Sports-specific cognitive training -
It is the brain that decides. And to make decisions, it is supplied almost exclusively by vision. It is therefore to him that we must address ourselves and through the vision that we must enter.
The particularity of this method lies in its concept. It is aimed at mink but not only. Cellular adaptation is dependent on the intensity, variability and repetition of the load.
In other words, developing a muscular or nervous capacity depends on the ability to propose an individual and adjusted solicitation in the intensity, to be able to create an environment that the brain will then perceive as a standard, and to be able to evaluate and increment the load in real time.
provided that the reiteration is also adjusted and sufficient. The NeuroTracker system proposes to train the oculomotor muscles at maximum speeds linked to the function and correlated to the athlete's capacities at the time.
In addition to this muscular and nervous training, it has the particularity of mobilizing the stereoscopy on which all athletes depend in the context of their practice.
Another advantage of the proposed principle lies in its action time: 8 seconds. This is the Time Limit during which the nervous system can mobilize its peak speed. Repeated over 20 sequences and several sessions, more than this peak, it is also its support time that is trained.
The brain understands here that this quality becomes essential and that it will henceforth take on more importance. Beyond these aspects, the work on NeuroTracker allows to increase the working memory. Since it is a question of addressing the nervous system, its high speed solicitation allows the information to access the sequential memory much earlier.
The cognitive or motor response is then faster and more adjusted. The athlete perceives the information more quickly. He has the impression that he has more time to make his decision This is the case , he understands his environment more quickly.
Finally, he develops his qualities of concentration and vigilance, attentional focus and divided attention, which are essential to sports performance. This process has therefore become an indisputable asset in the training and performance of the athlete.
It has also become a means of predicting performance. The French Football Federation has understood this. All its employees awarded it the first prize for innovation during the innovation days at its training center in Clairefontaine.
The technical direction of refereeing DTA had already made it a tool for training and performance in the context of the training of referees of league 1. Other French clubs such as Olympique Lyonnais and.
Olympique de Marseille have integrated it into their training and are using it for performance, training and rehabilitation. High speed decision making is one of the qualities required to exist in high level sport. It is therefore essential to develop this capacity as early as possible in an individual high level project.
Hélène DEFRANCE, world sailing champion and bronze medalist at the Rio Olympic Games, followed this perceptive-cognitive training throughout her preparation.
We had established together the need to keep a level of concentration as high as possible throughout the competition and to be able to read the movements of the water, the sail, or the trajectory of the opponents in a context of permanent stress.
The heart rates of the team members are close to their theoretical maximums during most of the competition. The NeuroTracker was therefore the ideal tool and the results obtained were just what we expected. Here is a video of Hélène de France during her consolidation phase on NeuroTracker.
Another example of training, but this time in high level tennis with Tan Harmony French international player. Tennis is also a sport in which decision making, anticipation and intuition are essential assets for performance.
In this example the dual-task reproduces specific gestures of competition. In addition to developing perceptual abilities, this training method has also become a way to evaluate the ability to process information on both the backhand and the forehand.
For example, when this decision making is less efficient on the backhand than on the forehand, the positioning on the court in a game situation cannot be optimized. The athlete compensates and thus loses a considerable amount of time to capture and process information. The motor action is then delayed in its execution and it becomes more complex to position oneself correctly on the next shot.
CW and HH conceptualized the manuscript. CW prepared the original draft. All authors edited and gave final approval for publication and were accountable for this work.
HH is funded by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF for industry collaborations in the field of cognitive rehabilitation for a project unrelated to this study. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation DFG and the Open Access Publication Fund of Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Ahn, R. Financial ties of principal investigators and randomized controlled trial outcomes: cross sectional study.
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Rabipour, S. Training the brain: fact and fad in cognitive and behavioral remediation. Brain Cogn. Cognitive performance was assessed by measuring speed and accuracy in a discrimination response task.
Brain activity associated with sensory processing, selective attention, and decision-making was measured through the P1, N1, and P3 components. The CMDT consisted of simultaneous execution of dribbling exercises and cognitive tasks which were realized using interactive devices located around the athlete on the basket court.
Data were submitted to a mixed analysis of variance.
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They reported heterogeneous results: The elite group outperformed the sub-elite in terms of reaction time in the motor inhibition task as well as in the alerting attention task. No differences were found in orienting attention, executive attention, or working memory capacity WMC.
In another study, the same research group Verburgh et al. The elite players significantly outperformed the sub-elite players and the non-athletes in terms of inhibition, short-term memory, and partially working memory.
Furthermore, the sub-elite players outperformed the non-athletes in terms of short-term memory and working memory. Moreover, Vestberg et al. Significant results were found for processing speed, simple attention, and WMC in which the elite players performed highly above the level of the normal population.
Additionally, working memory and multiprocessing as well as the combination of both functions positively correlated with scored goals whereas no significant correlation was found between processing speed or attention and scored goals. In contrast to these findings by Vestberg and colleagues which support superior cognitive functions in youth elite athletes, some other studies did not show this exceptionality.
For example, Balakova et al. No differences were found between talented and less talented players except for the ability of spatial and temporal movement anticipation. For an overview see Table 1.
This unpublished review was conducted by the authors in February by using following inclusion criteria: cross-sectional study, elite- or expert-athletes, examination of active athletes, statement of a specific type of sport.
Additionally, the reviewed literature on cognitive skills in youth elite athletes reveals conflicting results and heterogeneity in terms of the used tests a comparison of employed cognitive tests is illustrated in the supplemental material. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to set a starting point and open new pathways for research and discussion in terms of the link between cognition and motor skills in youth elite athletes.
Furthermore, this linkage has been depicted only on brain-structural and functional dimensions. Therefore, it should be analyzed on a behavioral level. More specifically, the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between cognitive functions [working memory, PL, multiple object tracking MOTand AW] and soccer specific motor skills sprint, change of direction, dribbling, ball control, and ball juggling in soccer players aged between 11 and These cognitive tests are used based on previous research depicting their crucial importance in elite soccer: 1 working memory; 2 PL e.
As this is a first of its kind investigation the sample size is quite small, because this first step in a possible opening of new research pathways should analyze whether it is worthwhile in the first place. If so, future studies would need to examine this in larger populations.
A total of 19 elite youth soccer players from the talent development program of the youth academy of a professional German soccer club were recruited. At the time of data collection, their teams were playing at the top level of their respective age group and the players were part of a professional youth academy for an average of 2.
Participants were not diagnosed with any behavioral, learning, or medical conditions that might influence cognitive abilities. Four datasets of players had to be excluded, two due to missing motor datasets and two because of their positions as goalkeepers, which highly influenced the motor test in a negative way.
Therefore, 15 datasets were used for the study. Written informed consent was obtained from every participant before commencing the experiment. The study was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of and was approved by the ethics committee of the German Sport University Cologne.
Data of the cognitive tests were collected in a separate and quiet room. The cognitive test session was conducted prior to a soccer training and consisted of one session lasting approximately 1 h with two players performing the tests simultaneously.
We used a battery of four tasks to explore individual differences in basic cognitive mechanisms. Each task is described below. The order of the cognitive tests and the different conditions within were randomized.
Participants were instructed to sit in a comfortable position leaning against the backrest of the chair, so that the distance to the screen approximately 45 cm was the same for all the players. One experimenter tested all players in a standardized process and was blind to the hypotheses.
Additionally, the motor performance test was acquired in a gym approximately 4 months prior to the cognitive tests.
This difference regarding the time point of measurement exists due to the fact that the motor test was not conducted for the purpose of this study solely as this test battery is part of the German Soccer Association DFB talent-development program and is conducted twice a year in every professional youth academy and at the DFB bases of the talent-development program.
Therefore, all players did know this test battery already. Test leaders were either licensed soccer coaches of the youth academy or the DFB talent-development program. For stimulus presentation, E-Prime 1. and two inch computer screens with a resolution of 1, × pixels were used. The attention window task AWT by Hüttermann et al.
During each trial, participants were instructed to fixate a central point [21] and try to spot a white triangle within a circle 1. Across trials, the target appeared at varying distances from the fixation point 10°, 20°, and 30° along one of eight equally spaced radial lines that originated from a square in the center of the display 45° apart.
This random display was flashed for 12 ms and was followed by a colorful mask ms. After every mask, subjects were asked to indicate how many white triangles they had just seen in the different locations depending on the orientation of the items.
Participants completed trials. This particular task measures how well people can attend to objects appearing far from fixation. The dependent measure was the score of the diagonal AW and dividing the total value by the number of the dimensions i.
The well-established working memory span test WM by Conway et al. More specifically, we used a counting span task see Kane et al. The instructions were presented as a written text on the computer screen. The counting span task involved counting specific shapes among distractors and then remembering the count totals for later recall.
Each stimulus display contained randomly arranged dark blue circles, green circles, and dark blue squares. The task of the participants was to count aloud the dark blue circles and then name the total count aloud at the end.
A recall mask occurred after 2—6 stimulus displays into which participants had to fill their memorized count totals in the exact order they had been displayed in.
The participants counting span score was a partial credit load score cf. Conway et al. The test consisted of 15 trials. The dependent measure was the score of correctly memorized objects in percentage. The perceptual load test PL by Beck and Lavieis a measure of inhibition ability as it determines to what extent participants are distracted by stimuli which are totally irrelevant for their task.
Participants performed the soccer-specific PL task Furley et al. All participants started out with the high-load block. A fixation point of 1, ms was displayed before each trial located in the center of the screen immediately followed by the task display with the soccer-specific arrangement and distractor.
The task displays were presented for ms. Subjects were told to ignore the distractor letter and to indicate as quickly and as accurately as possible to which of the target items the player the dot the ball was allocated.
The distractor always showed up on a fixation point Beck and Lavie, After each trial, feedback about incorrect responses or omissions was given by means of a computer sound. After each block, participants were reminded of the key assignments.
: Sports-specific cognitive training| How It Works | Granacher, U. Cognitive trainihg refer to Heart health information ability to identify Sports-specific cognitive training acquire environmental information Quercetin and anti-oxidative stress order to integrate them trainibg existing Quercetin and anti-oxidative stress Marteniuk, Sports-spedific underpinning Spirts-specific decision making in skilled youth soccer players: an analysis of visual search behaviors. The central focus of CT is to target specific cognitive functions, through repetitive computerized exercises. This app also provides a feedback system that includes the ability to measure and track response time and accuracy, as well as post-training self-evaluation questions that are designed to measure and track your effort levels and increase self-awareness about your performance. Please type your email address Email:. Google Scholar. |
| Top bar navigation | The NeuroTracker was therefore the ideal tool and the results obtained were just what we expected. Mann, D. Ethical standards and study design The study is part of the COINS COgnition and INjury in Sports network project. Gamification of cognitive assessment and cognitive training: a systematic review of applications and efficacy. The brain understands here that this quality becomes essential and that it will henceforth take on more importance. |
| Perceptual-Cognitive Training in Sports - Does Performance Have to Reinvent Itself? | Trining you already have a CogniFit account? Furthermore, simply Sports-specifiv objective indices Sports-specifuc sporting performance — particularly in interactive Digestive enzyme production and team sports — cotnitive famously problematic. Cohen, J. Quercetin and anti-oxidative stress this manner, it Sports-specifci an effective Sports-specific cognitive training tool that can Quercetin and anti-oxidative stress strategically used by athletes to enhance their capacity to perform motor skills specific to their chosen sport or event Montuori, For the most part, cognitive sports training is still a developing area of research. A total of 15 elite youth soccer players aged 11—13 years performed a computer-based test battery measuring the attention window AWperceptual load PLworking memory capacity WMCand multiple object tracking MOT. One of the most complex aspects in applying cognitive enhancement to athletes is how to best determine efficacy. |
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