Successfully completing courses that cover multiple aspects of the energy industrySustainabe but Organic sustainable energy limited Orgajic its organization, sutsainable, end-use, policy, financing and global Citrus bioflavonoids and joint health, prepares students sustainab,e tackle some of the biggest energy and climate challenges of today and tomorrow. Benefits of Solar Lighting in Rural Communities. Carbon sinks are reservoirs for carbon-containing chemicals, including greenhouse gases. An enormous plant under construction near Port Talbot, Wales, for instance, will require fossil fuels imported from North America, offsetting some of the sustainability of the enterprise. What do you think?

Organic sustainable energy -

Developing countries are facing challenges with organic waste management. Improper waste management causes hazards to the environment and the society. There are various treatment options for municipal solid waste and organic waste such as recycling, waste to energy, etc.

According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, urban organic solid waste should generate MW of energy. With increasing demand for energy, investigation of alternative energy strategies has become more important for future world stability.

Renewable energy sources waste to energy are going to be one of the most attractive substitutes in the near future. Tap here to connect with our renewable energy consultants for better understanding of renewable energy sources and its uses. Fossil fuels have been exploited over the years.

This has caused serious irreversible damage. Some of it is climate change, world conflicts and energy source shortage. We can summarize these problems in three main sections given below:.

These problems have negative effects on the society at local, regional and global levels. One thing that can solve these problems is affordable and renewable energy sources. It is the need of the hour! The requirement for energy will increase by a factor of 6 times by If this demand has to be divided between developed and developing countries then there is no shortage of energy in developed countries.

However, in developing countries such as India, the ratio of energy required to energy available is incompatible. This uneven distribution requires a technology that can mitigate the energy crisis.

To meet its energy requirement, India requires times more energy than energy consumed today. The most economical benefits are to minimize environmental pollution and meet the energy demand for various purposes. In India, the MNRE , Govt. of India initiated a National Master Plan in , which incorporates biogas technology as one of the major Organic Waste to Energy options to be developed and adopted in the country.

Most of the organic waste that is generated finds its way into land and water bodies without any treatment. This causes emission of harmful gases and severe water pollution.

Any organic waste from industries is a resource which can result in energy generation. A solution for the global problems listed above can be adoption of environment-friendly organic waste-to-energy technologies.

This will allow treatment and processing of organic wastes before their disposal. These measures would help reduce the quantity of wastes. Worldwide growing energy deficit is making governments become keen on alternative and renewable energy sources.

Organic Waste to energy is one of these. Energy sources like solar radiation, wind and tides are considered as inexhaustible and therefore feasible for a longer period of time. Abundant sustainable energy sources can:.

Thus, waste to energy serves as an attractive option. It not only helps in waste disposal but also in energy production. Organic waste such as food waste is discarded from food production plants and commercial kitchens cafeterias and restaurants.

Traditionally, food waste is incinerated with other combustible material but the moisture in organic food waste leads to release of dioxins during combustion. Moreover, incineration causes air pollution. Therefore, valorization techniques have been developed.

These technique uses organic waste and convert it into biofuels. Hydrogen provides high energy yield. It is used as a compressed gas. Organic food waste which has higher carbohydrate content is appropriate for hydrogen production. There are certain factors to which are taken into consideration for this such as:.

Methane production uses anaerobic processes to produce methane or biogas. It serves as an acceptable solution for organic waste management because of its low cost, less residual waste and its utilization as a renewable energy source.

Methane production is a three step process:. Ethanol has various industrial uses and thus its demand keeps increasing.

It is used as a chemical to produce ethylene which has a market demand of more than million tonnes per year. Ethanol production is also a three step process:. Biomass can also be co-fired, or burned with a fossil fuel. Biomass is most often co-fired in coal plants.

Co-firing eliminates the need for new factories for processing biomass. Co-firing also eases the demand for coal. This reduces the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by burning fossil fuels.

Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is a related method of heating biomass. During pyrolysis, biomass is heated to ° to ° C ° to ° F without the presence of oxygen. This keeps it from combusting and causes the biomass to be chemically altered. Pyrolysis produces a dark liquid called pyrolysis oil , a synthetic gas called syngas , and a solid residue called biochar.

All of these components can be used for energy. Pyrolysis oil, sometimes called bio-oil or biocrude, is a type of tar. It can be combusted to generate electricity and is also used as a component in other fuels and plastics.

Scientists and engineers are studying pyrolysis oil as a possible alternative to petroleum. Syngas can be converted into fuel such as synthetic natural gas. It can also be converted into methane and used as a replacement for natural gas.

Biochar is a type of charcoal. Biochar is a carbon-rich solid that is particularly useful in agriculture. Biochar enriches soil and prevents it from leaching pesticides and other nutrients into runoff. Biochar is also an excellent carbon sink. Carbon sinks are reservoirs for carbon-containing chemicals, including greenhouse gases.

Gasification Biomass can also be directly converted to energy through gasification. During the gasification process, a biomass feedstock usually MSW is heated to more than ° C 1,° F with a controlled amount of oxygen.

The molecules break down, and produce syngas and slag. Syngas is a combination of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. During gasification, syngas is cleaned of sulfur, particulates, mercury, and other pollutants. The clean syngas can be combusted for heat or electricity, or processed into transportation biofuels, chemicals, and fertilizers.

Slag forms as a glassy, molten liquid. It can be used to make shingles, cement, or asphalt. Industrial gasification plants are being built all over the world. Asia and Australia are constructing and operating the most plants, although one of the largest gasification plants in the world is currently under construction in Stockton-on-Tees, England.

This plant will eventually be able to convert more than , tons of MSW into enough energy to power 50, homes. Anaerobic Decomposition Anaerobic decomposition is the process where microorganisms , usually bacteria , break down material in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic decomposition is an important process in landfills , where biomass is crushed and compressed, creating an anaerobic or oxygen-poor environment.

In an anaerobic environment, biomass decays and produces methane, which is a valuable energy source. This methane can replace fossil fuels.

In addition to landfills, anaerobic decomposition can also be implemented on ranches and livestock farms. Manure and other animal waste can be converted to sustainably meet the energy needs of the farm. Biofuel Biomass is the only renewable energy source that can be converted into liquid biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.

Biofuel is used to power vehicles, and is being produced by gasification in countries such as Sweden, Austria, and the United States. Ethanol is made by fermenting biomass that is high in carbohydrates, such as sugarcane, wheat, or corn.

Biodiesel is made from combining ethanol with animal fat, recycled cooking fat, or vegetable oil. Biofuels do not operate as efficiently as gasoline. However, they can be blended with gasoline to efficiently power vehicles and machinery, and do not release the emissions associated with fossil fuels.

Ethanol requires acres of farmland to grow biocrops usually corn. About 1, liters gallons of ethanol is produced by an acre of corn. But this acreage is then unavailable for growing crops for food or other uses. Growing enough corn for ethanol also creates a strain on the environment because of the lack of variation in planting, and the high use of pesticides.

Ethanol has become a popular substitute for wood in residential fireplaces. When it is burned, it gives off heat in the form of flames, and water vapor instead of smoke.

Biochar Biochar, produced during pyrolysis, is valuable in agricultural and environmental use. When biomass rots or burns naturally or by human activity , it releases high amounts of methane and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, when biomass is charred, it sequesters , or stores, its carbon content.

When biochar is added back to the soil, it can continue to absorb carbon and form large underground stores of sequestered carbon—carbon sinks—that can lead to negative carbon emissions and healthier soil.

Biochar also helps enrich the soil. It is porous. When added back to the soil, biochar absorbs and retains water and nutrients.

Slash-and-char agriculture replaces slash-and-burn , which temporarily increases the soil nutrients but causes it to lose 97 percent of its carbon content.

During slash-and-char, the charred plants biochar are returned to the soil, and the soil retains 50 percent of its carbon. This enhances the soil and leads to significantly higher plant growth. Black Liquor When wood is processed into paper, it produces a high-energy, toxic substance called black liquor.

Until the s, black liquor from paper mills was considered a waste product and dumped into nearby water sources. With the invention of the recovery boiler in the s, black liquor could be recycled and used to power the mill.

In the United States, paper mills use nearly all their black liquor to run their mills, and the forest industry is one of the most energy-efficient in the nation as a result.

More recently, Sweden has experimented in gasifying black liquor to produce syngas, which can then be used to generate electricity.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Biomass is rich in hydrogen, which can be chemically extracted and used to generate power and to fuel vehicles. Stationary fuel cells are used to generate electricity in remote locations, such as spacecraft and wilderness areas.

Yosemite National Park in the U. state of California, for example, uses hydrogen fuel cells to provide electricity and hot water to its administration building. Hydrogen fuel cells may hold even more potential as an alternative energy source for vehicles. The U. Department of Energy estimates that biomass has the potential to produce 40 million tons of hydrogen per year.

This would be enough to fuel million vehicles. Currently, hydrogen fuel cells are used to power buses, forklifts, boats, and submarines, and are being tested on airplanes and other vehicles. However, there is a debate as to whether this technology will become sustainable or economically possible.

The energy that it takes to isolate, compress, package, and transport the hydrogen does not leave a high quantity of energy for practical use.

The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon is exchanged between all layers of Earth: atmosphere, hydrosphere , biosphere , and lithosphere. The carbon cycle takes many forms. It is exchanged through photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration, and human activity.

Carbon that is absorbed by soil as an organism decomposes, for example, may be recycled as a plant releases carbon-based nutrients into the biosphere through photosynthesis.

Under the right conditions, the decomposing organism may become peat , coal, or petroleum before being extracted through natural or human activity. Between periods of exchange, carbon is sequestered, or stored. The carbon in fossil fuels has been sequestered for millions of years. When fossil fuels are extracted and burned for energy, their sequestered carbon is released into the atmosphere.

Fossil fuels do not reabsorb carbon. In contrast to fossil fuels, biomass comes from recently living organisms. The carbon in biomass can continue to be exchanged in the carbon cycle. In order to effectively allow Earth to continue the carbon cycle process, however, biomass materials such as plants and forests have to be sustainably farmed.

It takes decades for trees and plants such as switchgrass to reabsorb and sequester carbon. Uprooting or disturbing the soil can be extremely disruptive to the process.

A steady and varied supply of trees, crops, and other plants is vital for maintaining a healthy environment. Algal Fuel Algae is a unique organism that has enormous potential as a source of biomass energy. Algae, whose most familiar form is seaweed , produces energy through photosynthesis at a much quicker rate than any other biofuel feedstock—up to 30 times faster than food crops!

Algae can be grown in ocean water, so it does not deplete freshwater resources. It also does not require soil, and therefore does not reduce arable land that could potentially grow food crops.

Although algae releases carbon dioxide when it is burned, it can be farmed and replenished as a living organism. As it is replenished, it releases oxygen, and absorbs pollutants and carbon emissions. Algae takes up much less space than other biofuel crops.

Department of Energy estimates that it would only take approximately 38, square kilometers 15, square miles, an area less than half the size of the U. state of Maine to grow enough algae to replace all petroleum-fueled energy needs in the United States.

Algae contains oils that can be converted to a biofuel.

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