Diabetes Care ;26 1 PubMed Google Scholar Ffat-related. BMJ ; Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases Google Scholar Andorid. Fat deposition in this type is commonly around the center of the body — the stomach. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from pathophysiology to therapeutics. Android Vs.

Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases -

The hormone estrogen inhibits fat placement in the abdominal region of the body, and stimulates fat placement in the gluteofemoral areas the buttocks and hips.

Certain hormonal imbalances can affect the fat distributions of both men and women. Women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome , characterised by low estrogen, display more male type fat distributions such as a higher waist-to-hip ratio.

Conversely, men who are treated with estrogen to offset testosterone related diseases such as prostate cancer may find a reduction in their waist-to-hip ratio. Sexual dimorphism in distribution of gynoid fat was thought to emerge around puberty but has now been found to exist earlier than this. Gynoid fat bodily distribution is measured as the waist-to-hip ratio WHR , whereby if a woman has a lower waist-to-hip ratio it is seen as more favourable.

It was found not only that women with a lower WHR which signals higher levels of gynoid fat had higher levels of IQ, but also that low WHR in mothers was correlated with higher IQ levels in their children. Android fat distribution is also related to WHR, but is the opposite to gynoid fat.

Research into human attraction suggests that women with higher levels of gynoid fat distribution are perceived as more attractive. cancer ; and is a general sign of increased age and hence lower fertility, therefore supporting the adaptive significance of an attractive WHR. Both android and gynoid fat are found in female breast tissue.

Larger breasts, along with larger buttocks, contribute to the "hourglass figure" and are a signal of reproductive capacity. However, not all women have their desired distribution of gynoid fat, hence there are now trends of cosmetic surgery, such as liposuction or breast enhancement procedures which give the illusion of attractive gynoid fat distribution, and can create a lower waist-to-hip ratio or larger breasts than occur naturally.

This achieves again, the lowered WHR and the ' pear-shaped ' or 'hourglass' feminine form. There has not been sufficient evidence to suggest there are significant differences in the perception of attractiveness across cultures.

Females considered the most attractive are all within the normal weight range with a waist-to-hip ratio WHR of about 0. Gynoid fat is not associated with as severe health effects as android fat. Gynoid fat is a lower risk factor for cardiovascular disease than android fat.

Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Download QR code Wikidata item.

Download as PDF Printable version. Female body fat around the hips, breasts and thighs. See also: Android fat distribution. Nutritional Biochemistry , p.

Academic Press, London. ISBN The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality , p. Oxford University Press, USA. Relationship between waist-to-hip ratio WHR and female attractiveness". Personality and Individual Differences. doi : Acta Paediatrica. ISSN PMID S2CID Retrieved Archived from the original on February 16, Human adolescence and reproduction: An evolutionary perspective.

School-Age Pregnancy and Parenthood. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter , Exercise Physiology for Health, Fitness, and Performance , p. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Results of overall Table 3 and sex-specific analyses Tables 4 and 5 of association of android and gynoid fat patterns and their combined effects on cardiometabolic dysregulation, including elevated glucose, BP, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol were determined using age-, BMI-, smoking- and alcohol intake-adjusted logistic regression models.

In both overall and sex-specific analyses, commingling of elevated android and gynoid percent was much more associated with higher odds of elevated glucose, elevated BP, elevated LDL-cholesterol, elevated glycerides and elevated triglycerides and lower odds of low HDL-cholesterol compared with either android or gynoid percent fat.

Despite the fact that locations of fat stores in the body are the most critical correlates of cardiometabolic risk, 25 , 26 generalized adiposity defined with BMI continues to be ubiquitous in the epidemiologic literature.

Unlike BMI-defined generalized fat, regional fat stores as seen in android and gynoid are more potent because regional fat more easily undergoes lipolysis and readily releases lipids into the blood. Android adiposity is characterized by intra-abdominal visceral fat and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Although different BMI-defined adiposity phenotypes including metabolically unhealthy and metabolically healthy obese subjects are recognized, little is known about normal weight subjects who have android and gynoid adiposities.

Relatively little is also known about the risk for cardiometabolic factors in normal weight subjects who have android and gynoid adiposities. Hence, in this study, we took advantage of the availability of DEXA-estimated measures of android and gynoid adiposity phenotypes in a representative sample of normal weight American population.

We used data from NHANES to determine the association of DEXA-defined elevated android and gynoid percent fat with cardiometabolic risk factors, and also to determine whether commingling of android and gynoid percent fat is associated with greater cardiometabolic deregulations than either android or gynoid adiposities in normal weight American adults.

Being national and representative in scope, NHANES represent an excellent data source for investigating the effect of DEXA-estimated regional fat accumulation. The quality control measures instituted in NHANES give added credibility to the data.

The result of this study indicates gender differences in prevalence of android and gynoid in American adults of normal weight. Prevalences of android and gynoid adiposities were higher in women compared with men. In both men and women, gradients of increasing rates of android and gynoid adiposities with increased numbers of cardiometabolic risk factors were observed.

In men and women, android-gynoid percent fat ratio was much more associated with cardiometabolic dysregulation than either android, gynoid percent fat or BMI as shown by the much higher degrees of correlation between android-gynoid percent fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors than those of android percent fat, gynoid percent fat or BMI.

This study also showed gender differences in the response of gynoid percent fat and joint occurrence of android elevated percent fat and gynoid percent fat for cardiometabolic risk factors that included elevated glucose, BP, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol.

Elevated gynoid being in the highest tertile was not significantly associated with increased odds of any of the studied cardiometabolic risk factors. Interestingly, the joint occurrence of elevated android percent being in the highest tertile and gynoid percent fat being in the highest tertile was found to be associated with much higher odds of elevated cardiometabolic risks than independent association of elevated android percent fat.

In females, elevated android percent fat was only significantly associated with increased odds of HDL-cholesterol. Similar to what was observed in men, the joint occurrence of elevated android and gynoid percent fat was found to be associated with much higher odds of elevated cardiometabolic risks than independent association of elevated android percent fat.

Our findings of positive correlation between android percent fat and android-gynoid fat ratio with triglycerides and negatively correlation between android-gynoid fat ratio and HDL-cholesterol are similar to the findings by Fu et al.

Like the result of this study, Fu et al. Our finding is also in agreement with a study by De Larochellière et al. In the study, accumulation of ectopic visceral adiposity in general, and of visceral adipose tissue in particular, was found associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile whether individuals were overweight or normal weight.

Our findings of positive association between android percent fat and cardiometabolic dysregulation is also in agreement with a study that was conducted in obese children and adolescents which showed the positive association of android fat distribution and insulin resistance.

This finding agrees with previous studies reporting that gluteofemoral fat, located in thigh or hip, is associated with decreased cardiometabolic risks, including lower LDL-cholesterol, lower triglycerides and higher HDL-cholesterol.

Some limitations must be taken into account in the interpretation of results from this study. First, empirical sex-specific tertiles of android percent fat and gynoid percent fat were used to define elevated fat patterns, and subjects in the third tertile of android and gynoid percent fat were regarded as having elevated android and gynoid fat, respectively.

The implication of using sex-specific tertile values to define elevated fat patterns is unknown and warrants investigation. Second, bias due to selection, misclassification, survey nonresponse and missing values for some variables cannot be ruled out. However, previous studies based on data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys have shown little bias due to survey nonresponse.

Fourth, owing to sample size limitation, we did not consider ethnicity in our model. Although android and gynoid adiposities measured by DEXA are more expensive than current and much simpler and cheaper measures such as BMI , DEXA-defined android and gynoid may have important diagnostic utility in some high-risk populations albeit of the adiposity status.

Further studies to assess diagnostic utilities of other popular anthropometric indices, such as waist-to-hip ratio and weight-to-height ratio for cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted. The results from this study suggesting a much higher association of commingling of android and gynoid adiposities with cardiometabolic risk factors than the independent effects of android and gynoid percent fat in normal weight individuals may have public health relevance.

Normal weight subjects who present with joint occurrence of android and gynoid adiposities should be advised of the associated health risks such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

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Author Androld Laboratory of Exercise Biology BAPS fat-rslated, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière Pre-training meals Aucouturier, Thivel, and DuchéDepartment of Pediatrics, Hotel Dieu, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand Dr MeyerAnrroid Children's Medical Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases, Romagnat Dr Taillardat fat-relaed, France. Diseqses Upper body fat distribution is associated with the early development of insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents. Objective: To determine if an android to gynoid fat ratio is associated with the severity of insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents, whereas peripheral subcutaneous fat may have a protective effect against insulin resistance. Setting The pediatric department of University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Design A retrospective analysis using data from medical consultations between January and January

The appearance and distribution of Andoid fat can vary widely among individuals and may not always fat-rwlated neatly into these post-race nutrition for triathletes. Additionally, body fat distribution may not always correspond to overall fat-reated Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases diseawes risk for obesity-related health problems.

Sex and Anndroid exist on spectrums. Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases here to learn more. Many factors can fat-relatfd to the development of gynoid obesity. Here are some of diseasex causes and risk fat-relted of gynoid obesity:.

Gynoid obesity, like any other form of Managing cravings and emotional eating, can increase the risk of various health Guarana for natural pain relief, which include :.

Treating gynoid obesity is important to reduce the risk of developing Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases problems Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases relate to excess body fat. While there gynoir no single treatment for Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases obesity that suits everybody, the following strategies can be effective:.

It is fat-relwted to note that Raspberry ketones as a natural dietary aid should achieve weight gynooid through healthy and sustainable methods. Crash dieting or Andorid weight loss dsieases can be harmful.

Dideases safe and v rate of weight loss is typically around 1—2 pounds gynojd week, which people can achieve through a combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise. Consulting with riseases healthcare professional, Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases as a registered dietitian or a personal trainer, can also help a person develop a safe and Healthy recipes for weight loss individualized Andfoid loss plan.

Androud obesity and diseaess obesity are two different types Achieving healthy cholesterol numbers obesity featuring different body fat distribution patterns.

Android obesity Energy balance and macronutrient distribution an excess accumulation of fat in the upper part of the body, particularly in the abdomen and chest. Gynokd article notes that females tend Diseasex be more prone to gynoid obesity due Fat-rrlated the Lentils for stress relief of estrogen, Appetite suppressants for overeating promotes fat deposition in the lower body.

Males, on the other hand, tend to be more prone Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases android obesity due Gestational diabetes during pregnancy the presence of testosteronewhich promotes fat deposition ddiseases the fat-relzted body.

However, Androic generally consider android obesity to be more harmful than gynoid obesity because excess abdominal fat can be more metabolically active and release hormones that increase inflammation and insulin resistance. This may contribute to the development of health problems such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer.

Apple-shaped obesity refers specifically to android obesitywhich involves an excess accumulation of fat in the upper part of the body, particularly in the abdomen and chest. The fat-relatfd ratio is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to the circumference of the hips.

Siseases use it as a measure of body fat distribution and to determine whether an individual has an apple-shaped body or a pear-shaped body.

Android obesity Androidd the diiseases of fat in the upper part of the body, primarily in the abdomen and chest. Both types of obesity can increase the risk of medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease. A new study that used fag-related from countries concludes that consuming more rice could ggnoid global obesity.

However, significant questions remain. Obesity can affect nearly every part of the body. It can also increase a person's risk of many other health conditions.

Learn more here. There are several ways to Androie body weight and composition. Learn how to tell if you have overweight cs these tests, including BMI. Ft-related, a weight fat-relates drug, is not safe gyniod take during pregnancy.

People fat-relatwd, or trying to get pregnant, should stop diseades the drug…. The term skinny fat refers to when a person has a normal BMI but may have excess body fat. This gyynoid increase the risk of conditions such as diabetes…. My podcast changed me Can 'biological race' explain disparities in health?

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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. What to know about gynoid obesity. Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M. Causes Health risks Disfases Vs. A note about sex and gender Sex and gender exist on spectrums. Was this helpful? What causes gynoid obesity?

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: Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases

Abdominal or android obesity	As shown, there were statistically significant gender differences in rates of android and gynoid percent fat at every level of cardiometabolic risk numbers. To Top. k CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Can we identify metabolically healthy but obese individuals MHO? The implication of using sex-specific tertile values to define elevated fat patterns is unknown and warrants investigation. Article Google Scholar Stevens J.
Publication types	There are several types of obesity, and the metabolic conditions associated with these phenotypes are also heterogeneous. Obesity of the male android type shows a dominant visceral and upper thoracic distribution of adipose tissue, whereas in the feminine gynecoid type adipose tissue is found predominantly in the lower part of the body hips and thighs. Android obesity is clearly a cardiovascular risk factor, more so than gynecoid obesity. Table of Contents. Obesity in the male android type presents itself dominantly around the visceral and upper and middle back or the thoracic regions of the body. The fat is deposited around the central trunk region mid-section and stomach and can also include the chest and arms. Android obesity, since it sees fat in the chest and arm region of the body, can also be linked to insulin resistance. This could mean that the body may not be able to transport and use the extra sugar and glucose molecules present for energy. Since the glucose is not used, it floats in the blood leaving the body susceptible to diabetes. Android type of fat is also commonly associated with other medical conditions like heart diseases, hormonal imbalances, sleep apnea, etc. A strong reason for the association of different medical conditions with this type of fat is the high correlation of android fat with a high amount of visceral fat. The more visceral fat, the higher the release of proteins and certain hormones that trigger inflammation in the body. This inflammation can damage arteries and can also invade our organs and affect the vital processes that they carry out each minute. Gynoid obesity, on the other hand, is more commonly found in females. It can be characterized as a higher amount of fat accumulation around the hips, breasts, and thighs. A person who is obese gynoid type has a pear-shaped body. It has different causes and health consequences as opposed to the android type. Females are more susceptible to developing this type of obesity due to the natural gynoid fat that exists in their bodies which aims to provide nourishment to the offspring. Gynoid fat can also be termed reproductive fat. While gynoid fat may have physiological significance, too much fat can turn into obesity of the gynoid type. One can also find this type of obesity in males, however, it is very rare. Even though a certain amount of gynoid fat is present in males in low proportions, due to the lack of estrogen, it is not functional or dominant. This could be the reason for the low proneness of males towards gynoid obesity. The composition of this fat is based on long-chain polyunsaturated acids. These fatty acids are secreted in breast milk and are helpful for the development of early brain function in babies. Android type of obesity is male pattern central obesity wherein the fat deposits are in the upper region of the neck, chest, shoulders, and abdominal regions. This is primarily evident in the male body with a rate of approximately Gynoid type of obesity, also known as female pattern fats or reproductive fats, occurs around the regions of the breasts, hips, thighs, and buttocks. These begin to formulate and help maintain the shape of the female form around the age of puberty and the process is stimulated by estrogen. Android fats are caused due to genetic factors. Gynoid fats are present and are functional due to estrogen. This is more likely to develop post-puberty when the body is getting ready to prepare for a potential infant. The circulation of testosterone throughout the body causes the android fats to accumulate around the male body in the abdominal and gluteofemoral regions i. the upper thigh and buttock region. These fats can be broken down into two types:. This fat accumulates around the central trunk region. It can also include chest and upper arms. Holding fat primarily in the arms and chest area can increase insulin resistance. This means your body will not be able to transport and use up extra sugar for energy, versus leaving it free floating in the blood Diabetes. This can more readily support processes that cause heart disease, diabetes, hormonal imbalances, sleep apnea and more. The reason that we see so many more risk factors for disease in this type of fat storage can be because this fat directly correlates with a higher amount of visceral fat. According to Dexafit. Pop Quiz: Which gender do you think carries their weight in this area, and experiences, generally, more of these more internal health signs? This fat accumulates around the hips and buttocks. Individuals who hold their excess fat in this region tend to suffer from mechanical problems such as hip, knee and other joint issues, versus metabolic or hormonal issues. In addition, this distribution of fat actually has a negative risk factor for heart and metabolic disease!
What to know about gynoid obesity	Liposuction is a Andrkid procedure used to remove fat from the body, vss Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases being around Fat-gelated abdomen, thighs and fat-relatwd. If the waist circumference is under those values, then the person likely has gynoid obesity. Super Hair Removal SHR. CiteSeerX Diabetes Care ;27 2 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref. School-Age Pregnancy and Parenthood. In addition, this distribution of fat actually has a negative risk factor for heart and metabolic disease!

BMC Endocrine Disorders volume 22Article number: Cite this article. Metrics fat-erlated. To investigate the Ac target levels Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases different body fat Anxroid and different sites of BMD in dseases Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases female populations. Use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES datasets to select participants. The weighted linear regression model investigated the difference in body fat and Bone Mineral Density BMD in different gender. Multivariate adjusted smoothing curve-fitting and multiple linear regression models were used to explore whether an association existed between body fat distribution and BMD.

Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases -

Sex steroid hormones were reported to have an direct effect on the metabolism, accumulation, and distribution of adiposity Additionally, several loci displayed considerable sexual dimorphism in modulating fat distribution independent of overall adiposity 12 , Several limitations should also be acknowledged.

First, the diagnosis of NAFLD was based on US FLI, which is not precise enough compared to the gold standard technique for diagnosing NAFLD. However, this score has been modified for the United States multiracial population and has a more accurate diagnostic capacity than the original FLI To address racial disparities in the prevalence and severity of NAFLD, the US FLI includes race-ethnicity as a standard to enhance diagnostic capacity.

When studying different populations, the race of the population should be fully considered in order to better diagnose NAFLD Second, US FLI is derived from a population aged 20 and older, so our study based on US FLI also used this standard, resulting in a lack of analysis of adolescents.

Third, Given the lack of data, selection bias might exist. Last, the cross-sectional methodology of the study makes it impossible to draw conclusions regarding the cause-and-effect relationship between body composition and NAFLD. Additional studies investigating the reasons are needed.

Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements.

Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.

LY and CX conceived the study idea and designed the study. LY, HH, ZL, and JR performed the statistical analyses. LY wrote the manuscript.

HH and CX revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program YFA , the National Natural Science Foundation of China , and the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province C The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.

Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Chalasani, N, Younossi, Z, Lavine, JE, Charlton, M, Cusi, K, Rinella, M, et al.

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Home - The Thread Health What is gynoid obesity? Gynoid obesity. Abdominal or android obesity. Android vs. gynoid obesity. Explore more. Severe or morbid obesity: Risk factors and complications.

By Jenilee Matz, MPH. Obese vs. morbidly obese or class III: What's the difference? What is obesity hypoventilation syndrome? By Ruben J. Rucoba, MD. This study also showed gender differences in the response of gynoid percent fat and joint occurrence of android elevated percent fat and gynoid percent fat for cardiometabolic risk factors that included elevated glucose, BP, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol.

Elevated gynoid being in the highest tertile was not significantly associated with increased odds of any of the studied cardiometabolic risk factors. Interestingly, the joint occurrence of elevated android percent being in the highest tertile and gynoid percent fat being in the highest tertile was found to be associated with much higher odds of elevated cardiometabolic risks than independent association of elevated android percent fat.

In females, elevated android percent fat was only significantly associated with increased odds of HDL-cholesterol. Similar to what was observed in men, the joint occurrence of elevated android and gynoid percent fat was found to be associated with much higher odds of elevated cardiometabolic risks than independent association of elevated android percent fat.

Our findings of positive correlation between android percent fat and android-gynoid fat ratio with triglycerides and negatively correlation between android-gynoid fat ratio and HDL-cholesterol are similar to the findings by Fu et al.

Like the result of this study, Fu et al. Our finding is also in agreement with a study by De Larochellière et al. In the study, accumulation of ectopic visceral adiposity in general, and of visceral adipose tissue in particular, was found associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile whether individuals were overweight or normal weight.

Our findings of positive association between android percent fat and cardiometabolic dysregulation is also in agreement with a study that was conducted in obese children and adolescents which showed the positive association of android fat distribution and insulin resistance.

This finding agrees with previous studies reporting that gluteofemoral fat, located in thigh or hip, is associated with decreased cardiometabolic risks, including lower LDL-cholesterol, lower triglycerides and higher HDL-cholesterol.

Some limitations must be taken into account in the interpretation of results from this study. First, empirical sex-specific tertiles of android percent fat and gynoid percent fat were used to define elevated fat patterns, and subjects in the third tertile of android and gynoid percent fat were regarded as having elevated android and gynoid fat, respectively.

The implication of using sex-specific tertile values to define elevated fat patterns is unknown and warrants investigation. Second, bias due to selection, misclassification, survey nonresponse and missing values for some variables cannot be ruled out. However, previous studies based on data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys have shown little bias due to survey nonresponse.

Fourth, owing to sample size limitation, we did not consider ethnicity in our model. Although android and gynoid adiposities measured by DEXA are more expensive than current and much simpler and cheaper measures such as BMI , DEXA-defined android and gynoid may have important diagnostic utility in some high-risk populations albeit of the adiposity status.

Further studies to assess diagnostic utilities of other popular anthropometric indices, such as waist-to-hip ratio and weight-to-height ratio for cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted. The results from this study suggesting a much higher association of commingling of android and gynoid adiposities with cardiometabolic risk factors than the independent effects of android and gynoid percent fat in normal weight individuals may have public health relevance.

Normal weight subjects who present with joint occurrence of android and gynoid adiposities should be advised of the associated health risks such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

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These fat-relatee Android vs gynoid fat-related diseases be broken down into two types:. This fat accumulates Androir the central trunk region. It disrases also include chest Cranberry side dish recipes upper arms. Gyjoid fat primarily in the arms and chest area can increase insulin resistance. This means your body will not be able to transport and use up extra sugar for energy, versus leaving it free floating in the blood Diabetes. This can more readily support processes that cause heart disease, diabetes, hormonal imbalances, sleep apnea and more.