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Should you take probiotics when pregnant?Probiotics and pregnancy -
The gut microbiota is also disrupted in these individuals, consistent with observations that report an altered gut microbiota composition in obese versus lean individuals see here , and the effects on offspring here and here. This suggests that obese mothers may have an increased risk of adverse events, but still the evidence supports that the addition of certain strains of probiotics may exacerbate this risk.
Furthermore, it is relevant to mention the accumulating data showing that during gestation in parallel to the physiological, immune and metabolic adaptations, gut microbiota changes over the pregnancy see here , here , here and here although little is known on the impact of pre-gestational BMI on gut microbiota changes during pregnancy.
However, specific microbial shifts have been reported to be predictive of GDM and also, gut microbial differences in women with and without GDM have been reported here and here. It has been also reported that the gut microbiota shifts in composition and activity metabolites in women with preeclampsia see here.
Thus, it is quite possible that the women in these studies, obese women, react to gut-microbiota-related interventions differently than non-obese women and that their pre-pregnancy weight puts them at an increased risk of complications.
It is worth noting that the total number of cases cited in the Cochrane review supporting their conclusion was 31 cases of preeclampsia in women who took probiotics versus 17 in women in the placebo groups. By combining four studies, in which none found a significant increase in preeclampsia, the authors did find significance.
Is this a convincing number of subjects? The Cochrane author, Dr. This is a strong statement but is consistent with their high-certainty of evidence statement.
We acknowledge that something does appear to be going on. It is possible that certain populations react differentially to certain strains. Thus, maybe mild to morbidly obese women are a subgroup that needs closer monitoring during pregnancy and maybe even in non-pregnant settings, as they may react differently to probiotic interventions.
Pregnancy is also a continuum and to think that giving an intervention during the first trimester is the same as during the third makes little scientific or clinical sense.
Along these lines, one study showed the association of probiotic intake with different effects in early versus late pregnancy; an analysis that specifically focused on women in the third trimester of pregnancy found no association between probiotics and adverse fetal outcomes.
In summary, we must recognize that certain strains of probiotics may cause harm in certain populations. This reinforces the importance of diligent collection of adverse event data during all clinical trials. This seems overstated based on our review of the literature.
Should women and clinicians pay particular attention to this subgroup obese pregnant women and this outcome preeclampsia, hypertension?
We think the answer is yes. But we do not conclude that all women at all stages of pregnancy need to refrain from probiotics. Fortunately, at the time of writing there appear to be 87 trials listed on clinicaltrials.
gov looking at probiotics and pregnancy. As in many things the details still need to be further elucidated and we expect more clarification on this issue over the next years. Administrative Address River Park Drive Sacramento, CA USA.
Email : info null isappscience. All website photos copyright, ISAPP. More information here. View our privacy policy here. Last Name. First Name. The example of pregnancy. Maria Carmen Collado, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council IATA-CSIC , Valencia, Spain Limiting excessive weight gain and controlling blood pressure during pregnancy are important to prevent pre-eclampsia and other complications of pregnancy.
Here is a summary of the four studies that collected preeclampsia data, included in the Cochrane review: Callaway et al.
Is there a rationale for the preeclampsia warning? Conclusions In summary, we must recognize that certain strains of probiotics may cause harm in certain populations. Meta-analysis in clinical trials.
Control Clin Trials. Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot—based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.
Taghizadeh M, Alizadeh S, Asemi Z. Effect of Daily Consumption of a Synbiotic Food on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Women Health Bull. Taghizadeh M, Asemi Z.
Effects of synbiotic food consumption on glycemic status and serum hs-CRP in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. PubMed Google Scholar. Rautava S, Collado MC, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Probiotics modulate host-microbe interaction in the placenta and fetal gut: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Wickens K, Black PN, Stanley TV, Mitchell E, Fitzharris P, Tannock GW, et al. A differential effect of 2 probiotics in the prevention of eczema and atopy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Kopp MV, Hennemuth I, Heinzmann A, Urbanek R. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for primary prevention: no clinical effects of lactobacillus GG supplementation. Kukkonen K, Savilahti E, Haahtela T, Juntunen-Backman K, Korpela R, Poussa T, et al.
Probiotics and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in the prevention of allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ho M, Chang YY, Chang WC, Lin HC, Wang MH, Lin WC, et al.
Oral lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and lactobacillus reuteri RC to reduce group B streptococcus colonization in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.
Dolatkhah N, Hajifaraji M, Abbasalizadeh F, Aghamohammadzadeh N, Mehrabi Y, Abbasi MM. Is there a value for probiotic supplements in gestational diabetes mellitus?
A randomized clinical trial. J Health Popul Nutr. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Lindsay KL, Brennan L, Kennelly MA, Maguire OC, Smith T, Curran S, et al. Impact of probiotics in women with gestational diabetes mellitus on metabolic health: a randomized controlled trial.
Lindsay KL, Kennelly M, Culliton M, Smith T, Maguire OC, Shanahan F, et al. Probiotics in obese pregnancy do not reduce maternal fasting glucose: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial Probiotics in pregnancy study.
Rautava S, Kainonen E, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and breast-feeding reduces the risk of eczema in the infant. Hantoushzadeh S, Golshahi F, Javadian P, Khazardoost S, Aram S, Hashemi S, et al. Comparative efficacy of probiotic yoghurt and clindamycin in treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. Krauss-Silva L, Moreira ME, Alves MB, Braga A, Camacho KG, Batista MR, et al. A randomised controlled trial of probiotics for the prevention of spontaneous preterm delivery associated with bacterial vaginosis: preliminary results.
Kim JY, Kwon JH, Ahn SH, Lee SI, Han YS, Choi YO, et al. Effect of probiotic mix Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. Niers L, Martin R, Rijkers G, Sengers F, Timmerman H, van Uden N, et al. The effects of selected probiotic strains on the development of eczema the PandA study. Bergmann RL, Haschke-Becher E, Klassen-Wigger P, Bergmann KE, Richter R, Dudenhausen JW, et al.
Ann Nutr Metab. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Abrahamsson TR, Jakobsson T, Bottcher MF, Fredrikson M, Jenmalm MC, Bjorksten B, et al. Probiotics in prevention of IgE-associated eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, Jamilian M, Ahmadi S, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, et al.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Asemi S, Jazayeri S, Najafi M, Samimi M, Mofid V, Shidfar F, et al. Effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on inflammatory factors in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.
Pak J Biol Sci. Boyle RJ, Ismail IH, Kivivuori S, Licciardi PV, Robins-Browne RM, Mah LJ, et al. Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy for the prevention of eczema: a randomized controlled trial.
Jafarnejad S, Saremi S, Jafarnejad F, Arab A. Effects of a multispecies Probiotic mixture on Glycemic control and inflammatory status in women with gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
J Nutr Metab. Allen SJ, Jordan S, Storey M, Thornton CA, Gravenor M, Garaiova I, et al. Dietary supplementation with lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria is well tolerated and not associated with adverse events during late pregnancy and early infancy.
Dotterud CK, Storrø O, Johnsen R, Oien T. Probiotics in pregnant women to prevent allergic disease: a randomized, double-blind trial.
Kalliomäki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Koskinen P, Isolauri E. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Lancet London, England. Ou CY, Kuo HC, Wang L, Hsu TY, Chuang H, Liu CA. Prenatal and postnatal probiotics reduces maternal but not childhood allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, Miccheli A, Pratico G, Campagna G, Laforgia N, et al.
Administration of a multistrain probiotic product VSL 3 to women in the perinatal period differentially affects breast milk beneficial microbiota in relation to mode of delivery. Pharmacol Res. The World Bank. World Bank Country and Lending Groups. Accessed 20 Feb Drago L, Rodighiero V, Celeste T, Rovetto L, De Vecchi E.
Microbiological evaluation of commercial probiotic products available in the USA in J Chemother. Grześkowiak Ł, Isolauri E, Salminen S, Gueimonde M. Manufacturing process influences properties of probiotic bacteria. Bender R, Friede T, Koch A, Kuss O, Schlattmann P, Schwarzer G et al.
Performing meta-analyses in the case of very few studies. In: Cochrane Colloquium. Seoul; Download references. We thank Ms. Neera Bhatnagar Head of Systems and Public Services, Health Sciences Library, McMaster University for her help in developing the search strategies and Ms.
Kristen Viaje and Ms. Sugee Korale Liyanage for their administrative support of the project. PM holds the Audrey Campbell Ulcerative Colitis Research Chair in the Department of Medicine, McMaster University.
JCS holds the Farncombe Family Endowed Chair in Microbial Ecology and Bioinformatics at McMaster University. JB holds the John D. Cameron Endowed Chair in the Genetic Determinants of Chronic Diseases, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University.
SDM is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research CIHR Tier II Canada Research Chair in Maternal and Child Obesity Prevention and Intervention, Sponsor Award —, None of the sources of funding had any involvement in study design; collection analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report or decision to submit the report for publication.
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
AJ, AMLM, JS, PM, JB and SDM contributed to the study concept and design, AJ and AMLM contributed to the acquisition of data, AJ performed the data analysis, AJ, JS, PM, SC and SDM interpreted the data; AJ and SDM drafted the manuscript, AJ, AMLM, JS, PM, SC, JB and SDM critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Correspondence to Alexander Jarde. PM has received research support from Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Allergan PLC. He has been on the advisory board and given lectures for Allergan and has been on the advisory board for Shire Pharmaceuticals. SMC received a grant in aid from Nestlé Research Centre for a preclinical study of probiotic bacteria in a model of irritable bowel syndrome.
None of the sponsors had any involvement in study design; collection analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report or decision to submit the report for publication. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Complete search strategy. Complete search strategy; Search terms used in each of the databases used. DOC kb. Individual study data. docx; Individual study data; Individual study data for all outcomes, comparisons and analyses.
DOCX kb. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Jarde, A. et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women taking probiotics or prebiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18 , 14 Download citation. Received : 05 June Accepted : 14 December Published : 08 January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Research article Open access Published: 08 January Pregnancy outcomes in women taking probiotics or prebiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis Alexander Jarde ORCID: orcid.
Stearns 3 , Stephen M. McDonald 1 Show authors BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth volume 18 , Article number: 14 Cite this article 19k Accesses 95 Citations 15 Altmetric Metrics details. Abstract Background Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit.
Results We identified publications, screened non-duplicate titles and abstracts and read full text articles. Conclusions We found no evidence that taking probiotics or prebiotics during pregnancy either increases or decreases the risk of preterm birth or other infant and maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Trial registration We prospectively published the protocol for this study in the PROSPERO database CRD Methods We prospectively published the protocol for this study in the PROSPERO database CRD Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials in which pregnant women were allocated to an intervention group receiving any combinations of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics; or to a control group receiving no treatment, treatment as usual, placebo or any combination of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics.
Data extraction and assessment of risk of bias Two reviewers AJ and AMLM independently screened all titles and abstracts and the full text of potentially eligible papers. Data synthesis and statistical analyses We performed pairwise inverse variance random effects meta-analyses DerSimonian and Laird [ 26 ] using Review Manager version 5.
Management of multiple comparisons Whenever we encountered multiple, correlated comparisons e. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses We did subgroup analyses by potential conflicts of interest including the provision of the probiotic product by the producing company and length of exposure lasting up to the end of pregnancy or not.
Results We identified publications in our search strategy, removed duplicates and screened titles and abstracts, as well as reference lists from previous reviews on this and closely related topics which provided 60 additional references , resulting in articles that we read in full text and assessed for inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Full size image. Discussion Main findings Overall, we found no evidence of either harm or benefit of probiotics or prebiotics on preterm birth or other adverse infant and maternal clinical outcomes.
Interpretation in the context of the literature To our knowledge, the most recent systematic review reporting the risks of probiotics for preterm birth was the Cochrane review on gestational diabetes, published in literature search in , while the Cochrane review that focused on the association of probiotics and preterm birth was updated in literature search in [ 19 , 22 ].
Strengths and limitations The main strength of this systematic review was the relatively high number of studies identified. Conclusions More randomized studies are required that assess the safety or efficacy of taking prebiotics during pregnancy.
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SMC is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research CIHR Foundation grant. Availability of data and materials All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
McDonald Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Paul Moayyedi Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Jennifer C.
Stearns Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Stephen M. Collins Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Joseph Beyene Authors Alexander Jarde View author publications.
View author publications. Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable Competing interests AJ, AMLM, JCS, JB and SDM declare that they have no competing interests. Additional files.
Lregnancy eating a Prohiotics diet, many pregnant Probiotics and pregnancy look for Pregnnancy ways to Probioticss their own health and pregnanct health of their unborn child during pregnandy. Supplementing with folic acid and vitamin D is Tips to lower cholesterol, but to further enhance wellbeing, many expectant keeping blood sugar in check choose to take pregnanyc supplement containing probiotics. Specific, well-researched strains of beneficial bacteria can positively influence different areas of health at this very special time. This is the question that is first in the minds of all newly expectant mums looking to add probiotics to their health regime: are probiotics safe to take when pregnant or breastfeeding? Generally, probiotics and prebiotics are considered safe during pregnancy, as confirmed by the results of large scientific studies 1,2. A number of organisations including Babycentre UK 29 and the American Pregnancy Association 30 have also suggested probiotic supplementation during pregnancy to be safe and beneficial. However, there is still one probiotic in particular, Saccharomyces boulardii, that is lacking in clinical research in pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth volume 18Article number: 14 ;regnancy this Low-intensity stretching exercises. Metrics pregnqncy. Probiotics are living Probjotics that, when administered Probiptics adequate amounts, confer a health benefit. It has been Body composition measurement that probiotics might help prevent preterm birth, but in two previous systematic reviews possible major increases in this risk have been suggested. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women taking probiotics, Probiotis or synbiotics. We included randomized controlled trials in which women with a singleton pregnancy received a probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic intervention.
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