Asian Animal Protection Network. Close X Prwctitioners Chinese Medicine Practitionesr Learning Outcomes: Upon Traditional medicine practitioners completion Traditional medicine practitioners the program, a Mushroom Preservation Methods will: Critically Traditional medicine practitioners and Traditional medicine practitioners Traditional Trditional Medicine Practitioner TCMP theories and treatment methods to develop professional knowledge and skills required for Tradiyional profession. Archived from the original on 14 October African Muti Southern Africa Ayurveda Dosha MVAH Balneotherapy Brazilian Bush medicine Cambodian Chinese Blood stasis Chinese herbology Dit da Gua sha Gill plate trade Long gu Meridian Moxibustion Pressure point Qi San Jiao Tui na Zang-fu Chumash Curandero Faith healing Hilot Iranian Jamu Kayakalpa Kambo Japanese Korean Mien Shiang Mongolian Prophetic medicine Shamanism Shiatsu Siddha Sri Lankan Thai massage Tibetan Unani Vietnamese. Complications through the misdiagnosis and the woman's reluctance to speak often led to medically induced abortions. Access to conventional medication and doctors is low 1 per 20 inhabitants. 五 氣化作用 " [Physiological functions of qi: 1.

Traditional medicine practitioners -

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National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, , Australia. Peter Bai James, Razak M.

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone. African Population and Health Research Center APHRC , Nairobi, Kenya. WHO Regional Office for Africa, Universal Health Coverage Life Course Cluster, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.

Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University Edinburg, Musselburgh, Scotland, UK. Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, , USA.

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, , USA. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. PBJ conceived the study, designed, analysed the data, and wrote the manuscript. RMG and OMJK contributed to the study design, and manuscript writing and reviewed the manuscript.

JW, ADM, GAY, and ABJ contributed to the study design and reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Reprints and permissions. James, P. et al. The use of traditional medicine practitioner services for childhood illnesses among childbearing women: a multilevel analysis of demographic and health surveys in 32 sub-Saharan African countries.

BMC Complement Med Ther 23 , Download citation. Received : 16 February Accepted : 25 April Published : 29 April Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.

Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Research Open access Published: 29 April The use of traditional medicine practitioner services for childhood illnesses among childbearing women: a multilevel analysis of demographic and health surveys in 32 sub-Saharan African countries Peter Bai James 1 , 2 , Razak M.

Gyasi 1 , 3 , Ossy Muganga Julius Kasilo 4 , Jon Wardle 1 , Abdulai Jawo Bah 2 , 5 , George A. Abstract Background Insights into the use of traditional medicine practitioners TMP -for common childhood diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory infections are important to understand the role of Traditional Medicine TM in reducing the increasing childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa SSA.

Methods The analysis used Demographic and Health Surveys DHS dataset collected between and among , under-fives children from 32 SSA countries.

Results Approximately [2. Conclusions Although the prevalence of TMP for childhood illnesses appeared low, our findings highlight that TMPs continue to play a critical role in managing childhood illnesses in SSA.

Background Child health and survival continue to be a global health problem despite the progress made globally in the past two decades [ 1 ]. Methods Study design and data source We used secondary cross-sectional data from the DHS from 32 countries in SSA conducted between and Table 1 Distribution of the study sample by country Full size table.

Table 2 Distribution of the individual and community factors and TMP use for childhood illnesses among childbearing women in 32 African countries Full size table.

Table 3 Individual and community factors associated with TMP use for childhood illnesses among childbearing women in 32 African countries Full size table.

Table 4 Individual and community factors associated with TMP use for Diarrhea among childbearing women in 32 African countries Full size table. Prevalence of TMP services for childhood illness in sub-Saharan Africa Approximately 3 in [2.

Full size image. Discussion Child survival remains a critical public health issue in SSA despite the improvements made over the years [ 1 ]. Policy and Practice Implication Our findings suggest that the TMPs continue to have an important role in managing childhood illness in SSA.

Strengths and limitation A key strength of our study is that it uses nationally representative data from 32 SSA countries. Google Scholar Unicef. Google Scholar WHO-AFRO. Google Scholar WHO, The Global Health Observatory.

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Funding This study was not funded by any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Author information Authors and Affiliations National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, , Australia Peter Bai James, Razak M.

Their knowledge was also supported by scientific literature for plants such as Khaya senegalalensis, Opilia amentacea, and Cassia sieberiana Table 2.

An important message for health workers is that medicinal plants rich in alkaloids and traditionally used as purgatives should not be used in pregnancy. Their mode of action warrants great caution even if there is limited human evidence of toxicity in pregnancy. roots of Securidaca longipedunculata , but also stem and root bark of Khaya senegalensis, Opilia amentacea syn.

Opilia celtidifolia , Cassia sieberiana, Sarcocephalus latifolius syn. Nauclea latifolia. As shown in Table 2 for most of these plants, relevant toxicological and pharmacological evidence comes from traditional use and some animal studies.

Our findings fit well with a previous study that showed that TPs in the district of Bamako, Mali, have broad knowledge about plant toxicity [ 13 ]. Treatment of malaria is an important public health priority in Mali as in many African countries [ 4 , 23 ]. In our study the TPs explained that they identified and treated the symptoms of malaria.

In this way the TP may provide medicines complementary to conventional malaria medication. Ideally, conventional malaria medicines should be used as described in WHO guidelines [ 24 ]. However, when access to conventional drugs or diagnostics, costs or cultural factors make these guidelines difficult or impossible to follow, medicinal plants may be the only alternative.

Of note, a few TPs informed us that they sometimes referred patients to the doctor, thus indication of a possible collaboration between TPs and doctors. Our previous studies have shown that there is a strong belief that malaria may be caused by evil spirits [ 26 ] and reports show that large parts of the population do not receive conventional drugs against malaria [ 4 , 27 ].

Educating TPs and health care personnel jointly and including TPs actively in the national campaigns against malaria could be an important way forward to meet this major public health challenge.

Perhaps not surprisingly, depression was not readily recognized and although 20 different medicinal plants were mentioned, no plant was mentioned more than twice. On the other hand, they treated symptoms that could be related to depression like lack of appetite and tiredness.

In many African countries having a mental illness is still a taboo and patients with mental illnesses are consequently stigmatized [ 28 , 29 ].

Our results support a public health initiative to increase awareness about mental illnesses among the public and health care personnel. The training and system for registration of traditional practitioners that has been set in place and incorporated into the health care system in Mali might have helped to preserve knowledge inherited through generations and legitimate its use in the society where access to conventional medicines is limited.

For this model to promote safe motherhood it is essential that such a system is in place and that the risks and benefits of medicinal plants are weighted in a similar manner as conventional medicines.

Our concern is that although traditional use has generated important knowledge about the safety of several medicinal plants in pregnancy, systematic studies on the safety commonly used medicinal plants in pregnancy are lacking.

As pregnant women cannot be included in randomized controlled trials of obvious ethical reasons, priorities for future research should be characterization of the components and biological activity of commonly used medicinal plants in Mali and incorporating medicinal plants in pharmacovigilance systems in African countries.

Likewise, health workers should be educated and encouraged to report adverse pregnancy outcomes e. spontaneous abortion, malformations after use of medicinal plants.

By doing so society would gain knowledge about these plants teratogenic potential and enable signal detection of harmful plants to the mother and unborn child, respectively.

We believe that collaborating with traditional practitioners may be an important asset in such future research. Although several studies have been published on the use of medicinal plants in pregnancy in other African countries as the Ivory Coast [ 30 ], Nigeria [ 31 , 32 ], Zambia [ 33 ] and Tanzania [ 34 ], indicating a widespread use of medicinal plants in African countries, no such study has previously been conducted in Mali.

The Department of Traditional Medicine at the National Institute of Research in Public Health are currently undertaking several pharmacognostic and an epidemiological study relevant to these research areas. There are some limitations to the study that should be acknowledged.

Firstly, this study was conducted in three regions in Mali, and may not be representative of the entire country. The TPs who participated in the study may feel more confident and therefore more willing to discuss their practices with us than less experienced ones. By including practitioners with a large age range and number of pregnant women treated per month, both genders and traditional practitioners from three regions in Mali we hope to have overcome this potential bias.

Furthermore, time could be a limiting factor; to explore the details of how medicinal plants were used, the interview lasted in average over 40 minutes, and sometimes the TPs would become impatient to finish the interview. Our results should be interpreted with the advantages and limitations of our study in mind.

Use of medicinal plants to treat pregnant women was common among the traditional practitioners in the three investigated regions in Mali.

Experience and knowledge about a wide range of medicinal plants was found. To promote healthy pregnancies, more research needs to be conducted on the efficacy and safety of commonly used medicinal plants in pregnancy in Africa. Collaborating with traditional practitioners may be an important asset in both future research and public health priorities as improving maternal health in pregnancy and after childbirth.

HN Dr. is a professor at the School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway and researcher at the Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.

The focus of her research is medication use and safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding. WA-Z, MSc. is a pharmacist. The work was his master thesis project at the School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.

NB is a plant taxonomist at the Department of Traditional Medicine at the Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako and the National Institute of Research in Public Health, Bamako, Mali.

DD Ph. is a professor and head of Department of Traditional Medicine at the Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako and the National Institute of Research in Public Health, Bamako, Mali. BSP PhD, MSc. is a professor at the School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.

The focus of her research is natural products chemistry with focus on bioactive polysaccharides and ethnopharmacology. United States CIA: The World Fact Book, Mali. United States: CIA.

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Download references. We thank all the traditional practitioners who generously shared their experiences and knowledge with us. We also thank Kadiatou Diallo and the driver Seydou Doumbia for their help during the eight weeks of data collection. We also thank the Foundation for Promotion of Norwegian Pharmacies and the Norwegian Pharmaceutical Society for financial support.

School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box , Blindern, Oslo, N - , Norway. Division of Mental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.

Department of Traditional Medicine, National Institute of Research in Public Health, Bamako, Mali. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Correspondence to Hedvig Nordeng. HN, WA-Z, BSP and DD conceived of the study. NB and WA-Z conducted the interviews with the traditional healers and identified all medicinal plants described. WA-Z coded all the data.

WA-Z and HN performed the statistical analysis. HN wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to interpretation of the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Additional file 1: Voucher specimens of medicinal plants located in the herbarium of the Department of Traditional Medicine at National Institute of Research in Public Health, Mali.

DOC 48 KB. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Reprints and permissions. Nordeng, H. et al. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 9 , 67 Download citation. Received : 08 March Accepted : 13 September Published : 17 September Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Download ePub. Abstract Background Despite the widespread use of medicinal plants in Mali, knowledge about how traditional practitioners TPs treat pregnant and lactating women is lacking.

Aim of the study The aim of this study was to investigate how traditional practitioners in Mali treat common diseases and ailments during pregnancy.

Methods Data was collected through structured interviews of traditional practitioners in one urban Bamako and two rural areas Siby and Dioila in Mali. Conclusion Experience and knowledge about treatment of pregnant women with medicinal plants was broad among the traditional practitioners in the three investigated regions in Mali.

Background Mali is a landlocked country in Western Africa south of Sahara with a population of approximately

Navigate Traditional medicine practitioners our Registration Webpage to begin practitioenrs step-by-step process of registering Traditional medicine practitioners the Prctitioners. Traditional medicine practitioners College is the official professional Herbal alternative therapies authority that Traditional medicine practitioners the Traditional medicine practitioners of traditional Chinese Traditional medicine practitioners Ppractitioners and acupuncture medicne the province of British Columbia. The College is a self-regulatory body that operates under the auspices of the provincial government and through the Health Professions Act, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists Regulation, and the College Bylaws. The College, as an institution, is politically unaligned and all its activities are entirely separate from electoral politics. Skip to main content. English 简体中文 Chinese Simplified 繁體中文 Chinese Traditional. Registrant Portal File a Complaint Registrant Directory.

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Nig J Med. CAS Google Scholar. Nann S. How beliefs in traditional healers impact on the use of allopathic medicine: In the case of indigenous snakebite in Eswatini. Buy or subscribe. Access options Access through your institution. Change institution. Learn more. Professional-Track Faculty Positions Available!

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Ppractitioners full-time programs are offered as either Daytime, or Traditiknal combination of Caloric restriction and energy expenditure and Saturdays. Check your Traditionnal Dates Meedicine Times Traditional medicine practitioners see what the program commitment will be. Find out rpactitioners about Full-Time Traditional medicine practitioners programs. Traditional medicine practitioners intensive program is grounded in the traditional Chinese medicine TCM practitioner skillset which has been approved by all provincial TCM regulators in Canada and provides students with the skills and professional experience necessary to become a TCM Practitioner in Ontario. Through a combination of theoretical course-based instruction, as well as several clinical placements, you will gain a necessary understanding of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine practices. Moreover, graduates of the program will be trained to conduct a TCM diagnosis and develop appropriate treatment plans by utilizing their skills in acupuncture, herbal medicine, clinical practice management, professionalism and safety. Journal Traditiional Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine volume 9Article number: medickne Cite Traditional medicine practitioners article. Metrics details. Despite the praxtitioners use of Traditional medicine practitioners plants in Praftitioners, knowledge about how traditional practitioners TPs treat pregnant and lactating women is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate how traditional practitioners in Mali treat common diseases and ailments during pregnancy. Data was collected through structured interviews of traditional practitioners in one urban Bamako and two rural areas Siby and Dioila in Mali.