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Download references. This work is in part supported by a grant from Swiss National Science Foundation Grant no. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Abdul G.

Reprints and permissions. Dulloo, A. Adaptive Thermogenesis in Resistance to Obesity Therapies: Issues in Quantifying Thrifty Energy Expenditure Phenotypes in Humans. Curr Obes Rep 4 , — Download citation. Published : 01 April Issue Date : June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Abstract Dieting and exercise are likely to remain the core approaches in the management of obesity in the foreseeable future despite their well-documented failures for achieving long-term weight loss.

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Adaptive thermogenesis is defined as lower than predicted post-absorptive resting energy expenditure REE during energy deficit, and higher than predicted REE during over-feeding [ 1 ]. The main determinant of adaptive thermogenesis is change in energy balance, changes in energy balance drive the amount and direction positive or negative of adaptive thermogenesis [ 2 ].

Adaptive thermogenesis is most pronounced during an energy deficit and less pronounced or non-existent during over-feeding [ 3 , 4 ]. A recent review of 29 studies on weight-loss induced adaptive thermogenesis concluded that, although weight-loss may lead to adaptive thermogenesis, high-quality studies are warranted not only to disclose the existence but also to understand its clinical implication on weight management outcomes [ 5 ].

Here, a different explanation for adaptive thermogenesis in an energy-deficit condition is presented. In fact, the start of the fasting condition was shown by a decrease in RER, indicating the transition to fasting-induced lipolysis, to h after the last meal the night before [ 10 ].

Taken together, REE, as measured after a to h overnight fast, still may include diet-induced thermogenesis and therefore does not reflect complete fasting REE.

Adaptive thermogenesis, as observed as a decrease of REE after a to h overnight fast during energy restriction, can be explained by a decrease to REE due to a lower, or absent diet-induced thermogenesis to h after the last, energy deficient, dinner.

Especially during energy restriction, REE reaches a lower REE, explaining why adaptive thermogenesis has been shown most pronounced during an energy deficit [ 3 ]. Contrarily, during over-feeding, adaptive thermogenesis during positive energy balance, is observed as an increase of REE after a to h overnight fast.

This may be explained by additional diet-induced thermogenesis from over-feeding. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Dulloo AG, Jacquet J, Montani JP, Schutz Y. Adaptive thermogenesis in human body weight regulation: more of a concept than a measurable entity?

Obes Rev. Article Google Scholar. Martins C, Roekenes J, Salamari S, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Metabolic adaptations an illusion, only present when participants are in a negative energy balance. Am J Clin Nutr. Müller MJ, Heymsfield SB, Bosy-Westphal A.

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Article CAS Google Scholar. Nunes CL, Casanova N, Francisco R, Bosy-Westphal A, Hopkins M, Sardinha LB, et al. Does adaptive thermogenesis occur after weight loss in adults? A systematic review. Br J Nutr. Nymo S, Coutinho SR, Torgersen LH, Bomo OJ, Haugvaldstad I, Truby H, et al.

Timeline of changes in adaptive physiological responses, at the level of energy expenditure, with progressive weight loss. Westerterp KR. Diet induced thermogenesis. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature review articles article. Abstract Obesity results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Access through your institution.

Buy or subscribe. Change institution. Learn more. Figure 1: Thermodynamic perspective of energy expenditure. Figure 2: Mitochondrial energy metabolism. Figure 3: Coupling of reactions in energy metabolism. Figure 4. Figure 5: Pathway for β-adrenergic activation of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes.

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Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Dumonteil, E. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Download references. Author information Authors and Affiliations Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, , Massachusetts, USA Bradford B. Lowell Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, One Jimmy Fund Way, Smith Building , Boston, , Massachusetts, USA Bruce M.

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Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Manfred J. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.

Reprints and permissions. Müller, M. Changes in Energy Expenditure with Weight Gain and Weight Loss in Humans. Curr Obes Rep 5 , — Download citation.

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Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download PDF. Abstract Metabolic adaptation to weight changes relates to body weight control, obesity and malnutrition.

Regulation of energy intake and mechanisms of metabolic adaptation or maladaptation after caloric restriction Article 26 May Adaptive Thermogenesis in Resistance to Obesity Therapies: Issues in Quantifying Thrifty Energy Expenditure Phenotypes in Humans Article 01 April From the past to future: from energy expenditure to energy intake to energy expenditure Article Open access 30 November Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Introduction Weight loss and weight gain are associated with declines and increases in energy expenditure EE , which mainly follow changes in the metabolically active component of the body, i.

New and Interesting Findings AT seems to be well-established in the biology of weight loss. Dynamics of Metabolic Adaptation Related to Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance Changes in energy expenditure are functions of time with fluctuations within minutes, hours, days, weeks and months.

Determinants of AT AT is considered as an outcome of autoregulatory control that operates to limit weight loss and to restore body composition [ 3 , 14 , 22 , 52 , 53 ]. Full size image. Conclusions: A Proposed Concept and a Future Perspective With weight loss, AT has to be differentiated in relation to i the individual component of TEE, ii different phases of weight loss and iii weight loss maintenance.

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