In a further study, when the eggshell membrane, a highly proteinaceous thin layer present between the egg white and shell, was added to the bottom layer made up of PVA with curcumin nanoparticles, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action was implemented with positive effects on the migration of dermal fibroblasts [ ].

This patch contributed to wound healing by providing exudate absorption, releasing therapeutical components, and supporting the deposition of extracellular matrix [ ] [ ].

Glycyrrhiza glabra is a herbaceous perennial legume of the Fabaceae bean family, from whose root is extracted sweet and aromatic flavoring known as licorice. The licorice plant is widely used as an herbal remedy [ ] and in skin-care products [ ]. Numerous articles have reported pharmaceutical therapeutic properties, such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, but these are only some of the possible therapeutic properties [ ].

Licorice root extract has been used for years as an effective medication, especially in gastric ulcers. The main biologically active components of licorice include terpenoids such as triterpene saponins, chalcones, and glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which are responsible for the observed activities [ ].

Some studies have demonstrated antiulcer effects of G. glabra in the healing of gastric [ ] , oral [ ] , and colitis mucosal ulcers [ ] , as well as corneal neovascularization [ ] , but only a few studies have reported its wound-healing activity on full-thickness dermal wounds [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ].

Previous research has shown that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds of G. glabra , such as triterpenes and flavonoids, reduce free radicals and pus in the wound area, aiding in wound healing [ ] [ ].

Zangeneh et al. glabra aqueous extract ointment significantly accelerates wound-healing activity in rats by reducing the wound area, total cells, macrophage, lymphocyte, and neutrophil levels while increasing wound contracture, fibrocyte, hexuronic acid, and hydroxyproline levels when compared to the basal ointment and control groups.

According to the findings of Siriwattanasatorn et al. glabra promoted proliferation and accelerated wound closure by inhibiting superoxide anion and nitric oxide production with IC 50 values of The bioactive compound, glycyrrhizin, exhibited antioxidant activities with an IC 50 value of More recently, Hanafy et al.

glabra extract on full-thickness wound healing in a Guinea pig model. glabra extract accelerated wound healing with statistically significant differences in the re-epithelialization of treated wounds, which were likely due to the presence of flavonoids [ ]. Malva sylvestris The use of Malva sylvestris , a species of the mallow genus Malva in the family, has been documented since long ago.

sylvestris is recommended for acne and skincare, as an antiseptic and emollient [ ] [ ] [ ] , and as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent for burn and cut wound healing [ ] [ ] [ ].

The healing capabilities of this plant relate to the mucilage and flavonoids found in the leaves and flowers [ ]. Indeed, M. sylvestris flowers extract contains anthocyanin, malvidin, flavones, flavonols, malvin, malvaline, niacin, and folic acid, which are responsible for their pharmacological and biological activities [ ] [ ] [ ].

Afshar et al. sylvestris using a wound mouse model. sylvestris extract, where increased collagen synthesis was observed [ ]. Another in vitro study investigated the effect of M. sylvestris or silver sulfadiazine on wound healing using a second-degree burn model [ ].

sylvestris cream was superior to sulfadiazine in terms of reducing the time required for complete wound healing [ ]. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying these actions requires further investigation. Recent research has examined the effect of M. sylvestris extract inserted into a novel polyurethane PU -based nanofibers used as dressing for diabetic wounds [ ].

When animal wounds treated with M. sylvestris nanofibers were compared to control groups, the wound area was shown to be significantly decreased.

In comparison to the control group, treatments with extract-loaded wound dressings were significantly more effective at reducing acute and chronic inflammation, increasing collagen deposition and neovascularization, and demonstrated acceptable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [ ].

Plantago L. Plantaginaceae is a worldwide genus including approximately species of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs [ ]. Phytochemical studies have shown that the Plantago genus contains a great number of compounds such as acteosides, iridoids, glucosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, saponins, sterols, and phenyl carboxylic acid derivatives [ ].

The genus Plantago is widely used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent for various diseases, including the treatment of wounds [ ]. Fresh plantago leaves were shown to have antibacterial effects and to be beneficial for wound healing.

Crushed leaves are used to treat chronic wounds, abscesses, and acne [ ]. Not many studies have investigated the effects of Plantago species on wound healing. An in vitro investigation of human oral epithelial cell lines H indicated the anti-inflammatory properties of P.

major are due to the synergistic actions of polyphenols and water-soluble substances i. Genc et al. investigated the wound healing ability of P. subulata in vitro using fibroblasts L cell line , whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using macrophages RAW subulata methanolic extract PHE exerted protection against oxidative stress in fibroblasts, although not in correlation with PHE concentrations.

Acteoside was thought to be the chemical responsible for these effects [ ]. Recently, a clinical investigation assessed the efficacy of a gel comprising A.

vera and P. major in treating diabetic foot ulcers [ ]. The application of P. Additionally, the proportion of patients who completed the wound-healing process was higher in those who received P. major dressing [ ]. However, this study was limited by its relatively small sample size, absence of placebo and blinding due to technical issues , short duration of intervention, and use of novel dressings in the control groups because of different characteristics of ulcers necessitating this.

These results showed that Plantago and its compounds may be good candidates for future drug studies. Salvia officinalis L.

also called sage, garden sage, or common sage is a perennial evergreen subshrub with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers [ ] [ ]. Salvia is an important genus consisting of approximately species in the family Lamiaceae formerly Labiatae.

Salvia species are native to the Mediterranean region and are cultivated worldwide for use in folk medicine and culinary purposes. The genus Salvia has a wide range of medicinal uses, and it is traditionally used to treat more than sixty health illnesses [ ] [ ].

According to the analysis of essential oils taken from aerial sections of the plant, these species contain approximately phytocomponents [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] , including fatty acids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycoside saponins, terpenes, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polyacetylenes [ ] [ ].

The biological actions of oil and aqueous extracts include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity [ ] [ ] [ ]. The terpenoids, e. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the composition of sage essential oil undergoes considerable changes in relation to seasonal variation, genetic diversity, defense in plant sections, and developmental stage differences [ ] [ ].

Numerous investigations have established the influence of S. officinalis on wound healing [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]. Farahpour et al. The data in this study indicated that this treatment suppressed the pro-inflammatory response by decreasing mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-alpha, and promoted fibroblast proliferation by increasing cyclin-D1 expression [ ].

Furthermore, S. officinalis has been shown to stimulate VEGF transcription and secretion and FGF-2 expression at the wound edge and in basal keratinocytes [ ].

officinalis hydroethanolic leaf extracts significantly increased, particularly at higher doses, the percentage of wound contraction, the re-epithelialization period, the breaking strength ratio, and upregulated hydroxyproline content compared to the control group [ ].

Additionally, S. officinalis significantly increased new vessel formation and fibroblast distribution [ ]. Another study has looked at the effects of ethanol leaf extracts of two different Salvia species, Salvia kronenburgii SK and Salvia euphratica SE , at two different concentrations 0.

In addition, these extracts were tested for their ability to fight off bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They worked best against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis , as well as Escherichia coli , Aeromonas hydrophila , and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Moreover, both concentrations of SK and SE ointments were found to be as effective as the reference drug, showing significant wound closure ratios with a range of These results suggest that Salvia species, which are common in nature, may be promising antimicrobial and wound-healing agents for the treatment of infectious diseases as an alternative to synthetic drugs with high costs and side effects.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. Recent evolutionary research has reported that the genus Rosmarinus has merged with the genus Salvia. On this basis, Rosmarinus officinalis was changed into Salvia Rosmarinus [ ]. Rosemary is a fragrant, needle-like-leaved plant that is widely cultivated worldwide and used in folk medicine.

Other uses, including treatments for wound healing, skin cancer, and mycoses, have also been investigated [ ] [ ] [ ]. Potential applications in the treatment of non-pathological skin conditions, such as ultraviolet damage and aging, have been shown [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ].

Rosemary contains a large number of secondary metabolites that have been identified using ultra- and high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography to reveal significant amounts of phenolic compounds diterpenoids and flavonoids and volatile chemicals [ ] [ ].

In an in vivo study, the group treated with rosemary essential oils demonstrated significant improvements in healing, angiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation when compared to the control group [ ].

officinalis oil experienced rapid wound healing [ ]. Using a rat excision wound model, a recent in vivo study examined the wound healing potential of three chitosan-based topical formulations containing either tea tree essential oil, rosemary essential oil, or a combination of the two oils [ ]. When compared to groups treated with individual essential oils or the control group, topical application of a chitosan-based product containing a blend of both oils increased wound shrinkage significantly.

Additionally, histopathological examination revealed complete re-epithelialization and activation of hair follicles when the two essential oils were combined. Monoterpene content of essential oils contributed significantly to their antioxidant and wound-healing properties [ ].

In conclusion, rosemary extract has a great deal of therapeutic potential and could help wounds heal at different stages. References Cavalcanti, A.

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Based Complement. Kharat, Z. Ferreira, P. Lavender is easy to grow if you plant a seedling, rather that seeds. The topical oil calms nerve pain such as sciatica, and skin conditions such as eczema; it may also relieve psoriasis.

It is considered an invasive weed in the Pacific Northwest, so locals there might have good luck harvesting the flowering tops. Chamomile flowers Matricaria recutita. German chamomile is anti-inflammatory and vulnerary, and so easy to turn into a compress when you purchase teabags.

Of course it also makes a nice nervine tea i. benefits the nervous system to calm you down while you heal. Chamomile has also been studied clinically and has been shown to speed healing of tattoo abrasions. Chamomile is a self-reseeding annual plant; you will need a fair amount of space for your plants to harvest enough flowers for your future compresses.

Chamomile cream is also available for purchase. Tobacco leaf Nicotiana tabacum. Purchase a pack of natural cigarettes, and aim for a brand without too many chemicals. Aloe inner leaf Aloe barbadensis.

Aloe is a succulent plant; when you snap off a leaf, the inside is a gel-like substance that is cooling and soothing to burns and dry skin. Aloe is very, very easy to grow. Refrain from over-watering, give it some sunshine, and there you are; bring it inside for the winter if you live in a cold climate.

Yarrow leaf and flower Achillea millefolium. Use fresh or dried as a compress or poultice; use fresh leaf for spit poultice on wounds, scrapes, and cuts. Yarrow is an anciently revered herb, frequently grown as a decorative shrub. Yarrow is anti-bacterial, vulnerary, and, rather uniquely, a hemostat, meaning it helps stop bleeding.

These qualities make it ideal for fresh wounds. Wash the wound first, preferably in salt water, and then soak in a yarrow infusion. The medicinal plant has white flowers. Calendula flowers Calendula officinalis. Use fresh or dried as a compress; oil, salve, cream for wounds, scrapes, and burns.

Add a cup or more of flowers with some Epsom salts to your bath, and soak away your sunburn. Do not use on puncture wounds. Calendula is another anciently used herb.

Creams and salves may be available for purchase, or make your own. The flowers are yellow or orange, and are high in resin—a sticky substance. When your fingers are a bit sticky after harvesting the flowers, you know you have good medicine.

Plantain leaf Plantago major or Plantago lanceolata. Use as a compress or poultice; oil, salve, cream for wounds, scrapes, and inflammation; use fresh leaf for spit poultice on bug bites.

Plantain is not the banana sort of plantain but a humble weed with healing magic! It is anti-inflammatory and vulnerary, wonderful when used as a poultice or compress, or infused in oil and made into a salve or cream.

Out in the field, chew up a fresh leaf and apply to a bug bite to quell the itch. The round leaf and the sharp leaf varieties are interchangeable. Use fresh or dried leaf as a compress or poultice; leaf or root for oil, salve, cream; use on cuts, scrapes, wounds, bruising, sprains, pulled muscles, broken bones.

Comfrey is a wonderful vulnerary. A poultice, compress, or salve is very helpful for any sort of tear or pull or break of the body. The leaves are just as effective as the root. Lesser species have white flowers, but the true and taller comfrey has purple flowers.

Find her online at nutriciaconsulting. The following companies are certified by Green America for their top-level green practices:. It is estimated that waste in the U. Neem leaf extracts and oil from seeds show antimicrobial effect which is mainly attributed to its compounds including margosic acid, glycerides of fatty acids, butyric acid and trace valeric acid [ 35 ].

Chamomilla recutita is so called as chamomile and is belonging to the Asteraceae family. It contains some substances such as chamazulene, alpha bisabolol, bisabolol oxides, spiroethers, and flavonoids which induce therapeutic effects [ 37 ].

It is also known to have anti-inflammatory which decreases inflammation during infected wounds [ 37 ]. Gholami Dogoury et al. They have also advised to consider Chamomilla recutita as safe alternative chemicals for nitrofurazone ointment in wound healing process.

Bael which is so called Aegle marmelos which is belonging to family Rutaceae. It contains carbohydrates, protein, volatile oil, tanines, vitamin C and vitamin A.

two alkaloids Omethylhalfordional and isopentylhalfordinol. It is traditionally used to treat wound healing properties [ 39 ]. Flaxseed Linumu sitatissimum is one of oldest cultivated plant and is often cultivated for its fiber and oil.

Flaxseed and its derivatives are known as rich sources of the essential fatty acid and alpha-linolenic acid, which are biological precursor for omega-3 and fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic which may improve wound healing.

Dogoury et al. They have also advised to consider Chamomilla recutita and Linumu sitatissimum as alternative agents for nitrofurazone ointment in wound healing process. Moltkia coerulea is considered as one of most important plants in Boraginaceae that is belonging to Lithospermeae subfamily [ 40 ].

It is known to have some properties such as antioxidant and antibacterial effects, because of large amounts of flavonoids and phenols [ 41 ] which may accelerate wound healing.

Farahpour et al. Ribwort plantain Plantaginaceae is a perennial plant species with a worldwide distribution and large ecological amplitude. It is also known to have antibacterial properties [ 43 , 44 ]. Studies have shown that Ribwort plantain accelerates epithelialization and wound contraction [ 45 , 46 ].

Farahpour and Heydari [ 47 ] have shown that antioxidant properties reduce inflammation and increase wound contraction in rabbits. Rosemary is belonging to the mint family which is known to have antioxidant properties because of its compounds including carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, diterpene, triterpenoid, phenolic acid and flavonoids [ 48 ].

It is also known to have anti-inflammatory [ 49 ] and anti-microbial properties [ 50 ] which may promote wound healing. In addition, its essential oil contains major levels of terpenoids, limonene, 1, 8-cineol, carnosic acid, rosemarinic acid and α-pinene, that can reduce inflammatory phase and can accelerate the healing process by promoting the proliferation stage [ 51 ].

Nejati et al. Allium sativum L. Amaryllidaceae is a member of the lily family which contains high levels of alliin, allyl cysteine, allyl disulfide, and allicin and has powerful antioxidant agents [ 54 ].

Grape Vitis vinifera is belonging to Vitaceae family and contains vitamin E, linoleic acid, oligomer pro-anthocyanidins compounds and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and antioxidants [ 56 ] stilbenes and anthocyanins [ 57 ].

Active compounds present have beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and wound healing [ 58 ], antimicrobial and diabetes properties [ 59 ]. Nejati and Farahpour [ 60 ] have shown that Vitis vinifera accelerated wound healing process by increasing neovascularization, fibroblast migration and epithelialization and can stimulate the enclosure of burn wounds.

Calendula officinalis L. is so called pot marigold and is one of the medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family. Phytochemical evaluations of Calendula officinalis showed the presence of the flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes, alcohol triterpenes, fatty acid esters, carotenoids, essential oils, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids [ 61 , 62 ].

Some studies have reported biological activities in Calendula officinalis including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects [ 61 , 62 ]. Farahpour [ 63 ] showed that Calendula officinalis aerial part hydroalcoholic extracts, have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in chemical pain and anti-inflammatory tests.

Turmeric Curcuma longa L. is known as turmeric and is belonging to Zingiberaceae family [ 64 ]. Turmeric extract contain major amounts of mineral dyes, curcumin, curcuminoids, phenolic compounds and volatile oils including turmerone, atlantone and zingiberene [ 65 ].

The Pistacia atlantica is belonging to Anacardiaceae family and is known to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial properties [ 67 , 68 ].

Haghdoost et al. They have also reported that Pistacia atlantica increased collagen deposition simultaneously by up-regulating the mast cells and fibroblast distribution. Finally, obtaining better results from high dose administration of Pistacia atlantica suggests that dosing higher concentration contains more constituents that plays major role in shortening healing time.

In other study, Farahpour and Fathollahpour [ 71 ] have shown that ointment prepared from flaxseed and pistachio oil decreased polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell distribution, improved new vessel formation and fibroblast distribution in injured rabbits.

Astragalus is known as Huang Qi in China and contains polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids and trace elements. Astragalus had high potential in wound healing and its mechanism was by preventing inflammation, accelerating cell cycle and promoting the secretion of repair factors in wound healing model [ 72 ].

Morinda citrifolia Linn Rubiaceae is so called noni or Indian mulberry. A significant enhance in the wound-healing activity has reported in the animals treated with the Morinda citrifolia extract in comparison to animals receiving the placebo control treatments.

Morinda citrifolia extract improves wound healing by decreasing wound size and time to epithelialization [ 14 ]. Lucidone is a natural compound in Lindera erythrocarpa Makino which is known to have some properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anti-vital efficacies [ 73 ].

It has reported that Lucidone prevents free radical-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human skin HaCaT cells [ 74 ]. Lucidone maintains human skin keratinocytes against UVA-induced DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Genistein is one of the most important isoflavones in legumes and has estrogen-like effects [ 76 ] antioxidative effects by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities such as super oxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase [ 77 ].

Studies have reported that dietary supplementation of genistein improved the regular wound healing process by regulating the antioxidant defense system and pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 78 ]. Treatment with genistein improved NLRP3 inflammasome in the basal level and alleviated inflammation and antioxidant defense system at early stage of wound healing in diabetic mice [ 79 ].

Eo et al. Asiaticoside is a glycoside compound which is commonly used in order to wound healing. A study has shown that topical application of 0. Another study has shown that 0.

It also promoted angiogenesis collagen formation, remodeling of the collagen matrix and stimulated of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in a rat wound chamber model [ 81 ]. Antioxidants have major important role in the wound healing process that may improve wound healing by antioxidant property.

Curcumin is a phenolic compound which is isolated from Curcuma longa Linn [ 82 ] and used for its various biological and therapeutic properties. It also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-infective and anticoagulant effects [ 82 ].

Curcumin can improve wound healing by its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-infectious properties and also because of the prevention of STAT, TNF-α, cyclin D1, COX-2, NF-κB, IL 1β, 6, 8 expressions, and down-regulation of MMP- 8 expression [ 83 ]. Curcumin also increases collagen deposition, tissue remodeling, fibroblast proliferation, granulation tissue formation and vascular density [ 82 ].

It also prevented the growth of dangerous pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA [ 84 ], P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola [ 85 ]. In this chapter, the possible mechanisms were described.

We only mentioned some medicinal plants. The most medicinal plants act through antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, some medicinal herbs and especially active compounds act by gene expression. It cannot certainly be stated efficiency medicinal plants in improving wound healing, but they have major potential for improving wound healing.

The use of active compounds is a new strategy to improve the wound healing. Medicinal plants and active compounds help to decrease the inflammation. Future studies will be needed to determine the more mechanisms.

Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3. Edited by Kamil Hakan Dogan. Open access peer-reviewed chapter Medicinal Plants in Wound Healing Written By Mohammad Reza Farahpour. DOWNLOAD FOR FREE Share Cite Cite this chapter There are two ways to cite this chapter:.

Choose citation style Select style Vancouver APA Harvard IEEE MLA Chicago Copy to clipboard Get citation. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation. IntechOpen Wound Healing Current Perspectives Edited by Kamil Hakan Dogan. From the Edited Volume Wound Healing - Current Perspectives Edited by Kamil Hakan Dogan Book Details Order Print.

Chapter metrics overview 3, Chapter Downloads View Full Metrics. Impact of this chapter. Abstract Wound healing process is known as interdependent cellular and biochemical stages which are in trying to improve the wound.

Keywords antibacterial animal studies inflammatory phase medicinal plants wound healing. Introduction Wound healing is defined as a collection of complex process which comprises different compounds including soluble mediators, blood cells, extracellular matrix, and parenchymal cells [ 1 , 2 ].

Cinnamon Cinnamomum verum , cinnamon, belongs to the Lauraceae family. Aloe vera Aloe vera is a native plant in Africa and is so called lily of the desert or the plant of immortality. Anethum graveolens Anethum graveolens L. Eucalyptus Eucalyptus is also known as Dinkum oil and is belonging to family Myrtaceae.

Securigera securidaca Securigera securidaca , a native plant of Iran, has traditionally been used in the southern part of Iran in order to treatment the diabetes. Trigonella foenum Trigonella foenum-graecum , is so called fenugreek, is extensively used in preparations the Ayurveda and also known to have effects antiulcer action and hypocholesterolaemic effects.

Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbo nucifera is belonging to family Nymphaeaceae which is so called Kamal in Hindi and Lotus in English. Neem Neem leaf extracts and essential oil from seeds are known to have antimicrobial effect which may be beneficial in the infected wounds.

Chamomile Chamomilla recutita is so called as chamomile and is belonging to the Asteraceae family. Bael Bael which is so called Aegle marmelos which is belonging to family Rutaceae.

Linumu sitatissimum Flaxseed Linumu sitatissimum is one of oldest cultivated plant and is often cultivated for its fiber and oil. Moltkia coerulea Moltkia coerulea is considered as one of most important plants in Boraginaceae that is belonging to Lithospermeae subfamily [ 40 ].

Ribwort plantain Ribwort plantain Plantaginaceae is a perennial plant species with a worldwide distribution and large ecological amplitude. Rosemary officinalis Rosemary is belonging to the mint family which is known to have antioxidant properties because of its compounds including carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, diterpene, triterpenoid, phenolic acid and flavonoids [ 48 ].

Allium sativum Allium sativum L. Vitis vinifera Grape Vitis vinifera is belonging to Vitaceae family and contains vitamin E, linoleic acid, oligomer pro-anthocyanidins compounds and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and antioxidants [ 56 ] stilbenes and anthocyanins [ 57 ].

Calendula officinalis Calendula officinalis L. Curcuma longa Turmeric Curcuma longa L. Pistacia atlantica The Pistacia atlantica is belonging to Anacardiaceae family and is known to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial properties [ 67 , 68 ].

Astragalus membranaceus Astragalus is known as Huang Qi in China and contains polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids and trace elements.

Morinda citrifolia Linn Morinda citrifolia Linn Rubiaceae is so called noni or Indian mulberry. Lucidone Lucidone is a natural compound in Lindera erythrocarpa Makino which is known to have some properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anti-vital efficacies [ 73 ].

Genistein Genistein is one of the most important isoflavones in legumes and has estrogen-like effects [ 76 ] antioxidative effects by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities such as super oxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase [ 77 ].

Asiaticoside Asiaticoside is a glycoside compound which is commonly used in order to wound healing. Curcumin Curcumin is a phenolic compound which is isolated from Curcuma longa Linn [ 82 ] and used for its various biological and therapeutic properties.

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Instructions for Authors. Editorial Board. Advertising Opportunities. The Expert Series. Job Board. Volume 60 - Issue 6 - June ISSN Definition of Herb An herb is any plant whose leaf, stem, flower, root, or seed is used for flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume.

Herbal Therapy in Wound Care New approaches incorporating use of medicinal herbs and botanicals have the potential to positively impact patient care. Herbal Regulation and Quality As herbalism gains impetus, the need for safety information and quality control measures increases.

Herb-Drug Interactions Herb-drug interactions are less common than drug-drug interactions; however, they do occur.

Correspondence may be sent to Dr. Collins at NCtheRD aol. This article was not subject to the Ostomy Wound Management peer-review process. References 1. Hoffmann D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester, NY: Healing Arts Press; PDR for Herbal Medicine, 4th ed. Montvale, NJ: Thomson Healthcare, Inc; Submit Feedback.

Email Address. Log in or register to view. Copied to clipboard. Featured Content The Power of Engagement With Multidisciplinary Societies. Current Issue. At-Risk Skin: 21 Consensus Statements From the Coalition for At-Risk Skin. Use of a New Dressing Protocol in Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds on Homebound Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Understanding Moisture-associated Skin Damage and Best Practice Recommendations. Special Report on MASD written by Elizabeth Faust, MSN, CRNP, CSWS, CWOCN-AP, MAPWCA; Siobhan McCoulough, CNS; and Patricia Idensohn, CNS.

Gelling Fiber Dressings: How Structure and Function Relate to Healing. Biomedical engineer Amit Gefen, BSc, MSc, PhD, discusses dressings in general and gelling dressings in particular from an engineering and clinical use perspective. The Wound Hygiene Protocol: An Expert Challenge of Complex Wounds.

The supplement provides a brief overview of the Wound Hygiene Protocol, developed by ConvaTec, as well as a series of clinical cases presented by experts in their respective fields. These clinical cases challenge the reader to consider how to best approach the reported wound cases.

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Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab, India. Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab, India. If you use ginseng supplements, follow the dosage directions on the label. Ginseng is generally safe for consumption with no serious side effects.

The most common side effects include headache, gastrointestinal discomfort, and trouble sleeping. There is some evidence to suggest that long-term use of ginseng decreases its effectiveness, so take the supplement for two to three weeks with a one to two-week break to enjoy its benefits.

If you take medications for diabetes, monitor your glucose levels closely when consuming ginseng to ensure your levels do not get too low. Talk with your healthcare professional before supplementing with ginseng if you take any medications.

Do not take ginseng if you have a bleeding disorder or are taking blood thinners, such as Coumadin warfarin. One of the most popular herbs in the world, lavender Lavandula is a pleasant-smelling evergreen shrub that grows in low mounds and is native to the Mediterranean. Lavender is in the mint family and thrives in many places around the globe.

The versatile herb is used in personal care products, baking, and essential oils, and has become one of the most well-studied herbs due to its potential health benefits. Lavender has been used by humans for centuries, for everything from perfumes to aromatherapy to medicinal purposes.

Evidence suggests that lavender promotes sleep, improves memory, relieves pain, and uplifts mood. In animal and human studies, lavender has been proven to have anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Lavender is a powerhouse herb that offers many medicinal and therapeutic uses.

Lavender is available in many forms, including dried herb, powder, and essential oil. You can grow lavender in your garden if you live in a climate that supports its growth. The essential oil can be diffused in an air diffuser or massaged directly onto the skin once diluted with a carrier oil, such as almond or olive oil.

You can also apply it to your linens or on a cotton ball to inhale it for aromatherapy. Lavender tea is available in premade tea bags, or you can steep dried lavender flower buds in hot water for a caffeine-free tea.

Lavender essential oil may cause an allergic reaction or skin irritation in some people. Always dilute the essential oil in a carrier oil before applying directly to the skin.

If you experience headache, nausea or vomiting after use, stop using it immediately. Do not consume lavender essential oil orally, as it may be toxic. Oral consumption of lavender, such as in a tea, may cause constipation, headaches, or increased appetite.

Saint-John's-wort is a plant with yellow flowers. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, though it now grows throughout the United States.

The flower and leaf are used to create herbal remedies and supplements as an alternative treatment for various ailments. Saint-John's-wort has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years and various conditions, including insomnia, wound healing, depression, and kidney and lung ailments.

Today, Saint-John's-wort is most popular as an herbal remedy for depression. Studies show it may have a positive effect on mild to moderate depression if used over 12 weeks. Saint-John's-wort is also used to reduce menopausal symptoms and for obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD and skin conditions.

It may be used topically to promote wound healing and reduce muscle pain. Saint-John's-wort is available in dry, oil, and liquid forms, including capsules, tinctures, and elixirs. There is not enough data to provide a standard recommended dose of Saint-John's-wort.

The appropriate dose of Saint-John's-wort will depend on your age, sex, and medical history. They can personalize your dose to ensure effectiveness and safety.

When taken in large doses, Saint-John's-wort may cause sensitivity to sunlight. Speak with your healthcare professional before using this herbal remedy. It can have serious interactions with certain medications. Do not take Saint-John's-wort if you are taking antidepressants, as a life-threatening increase in serotonin may result.

Native to South Asia, turmeric is an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the ginger family. It has been used for its medicinal properties for over 4, years.

Turmeric is one of the most widely studied herbs. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer properties. In Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems, it is used for upper respiratory infections, the digestive system, and skin problems.

Ayurvedic herbs are a major component of Ayurveda , a traditional-medicine practice that originated in India. Practitioners use herbs to keep the mind, body, and spirit in balance. Turmeric is still a popular herbal remedy. It's touted as aiding in such conditions as allergies, arthritis, digestive disorders, respiratory infections, depression, and liver disease.

Research says turmeric may provide therapeutic benefits for skin health as an oral supplement or topical on the skin application. Turmeric is also proven effective at reducing joint pain caused by arthritis. One study found that participants who took milligrams a day of turmeric extract experienced reduced joint pain.

Turmeric is used around the world as a cooking ingredient. Turmeric supplements are made from the dried rhizome underground stem and are often sold in capsule form. Turmeric paste is made to apply topically to the skin for certain skin conditions. The recommended dosage for turmeric varies, depending on its intended use.

Studies often use dosages ranging from to 2, milligrams of turmeric daily. The amount you take will vary depending on your age, medical history, sex, and intended use.

Some people experience significant symptom relief when taking smaller doses, so start small to determine which dose works best for you. Turmeric is generally considered safe when eaten in foods, consumed as an oral supplement, or applied to the skin in recommended amounts.

Concentrations of curcumin —an active ingredient in turmeric—is higher in supplements than in foods and may cause stomach upset when taken in large doses, as well as diarrhea, skin rash, yellow stool, and headache. Speak with your healthcare professional before taking a turmeric supplement.

It may have interactions with some prescription medications and other herbal remedies. Turmeric can enhance the effect of blood thinners, increasing your risk of bleeding. A review found that turmeric may interact with several medications, including antidepressants, anticoagulants, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, and antihistamines.

The FDA regulates dietary supplement products and dietary ingredients and tracks side effects by consumers. You can report any side effects and safety concerns through the U. Health and Human Services Safety Reporting Portal. Humans have used plants for thousands of years to treat ailments, pain, and disease.

Healing herbs are available in several forms, including supplements, tinctures, teas, and essential oils. Scientific evidence on popular herbal remedies varies widely. For some, there is a lot of information, while there may be just a little for others. Do your best to research any remedies you plan to use before taking them to understand any potential side effects along with their purported health benefits.

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