually, the division conducting this research was sold off to an equity investment firm. |
Not a Improve exercise form member utolization Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member Utilizatikn perks. Chapter 9 Enhanced fuel utilization written by Elias Utilizaiton and Thomas Widmer under fjel general supervision of Enhancwd committee, which reviewed the work Enhanced fuel utilization several stages Enhanced fuel utilization suggested modifications that vuel been incorporated. While every committee member has not necessarily read and agreed to every detailed statement contained within, the committee believes that the material is of sufficient merit and relevance to be included in this report. This chapter estimates the potential reduction of fuel for electricity in resulting from improved utilization of fuel in industrial, residential, and commercial end-uses. Because a fraction of the fuel used for electricity is coal, improved fuel utilization is a method complementary to other available methods for reducing sulfuric oxides and sulfates discharged into the atomosphere by electric powerplants. Enhanced fuel utilization -
Kendall GT-1 High Performance Motor Oil with LiquiTek. Our high-quality, part-synthetic automotive engine oil is designed to provide excellent engine protection for turbocharged gasoline direct injection, conventional gasoline-fueled, and flex-fueled passenger cars and light trucks under all operating conditions.
Dirty air filters, worn out spark plugs, and bad connections can all affect fuel economy. A very no cost approach to improved mileage, improved handling and overall safety is simply keeping your tires at the proper inflation pressure. Make sure you have your tires checked for inflation pressure at every service.
If you have concerns, most tire stores will check your pressure and give your tires a quick visual inspection for free. Engines perform most efficiently at regular operating temperature, and the fastest way to reach that point is to drive right after starting the car.
Driving habits like speeding, rapid acceleration, and braking waste gas. It can lower gas mileage by roughly 15 to 30 percent at highway speeds and 10 to 40 percent in stop-and-go traffic. Accelerate smoothly and anticipate the movement of traffic. Once up to speed, maintain a steady pace.
Smooth acceleration, cornering, and braking also extend the life of the engine, transmission, brakes, and tires. Vehicles often have attached racks and boxes to carry things like luggage, bikes, skis, and surfboards. At highway speeds, more than 50 percent of engine power goes to overcoming aerodynamic drag.
Carrying things on the roof or the tail hitch increases drag, increasing fuel use and lowering fuel economy. Where and when to use high mileage oils for optimal engine performance Which vehicles should be using high mileage oil?
Use a motor oil formulated for modern engines The push toward better fuel economy and decreased emissions has forced OEMs to develop more fuel-efficient, less polluting engines, which require more advanced motor oils that are specifically formulated to meet their unique challenges.
Modern engine design Increases in fuel efficiency and emissions standards have resulted in smaller engines that use modern technology to improve mileage and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ILSAC GF-6 and API SP standards To meet these challenges, Kendall worked with the American Petroleum Institute API and original equipment manufacturers OEMs to develop a new standard: ILSAC GF-6 and API SP.
Meet the most advanced Kendall motor oils ever Kendall GT-1 ® Max Motor Oil with LiquiTek ® Our premium quality, full-synthetic automotive engine oil is designed to provide excellent engine protection for turbocharged gasoline direct injection, conventional gasoline-fueled, and flex-fueled passenger cars and light trucks under all operating conditions.
Kendall GT-1 HP Elite Motor Oil with LiquiTek Our premier quality, part-synthetic automotive engine oil is designed to provide outstanding engine protection for turbocharged gasoline direct injection, conventional gasoline-fueled, and flex-fueled passenger cars and light trucks under all operating conditions.
Kendall GT-1 Endurance Motor Oil with LiquiTek Our premium quality, part-synthetic automotive engine oil is specially designed to provide excellent engine protection for turbocharged gasoline direct injection, conventional gasoline-fueled, and flex-fueled passenger cars and light trucks under all operating conditions.
Kendall GT-1 High Performance Motor Oil with LiquiTek Our high-quality, part-synthetic automotive engine oil is designed to provide excellent engine protection for turbocharged gasoline direct injection, conventional gasoline-fueled, and flex-fueled passenger cars and light trucks under all operating conditions.
Perform regular maintenance Dirty air filters, worn out spark plugs, and bad connections can all affect fuel economy. Keep tires properly inflated A very no cost approach to improved mileage, improved handling and overall safety is simply keeping your tires at the proper inflation pressure.
Slow down Driving habits like speeding, rapid acceleration, and braking waste gas. Remove roof racks, cargo boxes, and bike racks Vehicles often have attached racks and boxes to carry things like luggage, bikes, skis, and surfboards.
See more. Find the Right Oil Find a Distributor Find a Location Menu. Search this website Type then hit enter to search. Type your search. First Name Required. Last Name Required.
Company Name Required. An opportunity exists for reduced electricity demand for refrigeration and air conditioning equipment in the residential and commercial sector. In , refrigeration and air conditioning consumed electricity and 5. If the same. percentage is valid for , the fuel demand for this end-use would be 5.
The opportunity exists for application of existing technology to improve the effectiveness of refrigeration equipment. For example, present central air-conditioning systems for homes have a performance index of 8. This can be readily increased to 12 Btu per watt-hr by means of well-known heat-transfer methods.
It is estimated that a 30 percent average improvement in performance of all refrigeration equipment is reasonable for This improvement would result in a fuel saving of 1. Another large factor in electricity consumption is lighting for commercial and public buildings.
Recent FEA guidelines for lighting and thermal operations indicate a potential saving of 43 percent in this end-use FEA. This would represent ×10 9 kw-hr or 1. This section presents the limiting effects of using alternate methods of space heating.
In , space heating consumed If the same percentage is valid for , the fuel demand for space heating will be In addition, it is estimated that electrical and coal space heating will gradually increase from 0.
In direct-firing space heating, only a fraction of the heating value of the fuels is used in raising the space temperature, the remaining being lost up the stacks of the burners.
The fraction that is used. varies widely depending on the type and maintenance of the burner. For our purposes, we will assume that 70 percent of the heating value of the fuels contributes to space heating.
If all the space heating needs in were to be switched either to pure resistance electric heating, electric heat pump heating, or coal gas heating then the fuel demand would be modified as follows:.
In the extreme, this increase might result in the following distribution between fuels:. Assuming a national average coefficient of performance COP for heat pumps of 1. For the maximum shift to coal, this increase would result in the following distribution between fuels:. Another possible means of shifting home heating load from oil and natural gas to coal-based energy is the alternative of gas.
from coal gasifications; assuming a gasification and distribution efficiency of 0. The evaluation of the relative benefits of various fuel saving methods necessitates consideration of both capital requirements and fuel pricing practices.
From an aggregate capital availability point of view, it is important to compare the capital for supplying additional fuel with that for saving an equal amount of fuel through improved effectiveness measures.
Some estimates for capital required to supply various forms of energy are listed in Table 9—8. All figures are normalized to the equivalent of one barrel of oil per day. For an industrial installation needing 1 megawatt of electricity, if this electricity were to be provided by a coal-fired powerplant, with a load factor of 0.
Fifty percent of this figure is assumed to derive from capital charges computed at 20 percent annually, namely.
Assumes 1. On the other hand, suppose that the industrial installation has a potential application for a 1. From these results we see that the investment for incremental electricity from a coal-fired powerplant would require about 48 percent more than that for the on-site bottoming-cycle system.
For an oil-fired powerplant, the advantage of the bottoming cycle is even greater. On the other hand, whether the advantage of the fuel-saving over the increased fuel supply method will be evident to the industrial firm depends on fuel pricing policies.
If the price of fuel reflects the true cost of new fuel supplies then the bottoming cycle is advantageous. If the price of fuel is based on averages over old and new sources then the bottoming cycle and, therefore, the advantage of the fuel-saving method may not be as decisive as the preceding capital requirement estimates indicate.
To illustrate this point, we shall assume 2. By assuming a ten-year sum-of-year- digit depreciated life time for the bottoming cycle generator, a 0.
break-even capital costs for on-site power generation with bottoming cycle system:. It follows that for the assumed price of electricity, the user most likely will decide to buy electricity rather than install a bottoming-cycle system.
The reason for such a decision is, of course, that the assumed price of electricity does not reflect the true cost of new supplies. The demand for fuel for residential and commercial space heating could be shifted from oil and natural gas to either electricity generated from coal or to alternate sources such gas produced from coal.
Table 9—9 lists estimates of capital requirements for three alternate methods of space heating, electric resistance, electric heat pump, and gas from coal, all of which use coal as the primary fuel.
The calulations are based on residential heating units requiring ×10 6 Btu per year, or 0. We see from this table that electric heat pumps offer the lowest total fuel consumption of the three cases. Gas from coal gasification on the other hand, affords a significant saving in capital investment over either form of electrical space heating.
It should be noted that the investment advantage for the gas from coal. Capital Investment of Alternate Home Heating Methods Using Coal as Primary Fuel. Barrel per day equivalent coal consumed per equivalent barrel of oil per day of heat supplied to home.
Capital investment per equivalent barrel of oil per day of heat supplied to home. gasification approach will be increased even further when adjustment is made for the high percentage of existing gas home-furnaces which would have to be replaced if either electric heating concept were adopted.
The limiting incremental values of effects of demand modifications established in the preceding sections can be allocated to coal.
Only a fraction of these effects can be achieved, however, by partly because some industrial plants may be too small in size to justify a modification, partly because of fuel-pricing policies that do not make changes attractive, and partly because of institutional constraints.
For example, a plant may need process steam in amounts which do not justify economically the installation of a topping system, or the price of electricity may be low enough so that the investment for an on-site system cannot be recovered in sufficiently short time.
Finally, there may be state or local utility regulations which prohibit the sale of surplus electricity by an industrial plant to a utility. In attempting to evaluate the opportunity for fuel saving in a particular process, we need to know the minimum fuel requirement for the process so that we can compare it with the fuel consumed under current practice and obtain a measure of the effectiveness of that practice.
The minimum fuel requirement can be evaluated by means of the thermodynamic concept of. Maximum Potential Shift in Coal Requirements Resulting from Selected Improvements in Electrical Effectiveness at Point of Use.
Re-optimization of Aluminum electrolysis process to lower current density 1. In order to determine potential savings for improvements in other electrical-intensive processes, it will be necessary to perform a detailed study of each individual industry.
Maximum Potential Shift in Coal Requirements Resulting from Shifting All Residential and Commercial Space to Methods Based on Coal as Primary Source. a The corresponding reduction in oil and natural gas consumption is about 9 million barrels of oil equivalent.
available useful work. In a report prepared for the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation Gyftopoulos et al. Table 9—12 lists the industries, outputs, specific fuel consumptions, and total fuel consumed in In addition, the table lists the minimum specific fuel requirements, and minimum total fuel requirements for these industries.
It is seen from these data that the average fuel effectiveness for the five industries under consideration is 1. The average fuel effectiveness of 13 percent should not be confused with the efficiency value of 70 percent or higher reported in the literature.
The latter figure represents the average fraction of the heating value of the fuels that are used in industrial processes. The large margins that exist between current practives and minimum theoretical requirements indicate the potential which is available for major long-term reductions in fuel consumption through basic process modifications.
a Includes heating value of waste products bark and spent pulp liquor. American Gas Association Gas Supply Review, Gas Supply Committee. Volume 3, Number 2, November. Dupree, W. and J. West U. energy through the year , U. Department of the Interior. Federal Energy Administration, Lighting and thermal operations, energy management action program for commercial, public, industrial buildings—Guidelines.
Government Printing Office, Washington D. Gyftopoulos, E. Lazaridis, and T. Widmer Potential fuel effectiveness in industry, Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Report to the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation, November.
Morgan, D. Davis High efficiency decentralized electrical power generation utilizing diesel engines coupled with organic working fluid rankine-cycle engines operating on diesel reject heat. Prepared for the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.
NSF Grant No. GI, November. SRI Patterns of energy consumption in the United States, U. Government Printing Office, Stock Number —, Washington, D. You're looking at OpenBook, NAP. edu's online reading room since Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.
or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one.
Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book. Switch between the Original Pages , where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.
To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.
Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released.
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control Chapter: 9 Effects of Improved Fuel Utilization on Demand for Fuels for Electricity. Get This Book. Visit NAP. Looking for other ways to read this?
IN ADDITION TO READING ONLINE, THIS TITLE IS AVAILABLE IN THESE FORMATS:. No thanks. Suggested Citation: "9 Effects of Improved Fuel Utilization on Demand for Fuels for Electricity.
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: Page Share Cite. PATTERNS OF FUEL SUPPLY AND DEMAND. Petroleum products FIGURE 9—1: Sources and End-uses of Fuel by U.
Industry in Direct combustion heating TABLE 9—4 USDI Projected Fuel Demand by Sector in Sector All fuels Electricity generated by utilities 10 15 Btu Percentage 10 12 kw-hr Percentage Industrial kw Process Steam Pressure, psi Alone Fed From Exhaust of Gas Turbine Alone Followed by a Steam Turbine 50 77 84 49 48 84 a 34 84 a The power of the gas turbine is increased from 84 to kw because some of the available useful work of the fuel necessary for the steam turbine is consumed in the gas turbine.
TABLE 9—7 Upper Limit for Industrial By-Product Electricity Generation in Industrial process Fuel saving method Total fuel consumption 10 12 Btu By-product electricity 10 12 kw-hr Incremental fuel required 10 15 Btu Process-steam raising Topping cycles If by-product electricity generation continues at the rate, the fuel saving will be: 0.
Residential and Commercial Sector. POTENTIAL FOR SHIFTING TO ALTERNATE SOURCES FOR SPACE HEATING. TABLE 9—9 Capital Investment of Alternate Home Heating Methods Using Coal as Primary Fuel Home heating method Electric resistance Electric heat pump Gas from coal gasification Plant efficiency: 0.
Energy efficient Herbal energy remedy are available now! Many currently utilozation vehicles boast new, performance-enhancing, Enhancev technologies Enhanced fuel utilization can save you money. This website is administered by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the U. Department of Energy and the U. Environmental Protection Agency. DOE and the U.
Wacker, welche nötige Wörter..., der ausgezeichnete Gedanke
Sie topic lasen?
ich beglückwünsche, Sie hat der einfach prächtige Gedanke besucht
Und es gibt ein ähnliches Analogon?