Green tea extract is made from dried green tea leaves, so it does contain EGCG, along with caffeine and other antioxidants. According to Examine.

con, most green tea extract supplements are roughly 50 percent EGCG. To increase your intake of this compound, the top EGCG foods and beverages to include in your diet are:.

Did you know that green tea and black tea both come from the same plant? The Camellia sinensis evergreen shrub, which is native to China, India and other countries in Asia, produces nutrient-rich leaves that are harvested, steamed, dried or heated to make tea.

Black tea leaves are slightly more processed than green tea leaves, which lowers the flavonoid content and EGCG levels slightly. The concentration of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, in green tea can vary widely depending on preparation methods. Generally speaking, the type of green tea with the highest EGCG level is high-quality, ideally organic, brewed green tea.

You can help increase the EGCG concentration of your tea by steeping it in boiling water not just hot water and letting it sit for a full 10 minutes before removing the leaves. This method results in a stronger tea with a somewhat bitter taste, although the taste can be improved by adding some raw honey or fresh lemon juice.

If you want to maximize the amount of catechins you actually absorb, then drink tea alone and between meals. EGCG is not the same thing as caffeine — however both are naturally found in both black and green teas.

The amount of caffeine in tea ranges from about 20 to 45 milligrams per eight-ounce cup, with black tea having a bit more than green tea.

Both have a lot less caffeine than coffee , about half as much or even less depending on the kind of tea. What is EGCG good for exactly?

Based on what we know from available research, EGCG has certain anti-aging effects and can act like a natural therapeutic agent to aid prevention of some diseases. Studies investigating EGCG have found that it suppress accumulation of reactive oxygen species, alters signaling pathways in a way that prevents excessive inflammatory responses, lowers nitric oxide levels and reduces oxidative stress.

All of this translates to enhanced protection against a wide range of health problems, especially those related to inflammation and aging. Catechins in tea leaves are thought to be responsible for many of their beneficial health effects linked to the heart and blood vessels.

According to Harvard Health Publishing, flavonoids help quell inflammation, and that in turn may reduce plaque buildup inside arteries, improve vascular reactivity, improve blood pressure and help lower LDL cholesterol levels. Researchers believe that EGCG has neuroprotective benefits due to its antioxidant effects and ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain.

Some studies have found that catechins can help reverse neural damage and prevent further neural death, decreasing declines in cognitive function as people age. Consuming green tea regularly helps avoiding cardiovascular disease by increasing anti-inflammatory activity, while antioxidant substances in green tea help reducing the amount of oxidant in the body, inhibiting pro-thrombotic contents that prevent vessel occlusion, and reducing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein LDL.

Antimicrobial properties in green tea prevent cell membrane damage, inhibit enzyme and bacterial fatty acid synthesis, restrict the virus binding on host cells, and have synergism effects with antibiotics and antifungal.

Furthermore, EGCG is beneficial to maintain the bone homeostasis, not only to enhance Runt-related transcription factor 2 RUNX2 and osterix expressions but also to decrease Nuclear Factors Associated T Cell-1 NFATc1 and Sclerostin expression in the bone metabolism to boost the bone remodeling and reduce the bone resorption.

Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze EGCG in East Javanese green tea Camellia sinensis methanolic extract GTME in vitro study through phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, functional groups, and element characterization analysis.

In this study, we successfully isolate 4. Phytochemical screening of East Javanese GTME Extract reveals that EGCG has alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid and steroid properties.

EGCG in East Javanese GTME has strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value as much as The FTIR results of this study exhibits the function and structure of EGCG. In EGCG, the tip of peak cm-1 shows the presence of hydroxyl bonds of EGCG.

EDX is used to examine the elemental composition and heavy metals in EGCG. To sum up, the group of compounds contained in the East Javanese GTME are flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids.

EGCG as a bioactive ingredient contained in the East Javanese GTME has strong antioxidant activity. Finally, further study needs to be done to manufacture EGCG East Javanese Green Tea as an herbal medicine for health benefits. Phytochemical, antioxidant activity, structural and chemical element analyses of Epigallocatechin Gallate in East Javanese green tea extract.

UNAIR NEWS. In fact, many other benefits of this compound boost its power to help users drop pounds. It decreases inflammation. Less inflammation means less pain; for many people, less pain means more movement and more movement means more opportunities to burn calories, which is one way this supplement organically helps with weight loss.

It stabilizes blood sugar. When your blood sugar crashes, it looks for the quickest burst of energy to overcome it. It boosts your brain. Having the right mood can help you take the steps you need to overcome weight issues.

It improves your cardiovascular system. With more energy, exercise will feel like fun rather than work. While researchers have been studying the potential health benefits and the various effects of EGCG for a few decades, this compound has continuously shown varied effects on human research subjects.

Scientists believe this inconsistency may be caused by the tendency of the compound to degrade when exposed to oxygen, which leads to an ever-changing amount that actually reaches the digestive tract. Currently, approved research lists the following safe dosage values :. Or, for more information regarding suggested use and other supplement facts, contact us today.

Here is our recommended EGCg Green Tea Extract supplement! All recommendations are tested or inspected as many as 15 times throughout the manufacturing process. That is why you can shop with confidence and know we take pride in helping our readers become happy through healthy living.

Buy Our Recommended EGCg Now! Matthew Poteet, Pharm. graduated with Honors from Lee University with a Bachelors of Science in Biological Science. After his undergraduate training, he completed the Doctor of Pharmacy program at Mercer University Southern School of Pharmacy, graduating in Poteet has spent much of his pharmacy career on staff at two of the most prestigious academic teaching hospitals in the Southeast; Emory University in Atlanta and Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville.

At these institutions he received extensive experience and training in sterile products compounding. He returned home to East Tennessee in , where he has held the position of Pharmacy Director at two sterile products pharmacies in Knoxville. Matthew lives in Knoxville with his wife, Chris.

Read More About Matthew Poteet, PharmD. Sign up for recipes, health tips and so much more, delivered right to your inbox. Be the first to shop exclusives and new deals from our vitamin and supplement shop.

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Read this article in Spanish. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. VIEW ALL HISTORY. Green tea extract is a concentrated supplemental form of green tea. Here are 10 science-based benefits of green tea extract.

Drinking lemon and green tea together is a great way to get the health benefits of these two ingredients. Matcha is a type of powdered green tea. It is very high in antioxidants and has numerous health benefits for your body and brain.

Matcha comes from the same plant as green tea, but it contains more antioxidants and caffeine. Here are 7 possible health benefits of matcha tea…. While they're not typically able to prescribe, nutritionists can still benefits your overall health. Let's look at benefits, limitations, and more.

A new study found that healthy lifestyle choices — including being physically active, eating well, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption —….

Carb counting is complicated. Take the quiz and test your knowledge! Together with her husband, Kansas City Chiefs MVP quarterback Patrick Mahomes, Brittany Mohomes shares how she parents two children with severe food…. While there are many FDA-approved emulsifiers, European associations have marked them as being of possible concern.

Let's look deeper:. Researchers have found that a daily multivitamin supplement was linked with slowed cognitive aging and improved memory.

A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based 10 Evidence-Based Benefits of Green Tea. Medically reviewed by Kathy W. Warwick, R. Contains plant-based antioxidant compounds. May improve cognitive function.

Could help with fat burning. Might lower the risk of some cancers. May protect the brain from aging. Could help with oral health. May help with the managing blood sugar. Explore our top resources. Might help prevent heart disease.

May help you lose weight. Might help you live longer. Frequently asked questions. The bottom line. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references.

You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Dec 6, Written By Kris Gunnars, Dylan Bailey, MS, RD, FAND.

Sep 14, Medically Reviewed By Kathy Warwick, RD, LD. Share this article. Read this next. By Arlene Semeco, MS, RD and Alyssa Northrop, MPH, RD, LMT.

By Rachael Ajmera, MS, RD. Matcha — Even More Powerful Than Regular Green Tea? By Adda Bjarnadottir, MS, RDN Ice. How Nutritionists Can Help You Manage Your Health. Healthy Lifestyle May Offset Cognitive Decline Even in People With Dementia A new study found that healthy lifestyle choices — including being physically active, eating well, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption —… READ MORE.

Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Carb Counting? READ MORE. The geometries of catechins and their epimers were fully optimized with the B3LYP hybrid density functional theory DFT by using a G d,p basis set as implemented in the Gaussian 98 computational package.

The calculated deprotonation energies DE , IP, and BDEs were not corrected for zero-point energy and other thermal contributions assuming a negligible error and thus considerably saving computer time, especially in the case of larger molecules like GCG and EGCG. The DE values were calculated as the electronic energy of the deprotonated molecule minus the electronic energy of the neutral parent molecule.

The BDE for homolytic OH bond cleavage in the neutral molecule BDE N was calculated as the electronic energy of the radical resulting from the hydrogen atom abstraction minus the electronic energy of the neutral parent molecule. The IP for the neutral molecule IP N was calculated as the electronic energy of the radical cation resulting from the electron abstraction minus the electronic energy of the neutral parent molecule.

Similarly, the BDE for homolytic OH bond cleavage in the deprotonated, monoanionic molecule BDE A was calculated as the electronic energy of the radical formed by hydrogen atom abstraction from the most stable phenoxylate monoanion minus the electronic energy of this most stable monoanion molecule.

The IP of the most stable monoanion IP A was calculated as the electronic energy of the phenoxy radical formed by electron abstraction from the most stable phenoxylate monoanion minus the electronic energy of this parent most stable monoanion.

In this paper, only the results related to the most stable phenoxylate monoanions and phenoxy radicals are given. No solvent effects are included in the calculations.

Catechin epimers are good scavengers of free radicals such as peroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrate, and hypochlorous acid [ 22 ].

The antioxidant action of catechin epimers was also observed in various in vitro assays in water and lipid systems [ 12 , 23 — 25 ]. Table 1 presents the TEAC values at pH 7. For comparison, Table 1 also contains literature data on the antioxidant activity of the catechin epimers determined by the TEAC assay at pH 7.

Based on the experimental data shown in Table 1 , it could be concluded that the antioxidant activity of catechin epimers, C and EC as well as GC and EGC, expressed as the TEAC values at pH 7. The difference between the TEAC values of C and EC reported by Rice-Evans et al.

There are also no statistically significant differences observed for all catechin epimers tested using DPPH [ 12 ] and SRSA assays [ 25 ]. However, in LPO assay, it was shown that the antioxidant activities of epimers, C and EC as well as GC and EGC, vary significantly [ 24 ].

Since the lipophilicity and oxidation potential values for corresponding catechin epimers do not differ, Yang et al.

In the present study, the influence of stereochemistry on the antioxidant activity of catechins was studied by comparing the pH-dependent TEAC profiles of catechin epimers. The antioxidant action of catechin epimers was observed not only in in vitro studies but also in ex vivo and in vivo studies [ 12 , 26 — 28 ].

Since pH range of different human body fluids and tissues varies widely, from pH 1. Catechins posses a great number of hydroxyl groups in their structures, which could deprotonate at physiological pH values influencing their antioxidant activity. To get better insight into the effect of deprotonation on the TEAC antioxidant activity of catechin epimers, the pKa values for catechins were determined Table 2.

Table 2 also presents calculated relative DE of the most acidic hydroxyl groups in the catechin molecules. Moreover, from the plot of pKa 1 values for all catechins studied so far versus the DE values of the most acidic OH group in the catechin molecules Fig.

This equation could be used for prediction of the pKa 1 values of the compounds with the flavanol structure. From Fig. Moreover, the introduction of the galloyl moiety to a catechin molecule, as it is in ECG, GCG, and EGCG, results in further decrease in DE and pKa 1 values.

Plot of the pKa 1 values of tea catechins experimental and literature against the calculated deprotonation energies DE. The pKa 1 value of catechin C was taken from Kennedy et al. Figure 3 presents the pH-dependent TEAC profiles of the catechin epimers under study. From the plots presented, it follows that the radical scavenging activity of catechin epimers generally increases with an increase in pH of the surrounding medium.

These results are in accordance with the previous study on the pH-dependent radical scavenging capacity of some green tea catechins [ 14 ]. This increase for all the catechins studied occurs within physiological pH range.

pH-Dependent TEAC profiles of catechin epimers. a catechin C and epicatechin EC ; b gallocatechin GC and epigallocatechin EGC ; c gallocatechin gallate GCG and epigallocatechin gallate EGCG. Generally, pH-dependent TEAC antioxidant activity of C and EC is very similar Fig.

This leads to the conclusion that stereochemistry does not play a significant role in the antioxidant activity of these epimers.

Comparison of the pH-dependent TEAC profiles of the second pair of catechin epimers, that is, GC and EGC, indicates that the TEAC antioxidant activities of GC and EGC are very similar at pH range 2. At pH above 7. Because the decrease in the TEAC values of GC appears only at alkaline pH range, it was concluded that the reason might be rather poor stability of GC at higher pH values than the difference in steric structure of catechins studied.

To explain the decrease in the antioxidant activity of GC at pH above 7, additional experiment was performed to check the influence of alkaline pH of the medium on the GC stability. EGC concentration at pH 8. Literature data on the stability of EGC dissolved in buffers at the pH range from 3 to 11 [ 33 ] confirm our results showing that EGC is stable at alkaline pH.

It additionally supports the conclusion that the observed decrease in the TEAC antioxidant activity of GC comparing to its epimer EGC at pH above 7 is due to poor GC stability at alkaline medium.

Figure 3 c presents the pH-dependent TEAC profiles of the galloylated catechins, EGCG and GCG, which is the third pair of catechin epimers of this study.

Figure 3 c clearly reveals the influence of steric structure on the radical scavenging capacity of galloylated catechins at pH above 3. Moreover, the differences in the TEAC values of these epimers increase with increasing pH.

The TEAC antioxidant activity of EGCG at pH 8. Since the effect observed does not result from the instability or lower solubility of GCG at pH above 3. However, the pKa 1 values of both GCG and EGCG are nearly the same 7. To explain the increase in the TEAC value of catechins with increasing pH, that is, with deprotonation, theoretically calculated parameters, including OH BDE and IP for both the neutral N and monoanionic A forms, were compared to the TEAC values of catechins tested.

Table 2 presents the calculated data on the BDE and IP values, as well as the TEAC values for the neutral forms of the catechin molecules calculated from the assumption that the molecule is in its neutral form at pH value corresponding to pKa value minus 2.

From the comparison of the BDE values for the anionic and neutral forms of catechins, it could be concluded that BDE values do not change significantly upon deprotonation Table 2 and this excludes hydrogen atom donation as the main mechanism of the radical scavenging action at higher pH values.

In contrast, the parameter reflecting the ease of electron donation, that is, IP value, is much lower for the deprotonated forms of the catechins than for the neutral forms, reflecting easier electron donation upon deprotonation.

Therefore, the increase in electron-donating ability upon deprotonation could explain the increase in the TEAC values of catechins with increasing pH, and it can be concluded that electron donation is the dominant mechanism of antioxidant action of catechins upon their deprotonation.

Thus, upon deprotonation, the radical scavenging capacity of tea catechins increases because electron donation by the anionic form, rather than hydrogen atom donation by the neutral form, becomes the mechanism of action. This is in agreement with the previous findings reported for hydroxyflavones, anthocyanins, and some catechins [ 14 , 19 , 34 ].

Furthermore, it was found that the IP A value calculated for monoanionic form of GCG is about 5. Influence of stereochemistry on the radical scavenging properties of GCG and EGCG could be explained based on the theoretically predicted structures of the most stable forms of EGCG and GCG Fig.

Simultaneously, the lack of essential differences between the TEAC antioxidant activity of GCG and EGCG at pH range up to 3. Thus, due to stereochemistry, monoanion of GCG is worse electron donor than monoanion of EGCG, reflected by lower TEAC values of GCG than those of EGCG at pH above 3.

Altogether, the results obtained reveal that biological activity of galloylated catechins will probably be influenced by their steric structure.

This may explain similarity of IP A values of appropriate epimers they differ only about 0. Additional results of the present study revealed the existence of an intermolecular antagonism of antioxidant active structural elements present in GCG.

From the comparison of the pH-dependent TEAC profile of GCG to the theoretically calculated curve of GCG obtained by summing up the pH-dependent TEAC profiles of GC and methyl gallate MG , the last representing galloyl moiety, it could be concluded that the TEAC values of this particular gallate ester could not be modeled by taking the sum of the TEAC values of GC and MG over the wide pH range tested.

The TEAC values of GCG determined experimentally are lower over the pH range 3. Based on the results of the present study, showing the influence of stereochemistry on radical scavenging activity of galloylated catechins, that is, GCG and EGCG, it was concluded that stereochemistry influences antagonistically the antioxidant action of pyrogallol and galloyl moieties in GCG molecule because the experimental TEAC values of GCG are lower over pH range above 3.

There are no literature experimental data on the possible influence of stereochemistry on pH-dependent TEAC profile of GCG. pH-Dependent TEAC profile of gallocatechin gallate GCG and the theoretical curve representing the sum of gallocatechin GC and methyl gallate MG TEAC curves.

Based on the comparison of pH-dependent radical scavenging activity of three pairs of catechin epimers, it was revealed that stereochemistry influences radical scavenging activity of galloylated catechins GCG and EGCG.

In case of non-galloylated catechins, C and EC as well as GC and EGC, steric structure has no essential influence on their pH-dependent radical scavenging activities. The difference between radical scavenging activity of GCG and its epimer EGCG at pH higher than 3.

It was concluded that due to steric hindrance in GCG molecule, the IP A value of GCG monoanion increases, reflecting lower radical scavenging capacity of GCG in comparison with EGCG. Arts IC, van de Putte B, Hollman PC Catechin contents of foods commonly consumed in The Netherlands.

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EGCG in green tea has been studied to have an anti-cancer effect, it has angiogenesis inhibition, protects DNA from carcinogenic agents, and promotes cancer cell apoptosis10, Consuming green tea regularly helps avoiding cardiovascular disease by increasing anti-inflammatory activity, while antioxidant substances in green tea help reducing the amount of oxidant in the body, inhibiting pro-thrombotic contents that prevent vessel occlusion, and reducing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein LDL.

Antimicrobial properties in green tea prevent cell membrane damage, inhibit enzyme and bacterial fatty acid synthesis, restrict the virus binding on host cells, and have synergism effects with antibiotics and antifungal.

Furthermore, EGCG is beneficial to maintain the bone homeostasis, not only to enhance Runt-related transcription factor 2 RUNX2 and osterix expressions but also to decrease Nuclear Factors Associated T Cell-1 NFATc1 and Sclerostin expression in the bone metabolism to boost the bone remodeling and reduce the bone resorption.

Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze EGCG in East Javanese green tea Camellia sinensis methanolic extract GTME in vitro study through phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, functional groups, and element characterization analysis.

In this study, we successfully isolate 4. Phytochemical screening of East Javanese GTME Extract reveals that EGCG has alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid and steroid properties. EGCG in East Javanese GTME has strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value as much as The FTIR results of this study exhibits the function and structure of EGCG.

In EGCG, the tip of peak cm-1 shows the presence of hydroxyl bonds of EGCG. EDX is used to examine the elemental composition and heavy metals in EGCG. To sum up, the group of compounds contained in the East Javanese GTME are flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids.

EGCG as a bioactive ingredient contained in the East Javanese GTME has strong antioxidant activity. Finally, further study needs to be done to manufacture EGCG East Javanese Green Tea as an herbal medicine for health benefits. Phytochemical, antioxidant activity, structural and chemical element analyses of Epigallocatechin Gallate in East Javanese green tea extract.

UNAIR NEWS. Juni 30, East Java green tea. Source: Travel Kompas. Prev Sebelumnya Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Peripheral Nervous Injury. Selanjutnya Tourism governance design in colonial-era Surabaya Next.

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Download references. This work was supported by the China national key research and development program YFD , the China Hangzhou Agricultural and Social Development Scientific Research Key Project A06 , the Hangzhou Science and Technology Commissioner Project , China Zhejiang key research and development program C , the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA CARS , the Innovation Project for Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, , China. Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, , China. Institute of Food Chemistry, Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, , Braunschweig, Germany. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Conceptualization, supervision, writing and review—original draft preparation. Investigation and writing—original draft preparation.

Analysis and interpretation. W and Y. Editing and formal analysis. and U. Data collection. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Jianyong Zhang. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Reprints and permissions. Zhang, J. Separation and antioxidant activities of new acetylated EGCG compounds. Sci Rep 13 , Download citation. Received : 15 March Accepted : 26 November Published : 28 November Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Analytical chemistry Biochemistry. Abstract Acetylation could improve the bioavailability of - -EpigallocatechinGallate EGCG , but the relationship of substitution degree and antioxidant capacity of acetylated EGCG was unclear.

Introduction Epigallocatechin gallate EGCG is the key bioactive component of tea catechins. Preparation separation of EGCG acetylating modification The EGCG sample 1.

Analysis of EGCG acetylating compounds High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC analysis method: HPLC system SQDMS, Waters Corporation, USA equipped with a pump, an auto sampler, detector.

Antioxidant activity analysis The antioxidant activities of Fr. Statistical analysis Statistical calculations were performed using the SPSS Results and discussion Isolation and analysis of EGCG acetylation The Fr. Figure 1. The chemical structure of EGCG a and AcEGCG b.

Full size image. Figure 2. The chemical structure of 5-Acetyl- - -EGCG. Figure 3. The chemical structure of 7-Acetyl- - -EGCG. Figure 4.

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Meanwhile, Indonesia is the seventh largest tea producer in the world with East Java is one of the provinces which has the biggest tea production in Indonesia, with the total tea production around 2, tons in with about 2,hectare production area.

Moreover, Indonesian tea is known for its high catechins content and approved by The International Society of Antioxidant in Health and Nutrition ISAHN as the highest tea catechin content in the world. Catechin, a compound that determines tea quality, is known for polyphenol derivatives that have high antioxidant properties.

Catechin levels are affected by the tea variety, the elevation of plantation, the age of tea leaves, the harvesting time, and the production method. If compared to other types of tea, green tea has a higher amount of catechin because it is processed after harvesting. East Javanese green tea is believed to have a plentiful amount of catechin.

Likewise, green tea has four main catechins; they are - -epicatechin EC , - - epigallocatechin EGC , - -epicatechingallate ECG , and - -epigallocatechingallate EGCG.

EGCG is the most studied catechin derivate and it has an abundant amount compared to another catechins. Green tea is well-known to have great health benefits which put EGCG to play important role. EGCG in green tea has been studied to have an anti-cancer effect, it has angiogenesis inhibition, protects DNA from carcinogenic agents, and promotes cancer cell apoptosis10, Consuming green tea regularly helps avoiding cardiovascular disease by increasing anti-inflammatory activity, while antioxidant substances in green tea help reducing the amount of oxidant in the body, inhibiting pro-thrombotic contents that prevent vessel occlusion, and reducing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein LDL.

Antimicrobial properties in green tea prevent cell membrane damage, inhibit enzyme and bacterial fatty acid synthesis, restrict the virus binding on host cells, and have synergism effects with antibiotics and antifungal.

Furthermore, EGCG is beneficial to maintain the bone homeostasis, not only to enhance Runt-related transcription factor 2 RUNX2 and osterix expressions but also to decrease Nuclear Factors Associated T Cell-1 NFATc1 and Sclerostin expression in the bone metabolism to boost the bone remodeling and reduce the bone resorption.

Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze EGCG in East Javanese green tea Camellia sinensis methanolic extract GTME in vitro study through phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, functional groups, and element characterization analysis.

A few of them include:. One of the most significant benefits of EGCG and other catechins are their antioxidant properties. Compounds with antioxidant properties are molecules that fight free radicals — uncharged, unstable molecules that are highly reactive with surrounding compounds and can cause damage to cells, proteins, and even DNA.

Continued damage to proteins negatively affects their ability to perform important functions within the body. Similarly, damage to cells has been linked to cancer, excess aging, and cell death.

Studies have shown that by interacting with and neutralizing these free radicals, antioxidants like EGCG prevent the damage and cell death that may occur.

The other major benefit of EGCG is its anti-inflammatory properties, which are closely linked to its function as an antioxidant. When free radicals overburden the body, they begin to oxidize — or transfer electrons to — other molecules. Over-oxidation causes stress on the body and results in inflammation of various tissues.

Over time, chronic inflammation — or, the prolonged state of inflammation in any part of the body — is thought to have a negative impact on the affected tissues. Inflammation has been linked to numerous health issues, including asthma, cancer and diabetes. The study mentioned above demonstrated that EGCG has the ability to suppress the expression of inflammatory compounds and enzymes that cause harm to the body.

Less inflammation means less pain; for many people, less pain means more movement, which is one way this supplement organically helps with weight loss. Research shows that EGCG may help support heart and circulatory health in multiple ways, such as:. EGCG has also been associated with brain and neurological health benefits.

Studies in mice and rats have positively linked injections of EGCG to increased neural cell production in these animals, showing a potential to help with regeneration of neural cells after a brain injury.

The previously mentioned antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may be able to reduce oxidation and cell death within the brain, and speed regeneration and healing of crucial neural cells.

In one study , researchers gave mice on a high cornstarch diet EGCG and monitored the resulting effects on blood sugar. The resulting blood sugar spike was significantly reduced as compared to mice without EGCG, suggesting that EGCG may help the body process sugars associated with starchy foods.

Another study showed decreases in insulin resistance in human subjects given EGCG extracts, which may benefit those with Type I diabetes. Potentially one of the most discussed and best-researched benefits of EGCG is its ability to aid in weight loss. In particular, EGCG taken together with caffeine has been shown to be a relatively potent weight loss tool.

This is convenient, since most non-supplemental EGCG exists within tea, a natural source of caffeine. Though studies have shown the supplement itself seems to boost weight loss, it also encourages the body to work more healthily — adding to its effectiveness as a weight loss supplement.

In fact, many other benefits of this compound boost its power to help users drop pounds. It decreases inflammation. Less inflammation means less pain; for many people, less pain means more movement and more movement means more opportunities to burn calories, which is one way this supplement organically helps with weight loss.

It stabilizes blood sugar. J Chem Sci — Frei B, Higdon JV Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in vivo: evidence from animal studies. Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids.

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Food Chem — Miura Y, Chiba T, Miura S, Tomita I, Umegaki K, Ikeda M, Tomita T Green tea polyphenols flavan 3-ols prevent oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins: an ex vivo studies in humans. J Nutr Biochem — Muzolf-Panek M, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A, de Haan L, Aarts JMMJG, Szymusiak H, Vervoort JM, Tyrakowska B, Rietjens IMCM Role of catechin quinones in the induction of EpRE-mediated gene expression.

Chem Res Toxicol — Simos Y, Karkabounas S, Verginadis I, Charalampidis P, Filiou D, Charalabopoulos K, Zioris I, Kalfakakou V, Evangellou A Intra-peritoneal application of catechins and EGCG as in vivo inhibitors of ozone-induced oxidative stress. Phytomedicine — Kennedy JA, Munro MHG, Powell HKJ, Porter LJ, Yeap Foo L The protonation reactions of catechin, epicatechin and related compounds.

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Borkowski T, Szymusiak H, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A, Rietjens IMCM, Tyrakowska B Radical scavenging capacity of wine anthocyanins is strongly pH-dependent. Download references. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s and the source are credited.

Department of Food Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Science, Wojska Polskiego 31, , Poznań, Poland. Faculty of Commodity Science, The Poznań University of Economics, al. Niepodległości 10, , Poznań, Poland.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Małgorzata Muzolf-Panek. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2. Reprints and permissions. Muzolf-Panek, M. et al. The influence of stereochemistry on the antioxidant properties of catechin epimers.

Eur Food Res Technol , — Download citation. Received : 19 July Revised : 04 September Accepted : 05 September Published : 25 September Issue Date : December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download PDF. Abstract The influence of stereochemistry on the radical scavenging activity of catechins was investigated by studying the effect of pH on the antioxidant properties of catechin epimers.

Investigation of antioxidant activity of epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin as compared to resveratrol and ascorbic acid: experimental and theoretical insights Article 31 March Binary combinations of natural phenolic compounds with gallic acid or with its alkyl esters: an approach to understand the antioxidant interactions Article 26 December How does the presence of an oxyradical influence the behavior of polyphenolic antioxidant?

A case study on gallic acid Article 19 June Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript. Introduction Catechins flavanols are very important components of human diet.

Structure of the catechins of the present study. Full size image. Solubility of gallocatechin GC and gallocatechin gallate GCG Solubility of GC and GCG was checked by absorbance measurements at nm. Determination of gallocatechin GC , epigallocatechin EGC , and gallocatechin gallate GCG stability using HPLC GC, EGC, and GCG final concentration of 20 µM were dissolved in buffer of appropriate pH 7.

Determination of pKa The pKa values of GCG and GC were determined from their absorption spectra as a function of pH as described by Sauerwald et al.

Quantum mechanical calculations The geometries of catechins and their epimers were fully optimized with the B3LYP hybrid density functional theory DFT by using a G d,p basis set as implemented in the Gaussian 98 computational package.

Results and discussion Catechin epimers are good scavengers of free radicals such as peroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrate, and hypochlorous acid [ 22 ]. Table 1 Antioxidant activity of catechin epimers in various assays Full size table.

Table 2 Literature, experimental, and theoretically predicted p K a values, calculated relative deprotonation energies DE , TEAC values of neutral forms of catechins, bond dissociation energies BDE as well as ionization potentials IP for neutral N and monoanionic forms A of catechin epimers Full size table.

The structures of the most stable monoanions of a EGCG and b GCG. Conclusions Based on the comparison of pH-dependent radical scavenging activity of three pairs of catechin epimers, it was revealed that stereochemistry influences radical scavenging activity of galloylated catechins GCG and EGCG.

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