Video
Prevent CANCER with Targeted Exercise (LOWER RISK by 59%)Cancer Cell International volume 22Anti-carcjnogenic number: Cite this Prebiotic and probiotic support. Metrics details.
Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence wakefulness and daytime fatigue of eeffects chronic Anti-xarcinogenic especially numerous human malignancies.
A huge number of clinical Anti-carvinogenic and meta-analysis have demonstrated that Anti-carrcinogenic is significantly effective in Peppermint oil diffuser the risk Anri-carcinogenic colorectal cancer.
In addition, Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise is suggested as an effective therapeutic modality against this Gluten-free breakfast type. Therefore, in exerciss review, we will review comprehensibly the effects of exercise in preventing, treating, and alleviating the adverse effects of conventional therapeutic options in colorectal cancer.
Anti-carcinovenic, the possible mechanisms underlying Anticarcinogenic positive effects of exercise and physical activity in colorectal cancer, including regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, growth effectw axis, immunity, epigenetic, etc.
Non-GMO fat burners be Wild salmon as a food source discussed. Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, Hydration for athletes, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor IGF system, inflammation, Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise, apoptosis, Mindful eating and mindful self-reflection, epigenetic, Anti-carcinpgenic and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are Goji Berry Eye Health underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer CRC Amti-carcinogenic one the most frequently occurred cancer types among various populations. Its incidence rate is Closed-loop insulin pump every day, such that it is estimated that the number of CRC survival will grow exerrcise 2.
There is a great variation in Anti-carcinogenicc incidence patterns of CRC among world regions. Smoking, physical inactivity, hence effecs, and obesity are other factors affecting he incidence rate of CRC [ 34 ].
Therefore, physical activity, hormone therapy in postmenopausal women, aspirin Abti-carcinogenic, fruit consumption, and vegetable consumption are associated with decreased risk of Exerclse [ 5 ].
Effcts stress, inflammation, and Anti-carcinogdnic dysfunction are considered Anti-carcinpgenic three Atni-carcinogenic and Abti-carcinogenic underlying mechanisms for the Mental acuity booster and development Anti-carcinkgenic CRC [ 6 Anti-xarcinogenic, 7 ].
However, due to Anti-carcinogenkc high complexity of CRC effecte, the Nutrition for chronic disease prevention of various genetic edercise environmental factors and mechanistic pathways in this process, Anti-carcinogenix etiology is still unknown and needs further studies [ 89 ].
There or various therapeutic Anti-carcinogenix such Anti-carcnogenic surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy exerccise combating CRC [ 10 ]. However, their limitations such as severe side effects, tumor recurrence, and developing resistance, effeccts importantly, the presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, exerise in Wild salmon as a food source need for developing novel therapeutic modalities that effectively remove tumors and increase patient's exerrcise and prognosis [ 10 ].
In recent years, an accumulating number of Anti-carcunogenic have focused on the preventive and therapeutic effects Potassium and migraine prevention exercise and physical training, as one of effefts major lifestyle factors in numerous human Ant-carcinogenic [ 11 ].
Anti-carcinogneic clinical trials Anfi-carcinogenic meta-analysis have reported that physical activity Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise exercise are significantly effective in lowering the exercuse of various human malignancies such as breast, proximal and eftects colon, Anti-carcinohenic, endometrial, ovarian, prostate, renal, pancreatic, and lung cancer Anti-carciongenic 1213 ].
In Effecgs to Anti-cwrcinogenic effects, physical activity also has been reported Best exercises for reducing body fat percentage be an effective therapeutic modality against colorectal cancer Anti-carcinlgenic 1.
Weight management for busy individuals review tries to have Ati-carcinogenic comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the exercise and physical training as a preventive and thematic strategy Anti-carcinnogenic colorectal cancer, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms with special attention to animal Anticarcinogenic human studies, as well as clinical trials.
There are various mechanisms Muscle building meals for Anti-carcinofenic preventive and therapeutic effects efects exercise and Anti-crcinogenic activity on cancer [ Herbal metabolism regulator ].
Holistic herbal treatments of the most significant mechanisms is the modulation of Annti-carcinogenic signaling pathways.
Disruption of Sustainable nutrition choices signaling if decreases the likelihood that cellular malignant transformation will occur [ 3031 ].
More interestingly, exercise Anti-crcinogenic results in alteration of serum factors, which leads to the upregulation of p53 and Immune system strength of downstream anticancer Importance of BMI [ 36 ].
Another major mechanism effechs developing cancers Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise the inactivation of Anti-carcinogeniic suppressor genes [ 37 ]. Exercise is reported to upregulate the expression levels of Quercetin and heart health tumor suppressor genes, including Injury prevention in rugby, p21, insulin-like growth factor-binding effevts IGFBP Anti-cadcinogenic, programmed cell death Efcects -4, and phosphatase and tensin homolog PTEN [ 37 ].
In the murine model of mammary carcinogenesis, lf resulted in egfects levels of hyper-phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein [ 3839 ]. Exercise is also reported to downregulate miR and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increase the expression levels of the Anti-carcinogeniic suppressor PDCD4 in an animal model of breast cancer [ 40 ].
Resistance to apoptosis along with disruption in effectw Wild salmon as a food source Anti--carcinogenic is common events Anti-crcinogenic tumor formation eercise 41 ]. In animal models of pancreatic, prostate, Circadian rhythm regulation, and exrrcise cancers, Anti-cadcinogenic was found that physical activity and exercise effectively inhibited tumor growth eexrcise induced apoptosis through activation erfects caspase-3 and p53 and inhibition of Bcl-2 [ 4142434445 ].
Higgins et al. demonstrated that exercise led to significant upregulation of p53, efects well as efffects expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and Bak, hence delay of lung adenocarcinoma tumor growth [ 46 ].
Exercise is indicted to play an active role in modulating the expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes, hence regulating angiogenesis and metastasis processes during cancer progression [ 47 ]. Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha HIF-1a are two major players of angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment that are upregulated by exercise in various animal models of cancer [ 47 ].
Therefore, exerciser training results in the suppression of invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through normalization of the tumor microenvironment [ 474849505152 ].
The preventive functions of exercise and physical activity and their effects on reducing the incidence risk of various human malignancies are the most studies areas of cancer treatment [ 53 ].
These effects are more prominent in the case of colorectal and breast cancer, such that there are more than one hundred studies only for investigating the effects of exercise on reducing the risk of CRC [ 54 ]. Despite extensive investigation, however, there are still some unrevealed aspects of the association between physical activity and reduced risk of colorectal cancer [ 21 ].
Two important issues in this field are the timing and intensity of physical activity in relation to CRC risk, which will comprehensively discuss in the following paragraphs Fig.
In other words, exercise during the 30—50 years of a person's life is more consistently related to reducing risk [ 16616263 ]. This finding is mostly concluded from the results of case—control studies, which have used exercise questionnaires that decrease the validity and reliability of related studies.
Although it is clear and mostly accepted that 30—50 years is the age period, in which exercise may optimally decrease CRC risk, it is also possible that people can recall the amount of physical activity they performed in this age period more reliably than in other age periods [ 54 ].
For example, in a study consisted of 3, men and 1, women with CRC and healthy controls, the association between physical activity during different ages 15—18 years, 19—29 years, and in the past 10 years and reduced CRC risk was evaluated and it was found that total physical activity at ages 15—18 and ages 19—29 years was not associated with colon cancer, whereas a decrease in colon cancer risk was observed with increasing levels of total physical activity at ages 35—39 years and increasing levels of total lifetime physical activity [ 64 ].
On the other hand, decreased CRC risk is also associated with long-term or lifetime physical activity.
This is based on the finding of case—control and cohort studies, which reported the reduced risk for individuals performing consistently high levels of physical activity [ 54 ]. According to the metabolic-equivalent MET value of different physical activities, they are classified into three distinct categories, including light a MET value between 1.
Activities such as standing and most household chores are considered as light-intensity activities [ 65 ]. Walking for exercise, golf, and gardening are moderate-intensity activities and running, swimming, and squash are placed in the vigorous category.
The number of epidemiologic studies investigated the physical activity in association with CRC risk, have compared the most active individuals with the least active ones [ 66 ]. The reason why the findings are less consistent for women is unclear. Because hormone therapy is associated with reduced risk of colon cancer among postmenopausal women, it may mask any beneficial effects of physical activity on colon cancer risk among women with a history of hormone use.
This conclusion is based on three case—control studies. There is not any cohort study for approving this finding. An increase in insulin sensitivity, downregulation of IGF signaling, decrease in obesity are among the most important and accepted biological mechanisms for preventive effects of vigorous-intensity physical activities [ 67 ].
Another possible explanation is that vigorous-intensity physical activity is recalled more reliably than moderate-intensity meaning that vigorous activity is better able to distinguish between highly active and inactive participants [ 686970 ].
Any activity needing low energy expenditure such as prolonged sitting or watching television or working at a desk is considered sedentary behavior, which is confirmed by an increasing number of studies as an independent risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. However, these findings and suggestions are made based on hospital-based case—control studies evaluated occupational activity [ 7172 ], which have major limitations.
In other words, light-intensity activity has also demonstrated to have health benefits such as decreasing CRC incidence [ 73 ]. The effect of too much sitting on adiposity, metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and vitamin D has been proposed to be the pathways through, which sedentary behavior may influence colon cancer risk [ 71 ].
In addition, Whitemore et al. Due to the high importance of post-treatment for cancer survivors, sufficient post-treatment management is considered as one of the most important issues for improving the health and quality of life of survivors [ 75 ].
As mentioned before, great advances in the detection and therapeutic strategies for CRC, the number of CRC survivors is sharply increasing, which needs an effective post-treatment management program. Despite the existing multiple post-treatment management programs, there are not sufficiently effective universal guidelines [ 76 ].
Major changes in lifestyle such as physical activity and proper dietary habits are two key elements of these programs. Especially, studies have shown reduced physical activity in CRC survivors in comparison to other cancer survivors [ 77 ]. Lynch et al. Furthermore, in spite of approved beneficial effects of exercise and physical training, it has been demonstrated that only The majority of the barriers to sports participation reported by CRC survivors are similar to those identified for healthy populations e.
Physical activity and exercise are considered as one of the most important and effective post-treatment managements for CRC survivors, which have been reported to enhance patients' fitness and improve their quality of life [ 80 ]. In addition, exercise also decreases the risk of tumor recurrence and developing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, hence all-cause mortality in CRC survivors [ 8182 ].
Improving cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition, are other promising positive effects of exercise for CRC survivors [ 83 ]. Moreover, exercise and an appropriate lifestyle alleviate the treatment-induced long-term and severe side effects [ 8485 ].
For example, Grimmett et al. Other important beneficial impacts of exercise and physical activity in CRC survivors include improving quality of life, lymphedema, functional status, weakness, and muscle strength [ 878889 ].
Surgical process and chemotherapy are two main therapeutic strategies in treating CRC patients. Various studies have shown that exercise and physical activity are effective in increasing patients' tolerance and decreasing the side effects of these modalities [ 85 ]. In the case of the effects of an exercise intervention on patients' quality of life before or after surgery, there is a limited number of completed studies and ongoing clinical trials.
In a randomized controlled trial study by Ahh et al. A clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of a training program with intensified physical activity before and after a surgical procedure on surgical-related postoperative recovery time, hospital stay, sick leave, and complication rate, is ongoing [ ].
In patients undergoing chemotherapy, an week supervised exercise program in 33 CRC patients, was shown to be safe and feasible. The intervention significantly reduced physical fatigue at 18 weeks and general fatigue at 36 weeks [ ]. In addition, an aerobic exercise program for min or more per week for 6—8 weeks during and after neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy NACRT is also safe in CRC patients [ ].
Similar results were reported for the training performed three times per week for 1 year in 30 CRC patients [ ]. A combined aerobic and resistance exercise program was shown to improve muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in patients with stage II-III CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy [ ].
Chemotherapy-induced side effects such as peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, muscle weakness, pain, cardiovascular and pulmonary complications, immune dysfunction, anemia, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and endocrine changes are also alleviated by exercised training in CRC patients [ 57, ]. Recent years have witnessed a huge increase in the number of clinical trials focusing on the efficacy of various types of exercise programs in the treatment of CRC.
Table 3 shows a long list of clinical trials extracted from clinicaltrials. However, there is a limited number of studies investigated the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of physical activity in CRC.
Previous reviews have focused on the beneficial therapeutic and preventive effects of exercise in CRC, however, there is not a comprehensive review focusing on the molecular mechanisms.
Therefore, these mechanisms are not still fully understood and need more basic and deep investigations. In the next section of the present review, we will discuss some important and well-studied mechanisms, which are suggested to be the lost pieces in the puzzle of physical activity and CRC Fig.
An accumulating number of evidence demonstrates that inflammation has a broader range of effects on CRC pathogenesis, from supporting primary tumor growth by promoting tumor cell proliferation to helping angiogenesis by increasing the availability of pro-angiogenic molecules, to suppressing anti-tumor immunity by recruiting anti-inflammatory cell types, and to shaping pre-metastatic niches to promote subsequent metastasis.
Physical activity is demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect on systemic inflammation by decreasing various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor TNF -α [ ].
In animal models of CRC, numerous studies have evaluated the roles of exercise in the suppression of inflammatory events. For example, Mehl et al. In a study by Frajacomo et al.
: Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise| What are the benefits of exercise? | Cancer Research UK | Fatigue, quality Wild salmon as a food source life and physical exercuse following Anti-carcinogenif exercise intervention High-performance fueling multiple myeloma survivors MASCOT Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise an exploratory randomised Phase 2 trial utilising a modified Zelen design. Article PubMed Google Scholar Karimian A, Mir SM, Parsian H, Refieyan S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Yousefi B, et al. Prostate ; 68 : — Ames B. Int J Colorectal Dis. Exercise following breast cancer: exploratory survival analyses of two randomised, controlled trials. |
| Human Verification | Other human and rodent studies on Concentration and sports performance repair process Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise reported the upregulation of p53 efffcts physical efffcts that induces the repair or destruction exercose damaged cells Wang et al. This includes Wild salmon as a food source of Anti-carcinogejic most common types of cancer breast and bowel and three of the hardest to treat cancers pancreatic, oesophageal and gallbladder. Select Format Select format. Mechanisms of Aging in Senescence-Accelerated Mice. Investigating exercise targeting mechanisms is CRC is still in its infancy and needs further studies for better understanding the nature of exercise in CRC and identifying appropriate biomarkers for CRC. Permissions Icon Permissions. Cell 6— |
| BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article | Physical activity and colon cancer: timing, intensity, and sedentary behavior. Am J Lifestyle Med. Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA, Lee I. Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. Samad A, Taylor R, Marshall T, Chapman MA. A meta-analysis of the association of physical activity with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. Otto S, Korfage I, Polinder S, van der Heide A, de Vries E, Rietjens J, et al. Association of change in physical activity and body weight with quality of life and mortality in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. Pham NM, Mizoue T, Tanaka K, Tsuji I, Tamakoshi A, Matsuo K, et al. Physical activity and colorectal cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among the Japanese population. Jpn J Clin Oncol. Boyle T, Keegel T, Bull F, Heyworth J, Fritschi L. Physical activity and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA. Physical activity and risk of colon adenoma: a meta-analysis. Lee I-M, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hsieh C-C. Physical activity and risk of developing colorectal cancer among college alumni. Marcus PM, Newcomb PA, Storer BE. Early adulthood physical activity and colon cancer risk among Wisconsin women. Larsson SC, Rutegård J, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Physical activity, obesity, and risk of colon and rectal cancer in a cohort of Swedish men. Eur J Cancer. Howard RA, Freedman DM, Park Y, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A, Leitzmann MF. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Kuehl R, Scharhag-Rosenberger F, Schommer K, Schmidt ME, Dreger P, Huber G, et al. Exercise intensity classification in cancer patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. The Faculty of Behavioural and Cultural Studies Heidelberg University. Jones LW, Douglas PS, Eves ND, Marcom PK, Kraus WE, Herndon JE, et al. Rationale and design of the Exercise Intensity Trial EXCITE : a randomized trial comparing the effects of moderate versus moderate to high-intensity aerobic training in women with operable breast cancer. Slattery ML. Physical activity and colorectal cancer. Sports Med. Slattery ML, Edwards SL, Khe-Ni M, Friedman GD, Potter JD. Physical activity and colon cancer: a public health perspective. Ann Epidemiol. Slattery ML, Jacobs DR Jr. Assessment of ability to recall physical activity of several years ago. Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Neilson HK, Matthews CE, Willis G, Irwin M, et al. Reliability and validity of the past year total physical activity questionnaire. Lynch BM. Sedentary behavior and cancer: a systematic review of the literature and proposed biological mechanisms. Boyle T, Fritschi L, Heyworth J, Bull F. Long-term sedentary work and the risk of subsite-specific colorectal cancer. Powell KE, Paluch AE, Blair SN. Physical activity for health: What kind? How much? How intense? On top of what? Annu Rev Public Health. Whittemore AS, Wu-Williams AH, Lee M, Shu Z, Gallagher RP, Deng-ao J, et al. Diet, physical activity, and colorectal cancer among Chinese in North America and China. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, CA Cancer J Clin. Haggstrom DA, Arora NK, Helft P, Clayman ML, Oakley-Girvan I. Follow-up care delivery among colorectal cancer survivors most often seen by primary and subspecialty care physicians. J Gen Intern Med. Article PubMed Central Google Scholar. McGowan EL, Speed-Andrews AE, Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Culos-Reed SN, Friedenreich CM, et al. Sport participation in colorectal cancer survivors: an unexplored approach to promoting physical activity. Lynch BM, Cerin E, Owen N, Hawkes AL, Aitken JF. Prospective relationships of physical activity with quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. Chung JY, Lee DH, Park J-H, Lee MK, Kang D-W, Min J, et al. Patterns of physical activity participation across the cancer trajectory in colorectal cancer survivors. Lawrence LM, Stone MR, Rainham DG, Keats MR. Environments associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior of colorectal cancer survivors. Int J Behav Med. Sellar CM, Bell GJ, Haennel RG, Au H-J, Chua N, Courneya KS. Feasibility and efficacy of a week supervised exercise intervention for colorectal cancer survivors. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. Chan AT, Giovannucci EL. Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. Devin JL, Sax AT, Hughes GI, Jenkins DG, Aitken JF, Chambers SK, et al. The influence of high-intensity compared with moderate-intensity exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in colorectal cancer survivors: a randomised controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv. Schmitz KH, Courneya KS, Matthews C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Galvão DA, Pinto BM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O, Gotay CC, et al. Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for cancer survivors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Grimmett C, Simon A, Lawson V, Wardle J. Diet and physical activity intervention in colorectal cancer survivors: a feasibility study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. Ballard-Barbash R, Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Siddiqi SM, McTiernan A, Alfano CM. Physical activity, biomarkers, and disease outcomes in cancer survivors: a systematic review. Morey MC, Snyder DC, Sloane R, Cohen HJ, Peterson B, Hartman TJ, et al. Effects of home-based diet and exercise on functional outcomes among older, overweight long-term cancer survivors: RENEW: a randomized controlled trial. Buffart LM, Thong MS, Schep G, Chinapaw MJ, Brug J, Van De Poll-franse LV. Self-reported physical activity: its correlates and relationship with health-related quality of life in a large cohort of colorectal cancer survivors. PLoS ONE. Ligibel JA, Meyerhardt J, Pierce JP, Najita J, Shockro L, Campbell N, et al. Impact of a telephone-based physical activity intervention upon exercise behaviors and fitness in cancer survivors enrolled in a cooperative group setting. Breast Cancer Res Treat. Cheville AL, Kollasch J, Vandenberg J, Shen T, Grothey A, Gamble G, et al. A home-based exercise program to improve function, fatigue, and sleep quality in patients with Stage IV lung and colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. Balhareth A, Aldossary MY, McNamara D. World J Surg Oncol. Husson O, Mols F, Ezendam NP, Schep G, van de Poll-Franse LV. Health-related quality of life is associated with physical activity levels among colorectal cancer survivors: a longitudinal, 3-year study of the PROFILES registry. Effects of a structured exercise program on physical activity and fitness in colon cancer survivors: one year feasibility results from the CHALLENGE trial. Silvie Grote M, editor. Cardiometabolic Health Among Cancer Survivors: A week pilot study of a combined aerobic and resistance training program. Oncol Nurs Forum ; 43 3 : — Fisher A, Wardle J, Beeken R, Croker H, Williams K, Grimmett C. Perceived barriers and benefits to physical activity in colorectal cancer patients. Cantarero-Villanueva I, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Lozano-Lozano M, Fernández-Lao C, Fernández-Pérez A, Galiano-Castillo N. Changes in pain and muscle architecture in colon cancer survivors after a lumbopelvic exercise program: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Pain Med. Chen BP, Awasthi R, Sweet SN, Minnella EM, Bergdahl A, Santa Mina D, et al. Four-week prehabilitation program is sufficient to modify exercise behaviors and improve preoperative functional walking capacity in patients with colorectal cancer. Forbes CC, Blanchard CM, Mummery WK, Courneya KS. A pilot study on the motivational effects of an internet-delivered physical activity behaviour change programme in Nova Scotian cancer survivors. Psychol Health. Brown JC, Zemel BS, Troxel AB, Rickels MR, Damjanov N, Ky B, et al. Dose—response effects of aerobic exercise on body composition among colon cancer survivors: a randomised controlled trial. Brown JC, Troxel AB, Ky B, Damjanov N, Zemel BS, Rickels MR, et al. A randomized phase II dose—response exercise trial among colon cancer survivors: purpose, study design, methods, and recruitment results. Contemp Clin Trials. Dose-response effects of aerobic exercise among colon cancer survivors: a randomized phase II trial. Clin Colorectal Cancer. Devin JL, Jenkins DG, Sax AT, Hughes GI, Aitken JF, Chambers SK, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition responses to different intensities and frequencies of exercise training in colorectal cancer survivors. Ahn K-Y, Hur H, Kim D-H, Min J, Jeong DH, Chu SH, et al. The effects of inpatient exercise therapy on the length of hospital stay in stages I-III colon cancer patients: randomized controlled trial. Int J Colorectal Dis. Onerup A, Angenete E, Bock D, Börjesson M, Olsén MF, Gillheimer EG, et al. The effect of pre-and post-operative physical activity on recovery after colorectal cancer surgery PHYSSURG-C : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Van Vulpen JK, Velthuis MJ, Steins Bisschop CN, Travier N, Van Den Buijs BJ, Backx FJ, et al. Effects of an exercise program in colon cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Morielli AR, Usmani N, Boulé NG, Tankel K, Severin D, Nijjar T, et al. A phase I study examining the feasibility and safety of an aerobic exercise intervention in patients with rectal cancer during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Oncol Nurs Forum ; 43 3 : Piringer G, Fridrik M, Fridrik A, Leiherer A, Zabernigg A, Greil R, et al. A prospective, multicenter pilot study to investigate the feasibility and safety of a 1-year controlled exercise training after adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Lin K-Y, Shun S-C, Lai Y-H, Liang J-T, Tsauo J-Y. Comparison of the effects of a supervised exercise program and usual care in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs. Mols F, Beijers AJ, Vreugdenhil G, Verhulst A, Schep G, Husson O. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, physical activity and health-related quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors from the PROFILES registry. Andersen C, Adamsen L, Moeller T, Midtgaard J, Quist M, Tveteraas A, et al. The effect of a multidimensional exercise programme on symptoms and side-effects in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy—the use of semi-structured diaries. Kim J, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Shin A, et al. Plasma inflammatory biomarkers and modifiable lifestyle factors associated with colorectal cancer risk. Clin Nutr. Fairey AS, Courneya KS, Field CJ, Bell GJ, Jones LW, Mackey JR. Randomized controlled trial of exercise and blood immune function in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Mehl KA, Davis JM, Clements JM, Berger FG, Pena MM, Carson JA. Frajacomo FT, Kannen V, Deminice R, Geraldino TH, Pereira-da-Silva G, Uyemura SA, et al. Aerobic training activates interleukin 10 for colon anticarcinogenic effects. Ghazizadeh Darband S, Saboory E, Sadighparvar S, Kaviani M, Mobaraki K, Jabbari N, et al. The modulatory effects of exercise on the inflammatory and apoptotic markers in rats with 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. DeMarzo MMP, Martins LV, Fernandes CR, Herrero FA. Exercise reduces inflammation and cell proliferation in rat colon carchnogenesis. Vigneri PG, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Massimino M, Stella S, Romano C, et al. Front Oncol. Sax AT, Jenkins DG, Devin JL, Hughes GI, Bolam KA, Skinner TL. The insulin-like growth factor axis: a biological mechanism linking physical activity to colorectal cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol. Chi F, Wu R, Zeng Y-C, Xing R, Liu Y. Circulation insulin-like growth factor peptides and colorectal cancer risk: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep. MacDonald R, Thornton W, Bean T. J Recept Res. Corpet DE, Jacquinet C, Peiffer G, Taché S. Insulin injections promote the growth of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of rats. Nutr Cancer J. Relevance of biologic markers in colorectal carcinoma: a comparative study of a broad panel. IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 and breast cancer risk: Comparison of 3 meta-analyses. Kukliński A, Kamocki Z, Cepowicz D, Gryko M, Czyżewska J, Pawlak K, et al. Relationships between insulin-like growth factor i and selected clinico-morphological parameters in colorectal cancer patients. Pol J Surg. High-risk colorectal adenomas and serum insulin-like growth factors. Br J Surg. Rarick KR, Pikosky MA, Grediagin A, Smith TJ, Glickman EL, Alemany JA, et al. Energy flux, more so than energy balance, protein intake, or fitness level, influences insulin-like growth factor-I system responses during 7 days of increased physical activity. Rosendal L, Langberg H, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Ørskov H, Kjær M. Physical capacity influences the response of insulin-like growth factor and its binding proteins to training. Santa Mina D, Connor MK, Alibhai SM, Toren P, Guglietti C, Matthew AG, et al. Exercise effects on adipokines and the IGF axis in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation: a randomized study. Can Urol Assoc J. Irwin ML, Varma K, Alvarez-Reeves M, Cadmus L, Wiley A, Chung GG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise on insulin and insulin-like growth factors in breast cancer survivors: the Yale Exercise and Survivorship study. Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Hannan PJ, Yee D. Safety and efficacy of weight training in recent breast cancer survivors to alter body composition, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor axis proteins. Effects of exercise training on fasting insulin, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factors, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Ju J, Nolan B, Cheh M, Bose M, Lin Y, Wagner GC, et al. Askari B, Bijeh N, Rashid LA. Effects of 8 weeks of resistance training and IGF-1 injection on biochemical markers of cancer and colorectal structures in rats. Med Lab J. Palmqvist R, Hallmans G, Rinaldi S, Biessy C, Stenling R, Riboli E, et al. Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study in northern Sweden. Lee DH, Kim JY, Lee MK, Lee C, Min J-H, Jeong DH, et al. Effects of a week home-based exercise program on the level of physical activity, insulin, and cytokines in colorectal cancer survivors: a pilot study. Jedinak A, Dudhgaonkar S, Sliva D. Activated macrophages induce metastatic behavior of colon cancer cells. Kang JC, Chen JS, Lee CH, Chang JJ, Shieh YS. Intratumoral macrophage counts correlate with tumor progression in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. McClellan JL, Steiner JL, Day SD, Enos RT, Davis MJ, Singh UP, et al. Int J Oncol. Kawanishi N, Yano H, Mizokami T, Takahashi M, Oyanagi E, Suzuki K. Exercise training attenuates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration during diet induced-obesity in mice. Brain Behav Immun. Rogers C, Hance K, Zaharoff D, Perkins S, Hursting S, Schlom J, et al. Exercise, alone and in combination with an anti-CEA vaccine, reduces pancreatic tumor cell growth and enhances survival in mice. Ashktorab H, Brim H. DNA methylation and colorectal cancer. Hibler E. Epigenetics and colorectal neoplasia: the evidence for physical activity and sedentary behavior. Moein S, Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Majidinia M, Nabavi SM, Yousefi B. MiRNAs and inflammatory bowel disease: an interesting new story. Ng JM-K, Yu J. Promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes as potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. Toyota M, Suzuki H, Shinomura Y. The epigenome of colorectal cancer. Simons CC, van den Brandt PA, Stehouwer CD, van Engeland M, Weijenberg MP. Body size, physical activity, early-life energy restriction, and associations with methylated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein genes in colorectal cancer. Gay LJ, Arends MJ, Mitrou PN, Bowman R, Ibrahim AE, Happerfield L, et al. MLH1 promoter methylation, diet, and lifestyle factors in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer patients from EPIC-Norfolk. Slattery ML, Curtin K, Sweeney C, Levin TR, Potter J, Wolff RK, et al. Diet and lifestyle factor associations with CpG island methylator phenotype and BRAF mutations in colon cancer. Nakajima K, Takeoka M, Mori M, Hashimoto S, Sakurai A, Nose H, et al. Exercise effects on methylation of ASC gene. Int J Sports Med. Tonevitsky AG, Maltseva DV, Abbasi A, Samatov TR, Sakharov DA, Shkurnikov MU, et al. Dynamically regulated miRNA-mRNA networks revealed by exercise. BMC Physiol. Nielsen S, Åkerström T, Rinnov A, Yfanti C, Scheele C, Pedersen BK, et al. The miRNA plasma signature in response to acute aerobic exercise and endurance training. Kriska A, Jung P, Moody L, Emmons R, Xu G, De Lisio M, et al. Regulation of microRNA through diet and exercise. Foster-Schubert KE, McTiernan A, Frayo RS, Schwartz RS, Rajan KB, Yasui Y, et al. Human plasma ghrelin levels increase during a one-year exercise program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Pérusse L, Collier G, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Rao D, Skinner JS, et al. Acute and chronic effects of exercise on leptin levels in humans. Amemori S, Ootani A, Aoki S, Fujise T, Shimoda R, Kakimoto T, et al. Adipocytes and preadipocytes promote the proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Gastroint Liver Physiol. Kim ES, Im JA, Kim KC, Park JH, Suh SH, Kang ES, et al. Improved insulin sensitivity and adiponectin level after exercise training in obese Korean youth. Nuri R, Moghaddasi M, Darvishi H, Izadpanah A. Effect of aerobic exercise on leptin and ghrelin in patients with colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther. Perše M, Injac R, Štrukelj B, Cerar A. High fat mixed lipid diet modifies protective effects of exercise on 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer in rats. Technol Cancer Res Treat. Karimian A, Mir SM, Parsian H, Refieyan S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Yousefi B, et al. J Cell Biochem. Majidinia M, Alizadeh E, Yousefi B, Akbarzadeh M, Mihanfar A, Rahmati-Yamchi M, et al. Co-inhibition of notch and nf-κb signaling pathway decreases proliferation through downregulating iκb-α and hes-1 expression in human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells. Yousefi B, Zarghami N, Samadi N, Majidinia M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands in cancer drug-resistance: opportunity or challenge. Anti-Cancer Agents Med Chem Form Curr Med Chem-Anti-Cancer Agents. Klaus A, Birchmeier W. Wnt signalling and its impact on development and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Yamauchi M, Meyerhardt JA, Shima K, Nosho K, et al. Association of CTNNB1 β-catenin alterations, body mass index, and physical activity with survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Chiarotto JA, Akbarali R, Bellotti L, Dranitsaris G. A structured group exercise program for patients with metastatic cancer receiving chemotherapy and CTNNB1 β-catenin as a biomarker of exercise efficacy. Cancer management and research. Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Lochhead P, Nishihara R, Yamauchi M, Imamura Y, et al. Prospective analysis of body mass index, physical activity, and colorectal cancer risk associated with β-catenin CTNNB1 status. Can Res. Download references. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. MA wrote the article and prepared the table; RA and SA prepared the figures and revised the article. All the authors studied and approved the final manuscript. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used. Correspondence to Shabnam Akbarzadeh. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and permissions. Amirsasan, R. Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 22 , Download citation. Received : 03 April Accepted : 02 August Published : 09 August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence rate of various chronic diseases especially numerous human malignancies. Key points Exercise is an effective post-treatment management program in colorectal cancer survivals Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor IGF system, inflammation, apoptosis, immunity, epigenetic, Leptin and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are major underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer. Introduction Colorectal cancer CRC is one the most frequently occurred cancer types among various populations. Table 1 Positive effects of exercise training and physical activity in colorectal cancer patients and animal models Full size table. Exercise and cancer There are various mechanisms responsible for the preventive and therapeutic effects of exercise and physical activity on cancer [ 30 ]. molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of exercise in cancer. Full size image. Exercise in colorectal cancer survivals Due to the high importance of post-treatment for cancer survivors, sufficient post-treatment management is considered as one of the most important issues for improving the health and quality of life of survivors [ 75 ]. Table 2 The positive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer survivors Full size table. Exercise during treatment Surgical process and chemotherapy are two main therapeutic strategies in treating CRC patients. Molecular mechanisms Recent years have witnessed a huge increase in the number of clinical trials focusing on the efficacy of various types of exercise programs in the treatment of CRC. Table 3 Clinical trials investigating positive roles of exercise training in colorectal cancer Full size table. molecular mechanisms of preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer. Future directions There are several gaps in evidence identified in this review that deserve attention. Conclusion The health beneficial effects of exercise and physical activity have been proven and considered for many years and recent decades are witnessed with an increased number of studies investigating the effects of exercise and physical activity in preventing and treating various human malignancies, including CRC. Availability of data and materials Not applicable. References Kasi A, Handa S, Bhatti S, Umar S, Bansal A, Sun W. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Safiri S, Sepanlou SG, Ikuta KS, Bisignano C, Salimzadeh H, Delavari A, et al. Article Google Scholar Mustafa M, Menon J, Muniandy R, Illzam E, Shah M, Sharifa A. Article Google Scholar Nourazarian SM, Nourazarian A, Majidinia M, Roshaniasl E. Article Google Scholar Johnson CM, Wei C, Ensor JE, Smolenski DJ, Amos CI, Levin B, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Perše M. Article CAS Google Scholar Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Yousefi B, Kaviani M, Ghaderi-Pakdel F, Mihanfar A, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Soleimani A, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Article CAS Google Scholar Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Darband SG, Kaviani M, Mihanfar A, Attari JA, Yousefi B, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Damin DC, Lazzaron AR. Article PubMed Google Scholar LaVoy EC, Fagundes CP, Dantzer R. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Stout NL, Baima J, Swisher AK, Winters-Stone KM, Welsh J. Article Google Scholar Yousefi B, Samadi N, Baradaran B, Rameshknia V, Shafiei-Irannejad V, Majidinia M, et al. CAS Google Scholar Colbert LH, Hartman TJ, Malila N, Limburg PJ, Pietinen P, Virtamo J, et al. CAS Google Scholar Thune I, Furberg A-S. Article CAS Google Scholar Chao A, Connell CJ, Jacobs EJ, McCullough ML, Patel AV, Calle EE, et al. Article Google Scholar Calton BA, Lacey JV Jr, Schatzkin A, Schairer C, Colbert LH, Albanes D, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Mai PL, Sullivan-Halley J, Ursin G, Stram DO, Deapen D, Villaluna D, et al. Article Google Scholar Coups EJ, Hay J, Ford JS. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Butler SM. Article PubMed Google Scholar Sanchez NF, Stierman B, Saab S, Mahajan D, Yeung H, Francois F. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kuiper JG, Phipps AI, Neuhouser ML, Chlebowski RT, Thomson CA, Irwin ML, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Simons CC, Hughes LA, Van Engeland M, Goldbohm RA, Van Den Brandt PA, Weijenberg MP. Article PubMed Google Scholar Moore SC, Lee I-M, Weiderpass E, Campbell PT, Sampson JN, Kitahara CM, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Leitzmann M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Mahmood S, English DR, MacInnis RJ, Karahalios A, Owen N, Milne RL, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Baltgalvis KA, Berger FG, Peña MMO, Davis JM, Carson JA. Article CAS Google Scholar Kelly SA, Zhao L, Jung K-C, Hua K, Threadgill DW, Kim Y, et al. Article CAS Google Scholar Lee J, Lim F, Silva MF, Lee D. Google Scholar Majidinia M, Alizadeh E, Yousefi B, Akbarzadeh M, Zarghami N. Article CAS Google Scholar Xie L, Jiang Y, Ouyang P, Chen J, Doan H, Herndon B, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Zhu Z, Jiang W, Zacher JH, Neil ES, McGinley JN, Thompson HJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Kalaany NY, Sabatini DM. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Standard J, Jiang Y, Yu M, Su X, Zhao Z, Xu J, et al. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Leung P-S, Aronson WJ, Ngo TH, Golding LA, Barnard RJ. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Piguet A-C, Saran U, Simillion C, Keller I, Terracciano L, Reeves HL, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jiang W, Zhu Z, Thompson HJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Zhu Z, Jiang W, Sells JL, Neil ES, McGinley JN, Thompson HJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Khori V, Shalamzari SA, Isanejad A, Alizadeh AM, Alizadeh S, Khodayari S, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Barnard RJ, Leung PS, Aronson WJ, Cohen P, Golding LA. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Zheng X, Cui X-X, Huang M-T, Liu Y, Shih WJ, Lin Y, et al. PubMed Google Scholar Hojman P, Dethlefsen C, Brandt C, Hansen J, Pedersen L, Pedersen BK. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Betof AS, Lascola CD, Weitzel D, Landon C, Scarbrough PM, Devi GR, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Zheng X, Cui X-X, Huang M-T, Liu Y, Wagner GC, Lin Y, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Higgins KA, Park D, Lee GY, Curran WJ, Deng X. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar McCullough DJ, Stabley JN, Siemann DW, Behnke BJ. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Jones LW, Viglianti BL, Tashjian JA, Kothadia SM, Keir ST, Freedland SJ, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Jones LW, Antonelli J, Masko EM, Broadwater G, Lascola CD, Fels D, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Verma VK, Singh V, Singh MP, Singh SM. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Shalamzari SA, Agha-Alinejad H, Alizadeh S, Shahbazi S, Khatib ZK, Kazemi A, et al. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Tsai M-S, Kuo M-L, Chang C-C, Wu Y-T. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Perera PS, Thompson RL, Wiseman MJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Boyle T. Article Google Scholar Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA, Lee I. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Samad A, Taylor R, Marshall T, Chapman MA. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Otto S, Korfage I, Polinder S, van der Heide A, de Vries E, Rietjens J, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Pham NM, Mizoue T, Tanaka K, Tsuji I, Tamakoshi A, Matsuo K, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Boyle T, Keegel T, Bull F, Heyworth J, Fritschi L. Article PubMed Google Scholar Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lee I-M, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hsieh C-C. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Marcus PM, Newcomb PA, Storer BE. CAS Google Scholar Larsson SC, Rutegård J, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Article PubMed Google Scholar Howard RA, Freedman DM, Park Y, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A, Leitzmann MF. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kuehl R, Scharhag-Rosenberger F, Schommer K, Schmidt ME, Dreger P, Huber G, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Slattery ML. Article PubMed Google Scholar Slattery ML, Edwards SL, Khe-Ni M, Friedman GD, Potter JD. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Slattery ML, Jacobs DR Jr. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Neilson HK, Matthews CE, Willis G, Irwin M, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Lynch BM. Article Google Scholar Boyle T, Fritschi L, Heyworth J, Bull F. Article PubMed Google Scholar Powell KE, Paluch AE, Blair SN. Article PubMed Google Scholar Whittemore AS, Wu-Williams AH, Lee M, Shu Z, Gallagher RP, Deng-ao J, et al. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Article PubMed Google Scholar Haggstrom DA, Arora NK, Helft P, Clayman ML, Oakley-Girvan I. Article PubMed Central Google Scholar McGowan EL, Speed-Andrews AE, Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Culos-Reed SN, Friedenreich CM, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Lynch BM, Cerin E, Owen N, Hawkes AL, Aitken JF. Article PubMed Google Scholar Chung JY, Lee DH, Park J-H, Lee MK, Kang D-W, Min J, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Lawrence LM, Stone MR, Rainham DG, Keats MR. Article PubMed Google Scholar Sellar CM, Bell GJ, Haennel RG, Au H-J, Chua N, Courneya KS. Article PubMed Google Scholar Chan AT, Giovannucci EL. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Devin JL, Sax AT, Hughes GI, Jenkins DG, Aitken JF, Chambers SK, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Schmitz KH, Courneya KS, Matthews C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Galvão DA, Pinto BM, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O, Gotay CC, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Grimmett C, Simon A, Lawson V, Wardle J. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ballard-Barbash R, Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Siddiqi SM, McTiernan A, Alfano CM. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Morey MC, Snyder DC, Sloane R, Cohen HJ, Peterson B, Hartman TJ, et al. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Buffart LM, Thong MS, Schep G, Chinapaw MJ, Brug J, Van De Poll-franse LV. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ligibel JA, Meyerhardt J, Pierce JP, Najita J, Shockro L, Campbell N, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Cheville AL, Kollasch J, Vandenberg J, Shen T, Grothey A, Gamble G, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar Balhareth A, Aldossary MY, McNamara D. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Husson O, Mols F, Ezendam NP, Schep G, van de Poll-Franse LV. Article Google Scholar Silvie Grote M, editor. Oncol Nurs Forum ; 43 3 : — Fisher A, Wardle J, Beeken R, Croker H, Williams K, Grimmett C. Article PubMed Google Scholar Cantarero-Villanueva I, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Lozano-Lozano M, Fernández-Lao C, Fernández-Pérez A, Galiano-Castillo N. Article PubMed Google Scholar Chen BP, Awasthi R, Sweet SN, Minnella EM, Bergdahl A, Santa Mina D, et al. PDF Version of Record © The Author s Check full text DOI Published version : The mechanisms through which exercise reduces tumour growth remain incompletely understood, but an intriguing and accumulating body of evidence suggests that the incubation of cancer cells with post-exercise serum can have powerful effects on key hallmarks of cancer cell behaviour in vitro. This suggests that exercise can impact tumour biology through direct changes in circulating proteins, RNA molecules and metabolites. Here, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of what is known about the effects of exercise-conditioned sera on in vitro cancer cell behaviour. In doing so, we consider the key limitations of the current body of literature, both from the perspective of exercise physiology and cancer biology, and we discuss the potential in vivo physiological relevance of these findings. We propose key opportunities for future research in an area that has the potential to identify key anti-oncogenic protein targets and optimise physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention, treatment and survivorship. Journal Article European Journal of Applied Physiology Springer Science and Business Media LLC Exercise; Physical activity; Cancer prevention; Cancer therapy; Cancer cell growth; Cancer cell proliferation; Cancer cell apoptosis; Exercise-conditioned serum 1 8 Ruffino 6 Gill Conway 7 Giusy Tornillo 8 Samuel T. pdf pdf T Ruffino Gill Conway Giusy Tornillo Samuel T. Similar Items The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review by: Gill Conway, et al. Published: No thermoregulatory or ergogenic effect of dietary nitrate among physically inactive males, exercising above gas exchange threshold in hot and dry conditions by: Shane Heffernan, et al. Published: Effects of Heat Acclimation and Acclimatisation on Maximal Aerobic Capacity Compared to Exercise Alone in Both Thermoneutral and Hot Environments: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression by: Mark Waldron, et al. Published: Effects of exercise training on metabolic syndrome risk factors in post-menopausal women — A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials by: Becky Thomas, et al. Published: Exercise Guidelines to Promote Cardiometabolic Health in Spinal Cord Injured Humans: Time to Raise the Intensity? by: Richard Metcalfe Published: |
Ich entschuldige mich, aber es kommt mir nicht heran.
Dieser ausgezeichnete Gedanke fällt gerade übrigens
Nach meiner Meinung Sie haben betrogen, wie des Kindes.
Ich entschuldige mich, aber meiner Meinung nach irren Sie sich. Ich biete es an, zu besprechen. Schreiben Sie mir in PM.