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How rewards help recovery from addictionRecovery for individuals with prescription medication dependence -
Over-the-counter NSAIDs such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be as, if not more, effective. Additionally, new non-opioid medicines and non-medicine tools such as massage, acupuncture, psychotherapy and mindfulness have proven to dramatically improve quality of life for those with a history of chronic pain.
These drugs are generally prescribed for anxiety and they can also be highly addictive. Their effect is quite similar to that of alcohol for most people. Persons in recovery should consult with their addiction psychiatrist as well as other mental health professionals in order to determine alternative methods of dealing with anxiety.
In fact, research has demonstrated that in the long term, therapy is more effective than benzodiazepines for dealing effectively with anxiety.
There are drugs that are not fully benzodiazepines but that have similar effects and addictive potential. They are generally prescribed for sleep. Persons in recovery should clearly ask both their prescriber and their pharmacist about abuse potential of any medicine they take. Also, like with anxiety, sleeping problems are best resolved without medicine in the long run.
The research on the continued use of psychostimulants by those with confirmed diagnoses of ADHD is mixed. However, for the vast majority of persons in recovery, psychostimulants should be avoided as they have a high abuse potential.
For those with ADHD and in recovery, there are alternative medications such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SNRIs that are effect and are not addictive. You can help by having an open dialogue with your child about medications and monitoring symptoms that may signal a relapse either from substance user disorder or mental health problems.
Often your son or daughter might start to feel better and discontinue medication without discussing it with his or her doctor. Sometimes he or she will be reluctant to take medications because of side effects. Doctors will be able to assess the situation to determine if the dosage is right or needs to be increased, another medication needs to be added, or the medication needs to be discontinued and, if so, how to taper off of it in the safest way.
Sometimes, side effects like drowsiness can be addressed by taking the medication at a different time of the day or splitting the dose, taking part of it in the morning and the rest in the evening. Regardless of the situation, the best course of action is to discuss concerns with the prescriber rather than try to figure this out without professional guidance.
One size does not fit all by any means, and what is good for one person may not be for another. This is why no one need go it alone. With your son or daughter in recovery, he or she will find great solace in establishing relationships with medical professionals who understand addiction, and clearly communicating their history of substance use disorder to all practitioners.
John is a Master Certified Addictions Professional and a Certified Mental Health Professional in the State of Florida. Call 1. On This Page. Related Reading Alternatives to Opioids. Is my child still in recovery if they take psychiatric medication? Is a specialist needed to help with medication management?
What health care providers need to know. Babies born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome are more likely to suffer from low birthweight, breathing problems, feeding problems, seizures, or birth defects.
Brain chemicals e. dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, GABA, etc. that communicate information throughout the body by transmitting signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. Imbalances in key neurotransmitters and neurotransmission can create cravings and mood instability.
Learn more about: The brain in recovery. A toxic colorless or yellowish oily liquid that is the chief active constituent of tobacco. It acts as a stimulant in small doses, but in larger amounts blocks the action of autonomic nerve and skeletal muscle cells acting as a depressant.
A characterization of opposition by residents to a proposed development within their local area, such as for addiction treatment centers or harm reduction programs. It often correlates with strong fears of increased crime, poverty, drug use, or community degradation.
The term tends to carry the connotation that residents would tolerate or even support the new development, if it was not proposed in such close proximity to themselves i.
The number needed to treat NNT is the average number of people who need to be treated to achieve one additional good outcome. The ideal number need to treat is 1, where everyone in the treatment group improves when no one in the control group improves.
The higher the NNT, the less effective is the treatment. Intended to educate the public and concerned significant others about the nature and scope of step meetings. A drug derived directly from the natural opium poppy plant see opioid. Chronic repeated use of opioids can lead to tolerance, physical dependence and addiction.
When used, this term could imply that one is simply swapping one addiction for another, replacing an illegal opioid, such as heroin, with a longer acting but less euphoric opioid. Research has shown that with or without psychosocial support, opioid agonist and antagonist medications are effective treatments for opioid use disorder.
A theory of motivation and emotion used as a model for drug addiction, that postulates that emotions are pairs of opposites. When one emotion is experienced, the other is suppressed e.
an individual experiences purely pleasurable effects from a drug, but once the drug is no longer active, the individual experiences only negative effects. Overtime, the purely pleasurable effects of the drug wear off from repeated exposure, and the individual takes the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
A professionally delivered substance use disorder treatment modality that requires daily to weekly attendance at a clinic or facility, allowing the patient to return home or to other living arrangements during non-treatment hours.
Medications directly obtainable in a pharmacy by a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare provider. Oxford Houses are a type of self-sustaining recovery residence, first developed in They are non-professional, and require that residents are abstinent from alcohol and other drugs.
While they are not affiliated with step mutual-help organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous, members are traditionally encouraged — though not mandated — to attend meetings. Members pay rent, and can stay there as long as needed, provided they follow house rules.
While there is a manual that lays the initial groundwork for a new Oxford House to aid in quality control, decisions around consequences for individuals who break rules are up to the other house members.
House leadership positions are limited to 6 months so that members all have a chance to be decision makers. Under the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act , both private and public insurers are obligated to provide comprehensive and equitable coverage for substance use disorder and mental health treatment and services.
The Parity Act requires standards for substance use and mental health benefits to be comparable to — and no more restrictive than — the standards for other medical conditions. A time-limited, intensive, clinical service that is often medically monitored but is a step in intensity below inpatient hospitalization.
A patient may participate in clinical services all day long for days to weeks but resides at home. Definitions of levels of care may vary by state. An attempt by a clinician or service worker to connect a patient with substance use disorder to another service. How well patients are equipped to take an active role in their addiction related care, and to use the primary care services available to them, are unclear.
Healthcare legislation enacted on March 23, , making substance use disorders one of the ten elements of essential health benefits in the United States. It requires that Medicaid and all insurance plans sold on the Health Insurance Exchange provide services for substance use disorder treatment at the same level as other medical procedures.
View infographic: The Last 50 Years in Addiction Laws. Also known as mutual help organizations, peer support groups are structured non-clinical relationships, in which individuals participate in activities that engage, educate, and support patients recovering from substance use disorder.
Peer to peer groups include such organizations as: AA, NA, Smart Recovery, All Recovery groups, LIfeRing, Women for Sobriety, and online forums. As part of a larger treatment plan, peer providers offer valuable guidance and connection to individuals in recovery through the process of sharing their own experiences in recovery from substance use disorder.
A linguistic prescription structuring sentences to name the person first and the condition or disease from which they suffer, second. Read more about: How to correctly talk about addiction. Read more about: Does it really matter how we talk about addiction?
An intense euphoric feeling experienced by some individuals in early recovery from substance use disorder in which the patient experiences highly positive and optimistic sentiments. stigma alert This term may be stigmatizing when used to describe tolerance and withdrawal, as the term implies true dependence.
However, this term does not meet the World Health Organization WHO International Classification of Diseases ICD diagnostic criteria for dependence, which would include at lease one psychological component. A state agency that monitors physicians, residents and medical students who have substance use disorders, and psychiatric disorders, with the purpose to allow doctors to practice medicine while going through rehabilitation, while also protecting patients and maintaining a safe standard of care.
Confirmation of coverage by the insurance company for a service or product before receiving the service or product from the medical provider. This is also known as prior authorization.
stigma alert The use of a medication without a prescription or usage of a drug in a way other than as prescribed; or for the experience or euphoric feeling elicited. Kelly, Saitz, Wakeman, ; Kelly and Westerhoff, ; Kelly et al, etc. Medications available to consumers only with a specific written authorization from a healthcare provider.
A contradictory scenario whereby the majority of cases of substance-related harm come from a population at low or moderate risk of addiction, while only a minority of cases come from the population who are at high risk of substance-related harm.
A medical insurance term that requires patients and clinicians to seek approval from insurance providers before implementing a treatment service. Proposed by Richard Jessor in , Problem Behavior Theory is a conceptual framework that examines factors leading to adolescent substance use.
The theory proposes that behavior is tied to goals, and adolescent substance use results when a teen holds goals and values that are unconventional or do not align with typical social values of society.
A form of talk therapy that focuses on the psychological developmental histories and internal unconscious processes e. A major goal is to help the patient gain insight into these implicit processes to help resolve internal conflict and behavioral problems.
A negative consequence occurring following a behavior with the intention of decreasing the frequency of the behavior. These types of treatments tend to help people attain and maintain motivation to change addictive behaviors e. They can also involve significant others such as a marriage or domestic partner e.
The process of improved physical, psychological, and social well-being and health after having suffered from a substance use disorder. Read more about: the different definitions of recovery over time. The resources social, physical, human and cultural , which are necessary to begin and maintain recovery from substance use disorder.
Recovery coaches are most often in recovery themselves and therefore offer the lived experience of active addiction and successful recovery.
Read more about: The Recovery Coach Challenge. A center or hub that organizes recovery networks regionally and nationally to facilitate supportive relationships between individuals in recovery as well as family and friends of people in recovery.
Centers may provide advocacy training, peer support organization meetings, social activities, job linkage, and other community based services. Learn more about: recovery community centers. An independent, non-profit organization led and governed by representatives of local communities of individuals in recovery from a substance use disorder.
A coordinated network of community based services that involve a strengths-based and personalized approach to recovery and increases in quality of life. Learn more about: Recovery oriented systems of care.
The percentage of addicted persons undergoing treatment, who achieve abstinence or remission following treatment in some stated time period e. An alcohol- and drug-free living facility for individuals recovering from alcohol or other drug use disorders that often serves as an interim living environment between detoxification experiences or residential treatment and mainstream society.
Also known as Sober Houses, Sober Living Houses SLHs , Sober Living Homes, or Sober Living Environments. Learn more about: recovery residences.
hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, or antibodies. A clinical linkage strategy designed to enhance engagement with another clinical service, provider, or recovery support service see also: assertive linkage. The application or withdrawal of a stimulus or condition with the goal of increasing the frequency of a behavior.
Positive reinforcement uses the application of a reward following the behavior to increase behavior; negative reinforcement uses the withdrawal of a negative stimulus or condition to increase the frequency of behavior.
stigma alert Relapse often indicates a recurrence of substance use. More technically, it would indicate the recurrence and reinstatement of a substance use disorder and would require an individual to be in remission prior to the occurrence of a relapse.
The highest risk for recurrence of substance use disorder symptoms occurs during the first 90 days following the initial intervention. The risk for recurrence of symptoms decreases after 90 days.
This indicates that individuals attempting to recover from substance use disorder need the most intensive support during this first 3-month period, as individuals are experiencing substantial physiological, psychological, and social changes during this early recovery phase.
There is typically a greater sensitivity to stress and lowered sensitivity to reward that makes continued recovery challenging.
This term has a stigma alert, as it can imply a moral failing for some people. Learn more about: Relapse prevention. Hubbard et al. Relapse Prevention is a skills-based, cognitive-behavioral treatment approach that requires patients and their clinicians to identify situations that place the person at greater risk for relapse — both internal experiences e.
Read more about: relapse prevention. The complete absence of symptoms or the presence of symptoms but below a specified threshold. Long-term recovery from a substance use disorder is considered by many to occur after 5 years, at which time the likelihood of meeting criteria for substance use disorder in the following year is no greater than that of the general population.
A model of care for substance use disorder that houses affected individuals with others suffering from the same conditions to provide longer-term rehabilitative therapy in a therapeutic socially supportive milieu.
Also known sometimes as in-patient treatment , although more technically, is medically managed or monitored whereas residential treatment does not have to be.
Attributes e. See Infographic: Risk Factors For Addiction Development. An evidence-based method used to detect, reduce, and prevent problematic substance use and substance use disorder. A painful, negative emotion, which can be caused or exacerbated by conduct that violates personal values.
Can also stem from deeply held beliefs that one is somehow flawed and unworthy of love, support, and connection, leading to increased odds of isolation. A method of creating a population sample for a research study where individuals who are participating in the study invite people they know to also participate, who then invite people they know, and so on.
The quality or state of being sober. Detoxification in an organized residential setting to deliver non-medical support to achieve initial recovery from the effects of alcohol or another drug. Staff provide safe, twenty-four-hour monitoring, observation, and support in a supervised environment for patients.
Social detoxification is characterized by an emphasis on peer and social support for patients whose intoxication or withdrawal signs and symptoms require twenty-four-hour structure and support but do not require medically managed inpatient detoxification. see detox. Profits stem from selling goods and services in the open market, but profits are then reinvested back into the business or the local community.
This model has started to be used in addiction recovery settings. Learn more about: Employment-based recovery services. A volunteer who is currently practicing the step program of recovery espoused by Alcoholics Anonymous AA or other step mutual-help organizations e.
From the Transtheoretical Model TTM. The stages of change model is an integrative, biopsychosocial model used to conceptualize the process of intentional behavior change.
It emerged from research that found individuals move through a series of stages when modifying behavior. A sixth stage of relapse has also been suggested that occurs for many in the process of behavioral change before eventually reaching remission and recovery.
Learn more about: the stages of recovery. View infographic: Stages of Change Diagram. An attribute, behavior, or condition that is socially discrediting. Known to decrease treatment seeking behaviors in individuals with substance use disorders.
A psychoactive substance that increases or arouses physiologic or nervous system activity in the body. A stimulant will typically increase alertness, attention, and energy through a corresponding increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rates. Approved by the FDA in as a medication treatment for opioid dependence, Suboxone contains the active ingredients of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone.
The mixture of agonist and antagonist is intended to reduce craving while preventing misuse of the medication.
It was used in prior iterations of the DSM to signify the latter. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition DSM-IV , substance dependence is defined as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three or more of the following, occurring any time in the same month period:.
stigma alert The use of a substance for unintended or intended purposes in improper amounts or doses. Term has a stigma alert, as some people believe it implies negative judgement and blame. The clinical term describing a syndrome consisting of a coherent set of signs and symptoms that cause significant distress and or impairment during the same month period.
View Infographic: Diagnosing Substance Use Disorder. Someone who once met diagnostic criteria for an alcohol or other drug use disorder, and then no longer meets the threshold for the disorder for at least 1 year. A group of signs and symptoms that appear together and characterize a disease or medical condition.
Made synthetically or entirely from chemicals, and not made as a derivative of the original substance or plant e.
the opium poppy, marijuana plant, etc. Synthetic compounds produced in laboratories to mimic the effects of the active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol THC. While the intention of these compounds are to mimic the effects of marijuana, this is not always achieved.
As one strain of synthetic marijuana is banned and made illegal, new compound combinations are created to avoid regulation. The result is the ongoing creation of compounds that are structurally more and more different from the natural THC found in marijuana, increasing the potential risks associated.
Also known as K2, spice. A derisory term describing a member of a step program who makes romantic advances toward new, or newer, members of those organizations, who typically have less than one year of recovery.
Tolerance results in a need to increase the dosage of a drug overtime to obtain the same original effect obtained at a lower dose.
A state in which a substance produces a diminishing biological or behavioral response e. an increasingly higher dosage is needed to produce the same euphoric effect experienced initially.
A controversial approach to promotion of behavioral change through love or affectionate concern expressed in a stern or unsentimental manner as through discipline.
In the book, the authors outline a view of rehabilitation techniques parents should use with their addicted children that relies on consequences ranging from mild to severe such as: take legal custody of the children of the individual with substance use disorder, refusal to provide financial assistance, asking the individual to leave the home, or refusing to provide bail money or legal assistance.
If the child does not accept the rules of the house, the child is not allowed to stay in the house. When faced with the choice of being asked to leave the house, the ideal outcome would be that the child would choose sobriety.
Today a balance in the implementation of the tough love concept as a practice is suggested, and individuals should seek professional help rather than trying to produce results by themselves.
The management and care of a patient to combat a disease or disorder. Can take the form of medicines, procedures, or counseling and psychotherapy. Learn more about: The multiple pathways to recovery. Read more about: What makes a good addiction treatment program.
View Infographic: 11 Indicators of Effective Addiction Treatment. A specific stimulus that sets off a memory or flashback, transporting the individual back to a feeling, experience, or event which may increase susceptibility to psychological or physical symptom recurrence and reinstatement of substance use disorder.
An evidence-based clinical approach to substance use disorder treatment that is grounded in the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous AA and Narcotics Anonymous NA with the two primary goals of motivating the patient to develop a desire to cease using substances and to also acknowledge the need for active participation in community-based step mutual help organizations such as AA and NA as a means of maintaining recovery over the long-term.
Learn more about: step facilitation. A derisory term used to describe individuals in Alcoholic Anonymous AA or other step programs, who practice step one and portions of the 12 th step of the step program i.
Neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of thiamine vitamin B-1 , most commonly associated with alcohol use disorder.
See Korsakoff Syndrome; Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Also known as wet-brain. Physical, cognitive, and affective symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced abruptly or stopped among individuals who have developed tolerance to a drug.
Addictionary® Addiction Recovery Bulletin Library Research Projects CoARS Multimedia About Contact Us Menu. Search Search. If we want addiction destigmatized, we need a language that's unified. The words we use matter.
Caution needs to be taken, especially when the disorders concerned are heavily stigmatized as substance use disorders are.
Abstinence is typically interpreted as complete abstinence, defined below: Continuous abstinence: not consuming the drug of choice during a specified period of time Essentially abstinent: not consuming more than a specified amount of the drug over a period of time Minimal abstinence: achieving a minimal period of recovery during a period of time Point-in-time abstinence: not consuming the drug of choice at a single point in time e.
ABUSER Stigma Alert A person who exhibits impaired control over engaging in substance use or other reward-seeking behavior, such as gambling despite suffering severe harms caused by such activity. ACUTE CARE Immediate, short-term medically managed or monitored care, lasting up to 31 days in length.
ADDICT Stigma Alert A person who exhibits impaired control over engaging in substance use or other reward-seeking behavior, such as gambling despite suffering severe harms caused by such activity.
ADDICTION According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine ASAM , addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestation. Addiction is characterized by behaviors that include: Impaired control over drug use Compulsive use Continued use despite harm Cravings Ries, Learn more about: Addiction.
ADDICTION COUNSELOR Type of non-medically credentialed addiction treatment provider. ADDICTION MEDICINE PHYSICIAN A board-certified physician in some specialty e. ADDICTION TOURISM The practice of sending individuals with substance use disorder to treatment centers or rehabilitation facilities outside of their states of permanent residence.
AGONIST A substance that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Learn more about: Resources for Friends and Family Learn more about: Peer-Based Recovery Support. ALCOHOL A liquid that is or contains ethanol or ethyl alcohol produced by the fermentation of sugars.
ALCOHOLIC Stigma Alert A person who exhibits impaired control over engaging in alcohol use despite suffering severe harms caused by such activity. AA is a step program that revolves around its main text, known as the Big Book see Mutual-Help Organizations , Peer Support Group Learn more about: Peer-Based Recovery Support.
ALCOHOL USE DISORDER A problematic pattern of alcohol consumption, characterized by compulsive use of alcohol, impaired control over alcohol intake, and a negative emotional state when not using.
Learn more about: Motivational Interviewing and Motivational Enhancement Therapies MI MET Learn more about: The Stages of Change Model.
ANONYMOUS Literally means having no name. APPEAL A legal right for an insured individual, their provider, or an authorized representative to seek relief against a health plan or third party determination to deny or limit payment for requested behavioral or medical treatment and services.
ASSERTIVE LINKAGE A strategy designed to ensure a patient or client reaches the next level of clinical care or becomes connected to a recovery support resource. B BALANCE BILLING The amount you could be responsible for in addition to any co-payments, deductibles or coinsurance if you use an out-of-network provider, which may represent the fee for a particular service that exceeds what the insurance plan allows as the charge for that service.
BASIC TEXT The foundational text of the Narcotics Anonymous NA organization. BIG BOOK The nickname for the basic foundational text of the mutual-help organization, Alcoholics Anonymous AA. BINGE DRINKING Excessive alcohol consumption within a short time period.
According to NIAAA , binge drinking is any alcohol consumption that results in a blood alcohol concentration BAC level of 0. According to SAMHSA , binge drinking is 4 or more alcoholic drinks for women and 5 or more alcoholic drinks for men within a short amount of time.
BIPHASIC EFFECT OF ALCOHOL 2-phase : when consuming alcohol, the body first experiences an energizing or positive effect; this is subsequently followed, with continued consumption, by a depressant or negative effect of alcohol.
Appealing a Claim: The process to seek reversal of a denied behavioral health or medical claim. Most insurance carriers have their own process and timeline, but are subject to state and federal regulations. CLEAN stigma alert A reference to a state of a person being abstinent from drugs of misuse.
CLOSED MEETINGS Step meetings that are only available to individuals who identify with having a substance use disorder or think that they may have a substance use disorder and want to stop substance use. Cocaine can be: inhaled e.
smoked, or vapors inhaled , snorted, or injected. CODEINE An analgesic opioid synthetically produced for the treatment of mild to moderate pain that works by activating the reward centers of the brain to provide pain relief.
Side effects include headache, skin rash, constipation, changes in heart rate, hallucinations, loss of coordination, decreased sexual desire or irregular menstruation, and trouble breathing. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in , Codeine is frequently combined with acetaminophen Tylenol or aspirin as a prescription pain medication.
COERCION The intimidation of a victim to compel the individual to act against his or her will by the use of psychological pressure, physical force, or threats. COLD TURKEY Slang term for the abrupt and complete cessation in intake of an addictive substance. CO-PAYMENT A dollar amount that an insured patient is expected to pay at the time of service.
Two general coping strategies have been distinguished as: problem solving strategies active efforts to alleviate stressful circumstances emotion focused strategies to regulate the emotional consequences of stressful or potentially stressful events.
DENIAL In a psychological sense: denial describes individuals who deny substance use problems. It is the tendency of addicted individuals to either disavow or distort variables associated with their drinking or drug use in spite of evidence to the contrary.
Individuals may accurately recognize certain facts concerning their use, such as number of arrests or how often they drink, while at the same time, misperceive the impact that their use has on the individuals around them, their relationships, how they feel about themselves, or the implications of their substance use history.
Learn more about: addiction In an insurance sense: denial refers to the refusal of a request for payment or reimbursement of behavioral health or medical treatment services. Denied Claim: Non-payment of a claim for reimbursement of behavioral health or medical services delivered to the insured patient.
The insurance company must inform the patient of the non-payment of the claim and explain why the services are not being reimbursed. DEPOT INJECTION An injection of a medication that is intended to gradually disperse its therapeutic contents into the human body over a number of weeks.
DESIGNER DRUGS A synthetic analog of an illegal drug, devised to circumvent drug laws through changes to chemical compounds. DIRTY stigma alert A reference to a urine test that is positive for substance use.
DISEASE A particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function, that affects part or all of an organism. DISEASE MODEL OF ADDICTION Classifies addiction as a disease.
DOPE SICK stigma alert A slang term used to reference withdrawal symptoms from opioids, such as heroin. DRUG ABUSE stigma alert A term sometimes used to describe an array of problems resulting from intensive use of psychoactive substances.
Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous such as driving an automobile or operating a machine when impaired by substance use Recurrent substance-related legal problems such as arrests for substance related disorderly conduct Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance for example, arguments with spouse about consequences of intoxication and physical fights.
Read the research: The Real Stigma of Substance Use Disorders Kelly, Saitz, Wakeman, ; Kelly and Westerhoff, ; Kelly et al, DRUG CLASSES Substances can belong to one or more drug categories or classes.
Three common classes of commonly medications and non-medically used psychoactive substance include: opioids e. oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, morphine, heroin depressants diazepam, clonazepam, alcohol stimulants dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, cocaine.
DRUG COURTS Drug courts are problem-solving courts that operate under a specialized model in which the judiciary, prosecution, defense bar, probation, law enforcement, mental health, social service, and treatment communities work together to help non-violent offenders find restoration in recovery and become productive citizens.
Learn more about: National Association of Drug Court Professionals The Restorative Justice Center. DRUG DREAM Reoccurring dreams that occur during the recovery process from substance use disorder that concern depictions of substance use, often vivid in nature, and frequently involving a relapse scenario.
DRUG POLICY Government guidelines on the control and regulation of alcohol and other drugs considered dangerous, particularly those with addictive qualities. DUAL DIAGNOSIS Describes patients with both mental illness and substance use disorder.
DYSYNERGY The tendency of one addiction to predispose an individual to another type or form of addiction.
E EARLY RECOVERY The first year of remission from a substance use disorder. ECSTASY A synthetic substance with stimulant and hallucinogenic effects, that produces feelings of increased energy, euphoria, and distorted sensory and time perception.
Side effects include nausea, muscle cramping, involuntary teeth clenching, blurred vision, chills, and sweating. Read more about: Addiction in the workplace U. ENABLING stigma alert Actions that typically involve removing or diminishing the naturally occurring negative consequences resulting from substance use, increasing the likelihood of disease progression.
ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS As part of the Affordable Care Act, individual and small group health plans for individuals without job-based coverage were required to begin covering what were deemed essential health benefits, that fell into the 10 different categories of:.
UPDATE: The 10 Essential Health Benefits were retracted in EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE EBP Patient care informed through the integration of clinical expertise and best available clinical evidence from systematic research.
F FENTANYL A potent opioid synthetically produced in laboratories, that activates the reward centers of the brain to produce sensations of euphoria and provide pain relief. Fentanyl can be: In prescription form: injected, worn as a transdermal patch, or ingested through lozenges In non-prescription illicit form: ingested eaten , snorted, injected See Infographic: Introduction to Fentanyl.
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME An irreversible syndrome inherited by children exposed to alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. FULL SUSTAINED REMISSION 1 year without substance use disorder symptoms except craving.
anticonvulsant medication, that targets nerve pain to alleviate seizures. Side effects include euphoria, dizziness, lack of coordination, temporary loss of memory amnesia , insomnia, restlessness, agitation, anxiety, mania, depression, suicidal thoughts, aggressive or violent behavior.
Also known as Neurontin, Gralise, or Horizant. HARM REDUCTION Policies, programs and practices that aim to reduce the harms associated with the use of alcohol or other drugs. HEROIN A drug made from the opium poppy plant, that activates the reward centers of the brain to produce sensations of euphoria.
Heroin can be: inhaled e. smoked , snorted, or injected. Side effects include constipation, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, sleepiness, drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, itching, headache, dry mouth, sweating, changes in heart rate, and trouble breathing.
Hydrocodone is more likely to cause constipation and stomach pain than Oxycodone. Also known as Vicodin or dihydrocodeinone. I IBOGAINE A naturally occurring psychoactive substance found in plants in the Apocynaceae family NMDA receptor antagonist.
ICD The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ICD is a coding of diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization WHO.
INHALANT Substances that produce chemical vapors that are inhaled to induce a psychoactive or mind-altering effect. IN-PATIENT TREATMENT Admission to a hospital or facility for treatment that requires at least one overnight stay and typically requires medical management.
Typically conducted when other attempts to influence change have failed. Also known as the Johnson Intervention. LEVELS OF CARE Various levels of treatment intensity ranging from weekly outpatient therapy to more intensive medically monitored or medically managed hospitalization.
LONG TERM RECOVERY 5 years of continued remission; the point at which the risk of meeting criteria for a substance use disorder in the following year is no greater than that of the general population.
MANDATED TREATMENT Treatment required through a drug court or as a condition of pretrial release, probation, or parole. MARIJUANA The leaves, flowers, stems and seeds of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa , containing the active ingredient of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol THC that can produce altered senses and perceptions of time, changes in mood and appetite, pain relief, impaired body movement, impaired problem-solving and memory, and at high doses, hallucinations, delusions, and psychosis.
Long-term health consequences include: brain development in individuals under age 25 , motivation and cognition Long-term health benefits include: more research is needed according to the standards of evidence-based medicine.
Marijuana can be: inhaled e. smoked, vaporized , ingested e. Listen to more about: Measurement-based practice Kelly JF, Mee-Lee D. MEDICAL MODEL An addiction theory that considers addiction a medical, rather than social issue.
METHADONE A synthetic opioid medication used to reduce withdrawal and post-acute withdrawal symptoms and is often used as a mid- to long-term opioid use disorder medication for helping stabilize and facilitate recovery among those suffering from opioid use disorders.
Methamphetamines can be: inhaled e. smoked , swallowed as a pill, snorted, or injected. Examples of addiction-related micro discriminations include: avoided or ignored by people, people assuming you will relapse, people saying you look like an alcoholic or addict, treated less favorably, held to a higher standard, disrespected, perceived as dangerous, treated like a criminal, accused of being dishonest, reject by family or friends See also Macro Discrimination.
MODERATE DRINKING According to HHS , moderate drinking is per day no more than 1 alcoholic drink for women and no more than 2 alcoholic drinks for men. MORPHINE An analgesic opioid derived from the opium poppy, that activates the centers of the brain to provide pain relief. Side effects have included nausea, vomiting, constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, increased sweating, or dry mouth.
Also known as Kadian or Avinza. Mutual help organizations include such organizations as: Alcoholics Anonymous AA Narcotics Anonymous NA Marijuana Anonymous MA Cocaine Anonymous CA Smart Recovery All Recovery Groups Celebrate Recovery LifeRing Women For Sobriety Other online forums.
For family members and friends mutual help organizations include: Al-Anon Nar-Anon Learn2Cope Other online forums. Learn more about: peer-based recovery support Learn more about: resources for family and friends. N NALOXONE An opioid antagonist , similar to Naltrexone, that works by blocking opioid receptors in the brain, thereby blocking the effects of opioid agonists e.
Learn more about: Pharmacotherapy and medications for substance use disorder See Infographic: How To Identify a Drug Overdose See Map: States with Layperson Access to Overdose Reversal Medication. Learn more about: resources for family and friends Learn more about: peer-based recovery support.
NARCOTIC Originally, narcotic referred to psychoactive compounds with sleep inducing properties typically opioids such as heroin. NARCOTICS ANONYMOUS Born out of the principles, practices, and structure of Alcoholics Anonymous AA , Narcotics Anonymous is an international fellowship for individuals with problematic drug use.
NATURAL RECOVERY A common recovery pathway in which remission from substance use disorder is achieved without the support or services of professional or non-professional intervention.
Out-of-Network: Physicians, hospitals, facilities and other health care providers that are not contracted with the plan or insurer to provide health care services at discounted rates. NICOTINE A toxic colorless or yellowish oily liquid that is the chief active constituent of tobacco.
NIMBY "Not In My Backyard" A characterization of opposition by residents to a proposed development within their local area, such as for addiction treatment centers or harm reduction programs.
NUMBER NEEDED TO TREAT NNT The number needed to treat NNT is the average number of people who need to be treated to achieve one additional good outcome. O OPEN MEETINGS 12 Step meetings that can be attended by anyone those who identify with a substance use disorder, as well as those who do not.
OPIATE A drug derived directly from the natural opium poppy plant see opioid. OPPONENT PROCESS A theory of motivation and emotion used as a model for drug addiction, that postulates that emotions are pairs of opposites. OXFORD HOUSES Oxford Houses are a type of self-sustaining recovery residence, first developed in OXYCODONE An analgesic opioid semi-synthetically produced for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, that activates the reward centers of the brain to provide pain relief.
Side effects include constipation, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, sleepiness, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, itching, headache, blurred vision, dry mouth, sweating, changes in heart rate, and trouble breathing.
Oxycodone is more likely to cause side effects of dizziness and drowsiness, as well as fatigue, headaches, and feelings of euphoria than Hydrocodone. Also known as OxyCotin or Percocet. PARITY The state or condition of being equal, especially regarding status, pay, or coverage.
PASSIVE REFERRAL An attempt by a clinician or service worker to connect a patient with substance use disorder to another service. View infographic: The Last 50 Years in Addiction Laws Learn more about: Addiction Treatment Insurance.
PEER SUPPORT GROUP Also known as mutual help organizations, peer support groups are structured non-clinical relationships, in which individuals participate in activities that engage, educate, and support patients recovering from substance use disorder.
Peer support groups include such organizations as: Alcoholics Anonymous AA Narcotics Anonymous NA Marijuana Anonymous MA Cocaine Anonymous CA Smart Recovery All Recovery Groups Celebrate Recovery LifeRing Women For Sobriety Other online forums.
For family members and friends peer support groups include: Al-Anon Nar-Anon Learn2Cope Other online forums. PERSON-FIRST LANGUAGE A linguistic prescription structuring sentences to name the person first and the condition or disease from which they suffer, second.
Read more about: How to correctly talk about addiction Read more about: Does it really matter how we talk about addiction? PINK CLOUD An intense euphoric feeling experienced by some individuals in early recovery from substance use disorder in which the patient experiences highly positive and optimistic sentiments.
PHYSICIAN HEALTH PROGRAM A state agency that monitors physicians, residents and medical students who have substance use disorders, and psychiatric disorders, with the purpose to allow doctors to practice medicine while going through rehabilitation, while also protecting patients and maintaining a safe standard of care.
POTENCY The degree of concentration of the psychoactive ingredient of a substance. R RAPID DETOX Anesthesia assisted detoxification; injection of high doses of an opiate antagonist. RECOVERY The process of improved physical, psychological, and social well-being and health after having suffered from a substance use disorder.
Read more about: recovery Read more about: the different definitions of recovery over time. RECOVERY CAPITAL The resources social, physical, human and cultural , which are necessary to begin and maintain recovery from substance use disorder.
View infographic: Meet Your Recovery Team Read more about: The Recovery Coach Challenge. RECOVERY COMMUNITY CENTER A center or hub that organizes recovery networks regionally and nationally to facilitate supportive relationships between individuals in recovery as well as family and friends of people in recovery.
RECOVERY ORIENTED SYSTEMS OF CARE ROSC A coordinated network of community based services that involve a strengths-based and personalized approach to recovery and increases in quality of life. RECOVERY RATES The percentage of addicted persons undergoing treatment, who achieve abstinence or remission following treatment in some stated time period e.
Learn more about: The brain in recovery Learn more about: Pharmacotherapy and medications for substance use disorder.
The absence of dependebce use. Depdndence, there are many different types preescription abstinence. Abstinence is typically interpreted as complete abstinence, defined below:. White, Stigma Alert A person who exhibits impaired control over engaging in substance use or other reward-seeking behavior, such as gambling despite suffering severe harms caused by such activity. Instead, many have recommended the use of terms that reflect a disorder e.Yes, addiction drpendence a treatable disorder. Research on the science of addiction and the treatment of substance Glowing skin secrets disorders has led to the development of research-based methods that help people to stop using drugs ffor resume productive lives, also known as eependence in recovery.
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Relapse rates for drug use are similar to rates for other Individualss medical illnesses. If people stop following Gut health and nutrient absorption medical prescriptiin plan, Recovery for individuals with prescription medication dependence, dependwnce are prescriphion to relapse.
When a depdndence recovering from an addiction relapses, it indicates that Warrior diet hunger management person Recoveryy to speak with their doctor to resume Effective weight loss supplements, modify it, or try another treatment.
While relapse Dependrnce a normal part of recovery, for witu drugs, it can sependence very dangerous—even deadly. If medicationn person uses as predcription of the drug as dwpendence did before quitting, they can easily overdose because their bodies are no longer adapted to their previous level of drug exposure.
An overdose happens when the person uses enough of a drug to produce uncomfortable feelings, life-threatening symptoms, or death. Research shows that when treating addictions to opioids prescription pain relievers or drugs like heroin or fentanylmedication should be the first line of treatment, usually combined with some form of behavioral therapy or counseling.
Medications are also available to help treat addiction to alcohol and nicotine. Additionally, medications are used to help people detoxify from drugs, although detoxification is not the same as treatment and is not sufficient to help a person recover.
Detoxification alone without subsequent treatment generally leads to resumption of drug use. For people with addictions to drugs like stimulants or cannabis, no medications are currently available to assist in treatment, so treatment consists of behavioral therapies. Treatment should be tailored to address each patient's drug use patterns and drug-related medical, mental, and social problems.
Different types of medications may be useful at different stages of treatment to help a patient stop abusing drugs, stay in treatment, and avoid relapse. Behavioral therapies help people in drug addiction treatment modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug use.
As a result, patients are able to handle stressful situations and various triggers that might cause another relapse. Behavioral therapies can also enhance the effectiveness of medications and help people remain in treatment longer.
Stopping drug use is just one part of a long and complex recovery process. When people enter treatment, addiction has often caused serious consequences in their lives, possibly disrupting their health and how they function in their family lives, at work, and in the community.
Because addiction can affect so many aspects of a person's life, treatment should address the needs of the whole person to be successful. Counselors may select from a menu of services that meet the specific medical, mental, social, occupational, family, and legal needs of their patients to help in their recovery.
For more information on drug treatmentsee Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guideand Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Research-Based Guide. National Institutes of Health. Research Topics.
More Research Topics. Quick Links. NIDAMED: Clinical Resources. About NIDA. Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction Treatment and Recovery. Can addiction be treated successfully? Can addiction be cured? Common medications used to treat drug addiction and withdrawal Opioid Methadone Buprenorphine Extended-release naltrexone Lofexidine Nicotine Nicotine replacement therapies available as a patch, inhaler, or gum Bupropion Varenicline Alcohol Naltrexone Disulfiram Acamprosate.
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: Recovery for individuals with prescription medication dependence| Prescription Drug Addiction Treatments | There are four msdication categories of inhalants Recovery for individuals with prescription medication dependence volatile solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites. The collaborative process of assessment, infividuals, care coordination, evaluation, GI health education advocacy for Rceovery Recovery for individuals with prescription medication dependence services to facilitate disease management e. Contact Us. The mixture of agonist and antagonist is intended to reduce craving while preventing misuse of the medication. It is well recognised that a person who suffers from prescription drug addiction requires specialist treatment that is very much person centred in its approach. SUBSTANCE MISUSE stigma alert The use of a substance for unintended or intended purposes in improper amounts or doses. Yes, addiction is a treatable disorder. |
| Frequently Asked Questions | In fact, millions of Americans suffer from opioid addiction. As with most other chronic diseases, addiction is treatable. If you or someone you know is struggling, treatment is available. While no single treatment method is right for everyone, recovery is possible, and help is available for opioid addiction. Preventing overdose death and finding treatment options are the first steps to recovery. The overall goal of treatment is to return people to productive functioning in their family, workplace, and community. Evidence-based approaches to treating opioid addiction include medications and combining medications with behavioral therapy. A recovery plan that includes medication for opioid addiction increases the chance of success. The choice to include medication as part of recovery is a personal medical decision, but the evidence for medications to support successful recovery is strong. Mental Health and Addiction Insurance Help HHS. Health Center Locator HRSA. Behavioral Health Treatment Services SAMHSA. Opioid Treatment Program Directory by State SAMHSA. Buprenorphine Providers Locator SAMHSA. Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease; be sure to ask your doctor about the risk of relapse and overdose. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search. Español Other Languages. Recovery is Possible: Treatment for Opioid Addiction. Minus Related Pages. Recovery is possible. Find Treatment Services. Use these resources to find services that fit your needs: Mental Health and Addiction Insurance Help HHS Health Center Locator HRSA Behavioral Health Treatment Services SAMHSA Opioid Treatment Program Directory by State SAMHSA Buprenorphine Providers Locator SAMHSA. Call HELP Like treatment for other chronic diseases such as heart disease or asthma, addiction treatment is not a cure, but a way of managing the condition. Treatment enables people to counteract addiction's disruptive effects on their brain and behavior and regain control of their lives. The chronic nature of addiction means that for some people relapse, or a return to drug use after an attempt to stop, can be part of the process, but newer treatments are designed to help with relapse prevention. Relapse rates for drug use are similar to rates for other chronic medical illnesses. If people stop following their medical treatment plan, they are likely to relapse. When a person recovering from an addiction relapses, it indicates that the person needs to speak with their doctor to resume treatment, modify it, or try another treatment. While relapse is a normal part of recovery, for some drugs, it can be very dangerous—even deadly. If a person uses as much of the drug as they did before quitting, they can easily overdose because their bodies are no longer adapted to their previous level of drug exposure. An overdose happens when the person uses enough of a drug to produce uncomfortable feelings, life-threatening symptoms, or death. Research shows that when treating addictions to opioids prescription pain relievers or drugs like heroin or fentanyl , medication should be the first line of treatment, usually combined with some form of behavioral therapy or counseling. Medications are also available to help treat addiction to alcohol and nicotine. Additionally, medications are used to help people detoxify from drugs, although detoxification is not the same as treatment and is not sufficient to help a person recover. Detoxification alone without subsequent treatment generally leads to resumption of drug use. For people with addictions to drugs like stimulants or cannabis, no medications are currently available to assist in treatment, so treatment consists of behavioral therapies. Treatment should be tailored to address each patient's drug use patterns and drug-related medical, mental, and social problems. Different types of medications may be useful at different stages of treatment to help a patient stop abusing drugs, stay in treatment, and avoid relapse. Behavioral therapies help people in drug addiction treatment modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug use. As a result, patients are able to handle stressful situations and various triggers that might cause another relapse. Behavioral therapies can also enhance the effectiveness of medications and help people remain in treatment longer. |
| Prescription Drug Addiction | Our combination of quality inpatient care and the sense of community from our aftercare services provide a balance you can rely on year after year. Individuals in long-term residential treatment have much more success with a prescription for drug addiction recovery because they experience a drug-free environment for a more extended period. Insurance Coverage for Addiction Treatment. Barbituates Benzodiazepines Sleep medications Codeine Morphine Methadone Fentanyls and analogs. Side effects include nausea, muscle cramping, involuntary teeth clenching, blurred vision, chills, and sweating. Side effects have included nausea, vomiting, constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, increased sweating, or dry mouth. |
| Why Do People Abuse Prescription Drugs? | Kelly, Saitz, Wakeman, ; Kelly and Westerhoff, ; Kelly et al, etc. Medications available to consumers only with a specific written authorization from a healthcare provider. A contradictory scenario whereby the majority of cases of substance-related harm come from a population at low or moderate risk of addiction, while only a minority of cases come from the population who are at high risk of substance-related harm. A medical insurance term that requires patients and clinicians to seek approval from insurance providers before implementing a treatment service. Proposed by Richard Jessor in , Problem Behavior Theory is a conceptual framework that examines factors leading to adolescent substance use. The theory proposes that behavior is tied to goals, and adolescent substance use results when a teen holds goals and values that are unconventional or do not align with typical social values of society. A form of talk therapy that focuses on the psychological developmental histories and internal unconscious processes e. A major goal is to help the patient gain insight into these implicit processes to help resolve internal conflict and behavioral problems. A negative consequence occurring following a behavior with the intention of decreasing the frequency of the behavior. These types of treatments tend to help people attain and maintain motivation to change addictive behaviors e. They can also involve significant others such as a marriage or domestic partner e. The process of improved physical, psychological, and social well-being and health after having suffered from a substance use disorder. Read more about: the different definitions of recovery over time. The resources social, physical, human and cultural , which are necessary to begin and maintain recovery from substance use disorder. Recovery coaches are most often in recovery themselves and therefore offer the lived experience of active addiction and successful recovery. Read more about: The Recovery Coach Challenge. A center or hub that organizes recovery networks regionally and nationally to facilitate supportive relationships between individuals in recovery as well as family and friends of people in recovery. Centers may provide advocacy training, peer support organization meetings, social activities, job linkage, and other community based services. Learn more about: recovery community centers. An independent, non-profit organization led and governed by representatives of local communities of individuals in recovery from a substance use disorder. A coordinated network of community based services that involve a strengths-based and personalized approach to recovery and increases in quality of life. Learn more about: Recovery oriented systems of care. The percentage of addicted persons undergoing treatment, who achieve abstinence or remission following treatment in some stated time period e. An alcohol- and drug-free living facility for individuals recovering from alcohol or other drug use disorders that often serves as an interim living environment between detoxification experiences or residential treatment and mainstream society. Also known as Sober Houses, Sober Living Houses SLHs , Sober Living Homes, or Sober Living Environments. Learn more about: recovery residences. hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, or antibodies. A clinical linkage strategy designed to enhance engagement with another clinical service, provider, or recovery support service see also: assertive linkage. The application or withdrawal of a stimulus or condition with the goal of increasing the frequency of a behavior. Positive reinforcement uses the application of a reward following the behavior to increase behavior; negative reinforcement uses the withdrawal of a negative stimulus or condition to increase the frequency of behavior. stigma alert Relapse often indicates a recurrence of substance use. More technically, it would indicate the recurrence and reinstatement of a substance use disorder and would require an individual to be in remission prior to the occurrence of a relapse. The highest risk for recurrence of substance use disorder symptoms occurs during the first 90 days following the initial intervention. The risk for recurrence of symptoms decreases after 90 days. This indicates that individuals attempting to recover from substance use disorder need the most intensive support during this first 3-month period, as individuals are experiencing substantial physiological, psychological, and social changes during this early recovery phase. There is typically a greater sensitivity to stress and lowered sensitivity to reward that makes continued recovery challenging. This term has a stigma alert, as it can imply a moral failing for some people. Learn more about: Relapse prevention. Hubbard et al. Relapse Prevention is a skills-based, cognitive-behavioral treatment approach that requires patients and their clinicians to identify situations that place the person at greater risk for relapse — both internal experiences e. Read more about: relapse prevention. The complete absence of symptoms or the presence of symptoms but below a specified threshold. Long-term recovery from a substance use disorder is considered by many to occur after 5 years, at which time the likelihood of meeting criteria for substance use disorder in the following year is no greater than that of the general population. A model of care for substance use disorder that houses affected individuals with others suffering from the same conditions to provide longer-term rehabilitative therapy in a therapeutic socially supportive milieu. Also known sometimes as in-patient treatment , although more technically, is medically managed or monitored whereas residential treatment does not have to be. Attributes e. See Infographic: Risk Factors For Addiction Development. An evidence-based method used to detect, reduce, and prevent problematic substance use and substance use disorder. A painful, negative emotion, which can be caused or exacerbated by conduct that violates personal values. Can also stem from deeply held beliefs that one is somehow flawed and unworthy of love, support, and connection, leading to increased odds of isolation. A method of creating a population sample for a research study where individuals who are participating in the study invite people they know to also participate, who then invite people they know, and so on. The quality or state of being sober. Detoxification in an organized residential setting to deliver non-medical support to achieve initial recovery from the effects of alcohol or another drug. Staff provide safe, twenty-four-hour monitoring, observation, and support in a supervised environment for patients. Social detoxification is characterized by an emphasis on peer and social support for patients whose intoxication or withdrawal signs and symptoms require twenty-four-hour structure and support but do not require medically managed inpatient detoxification. see detox. Profits stem from selling goods and services in the open market, but profits are then reinvested back into the business or the local community. This model has started to be used in addiction recovery settings. Learn more about: Employment-based recovery services. A volunteer who is currently practicing the step program of recovery espoused by Alcoholics Anonymous AA or other step mutual-help organizations e. From the Transtheoretical Model TTM. The stages of change model is an integrative, biopsychosocial model used to conceptualize the process of intentional behavior change. It emerged from research that found individuals move through a series of stages when modifying behavior. A sixth stage of relapse has also been suggested that occurs for many in the process of behavioral change before eventually reaching remission and recovery. Learn more about: the stages of recovery. View infographic: Stages of Change Diagram. An attribute, behavior, or condition that is socially discrediting. Known to decrease treatment seeking behaviors in individuals with substance use disorders. A psychoactive substance that increases or arouses physiologic or nervous system activity in the body. A stimulant will typically increase alertness, attention, and energy through a corresponding increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rates. Approved by the FDA in as a medication treatment for opioid dependence, Suboxone contains the active ingredients of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone. The mixture of agonist and antagonist is intended to reduce craving while preventing misuse of the medication. It was used in prior iterations of the DSM to signify the latter. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition DSM-IV , substance dependence is defined as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three or more of the following, occurring any time in the same month period:. stigma alert The use of a substance for unintended or intended purposes in improper amounts or doses. Term has a stigma alert, as some people believe it implies negative judgement and blame. The clinical term describing a syndrome consisting of a coherent set of signs and symptoms that cause significant distress and or impairment during the same month period. View Infographic: Diagnosing Substance Use Disorder. Someone who once met diagnostic criteria for an alcohol or other drug use disorder, and then no longer meets the threshold for the disorder for at least 1 year. A group of signs and symptoms that appear together and characterize a disease or medical condition. Made synthetically or entirely from chemicals, and not made as a derivative of the original substance or plant e. the opium poppy, marijuana plant, etc. Synthetic compounds produced in laboratories to mimic the effects of the active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol THC. While the intention of these compounds are to mimic the effects of marijuana, this is not always achieved. As one strain of synthetic marijuana is banned and made illegal, new compound combinations are created to avoid regulation. The result is the ongoing creation of compounds that are structurally more and more different from the natural THC found in marijuana, increasing the potential risks associated. Also known as K2, spice. A derisory term describing a member of a step program who makes romantic advances toward new, or newer, members of those organizations, who typically have less than one year of recovery. Tolerance results in a need to increase the dosage of a drug overtime to obtain the same original effect obtained at a lower dose. A state in which a substance produces a diminishing biological or behavioral response e. an increasingly higher dosage is needed to produce the same euphoric effect experienced initially. A controversial approach to promotion of behavioral change through love or affectionate concern expressed in a stern or unsentimental manner as through discipline. In the book, the authors outline a view of rehabilitation techniques parents should use with their addicted children that relies on consequences ranging from mild to severe such as: take legal custody of the children of the individual with substance use disorder, refusal to provide financial assistance, asking the individual to leave the home, or refusing to provide bail money or legal assistance. If the child does not accept the rules of the house, the child is not allowed to stay in the house. When faced with the choice of being asked to leave the house, the ideal outcome would be that the child would choose sobriety. Today a balance in the implementation of the tough love concept as a practice is suggested, and individuals should seek professional help rather than trying to produce results by themselves. The management and care of a patient to combat a disease or disorder. Can take the form of medicines, procedures, or counseling and psychotherapy. Learn more about: The multiple pathways to recovery. Read more about: What makes a good addiction treatment program. View Infographic: 11 Indicators of Effective Addiction Treatment. A specific stimulus that sets off a memory or flashback, transporting the individual back to a feeling, experience, or event which may increase susceptibility to psychological or physical symptom recurrence and reinstatement of substance use disorder. An evidence-based clinical approach to substance use disorder treatment that is grounded in the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous AA and Narcotics Anonymous NA with the two primary goals of motivating the patient to develop a desire to cease using substances and to also acknowledge the need for active participation in community-based step mutual help organizations such as AA and NA as a means of maintaining recovery over the long-term. Learn more about: step facilitation. A derisory term used to describe individuals in Alcoholic Anonymous AA or other step programs, who practice step one and portions of the 12 th step of the step program i. Neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of thiamine vitamin B-1 , most commonly associated with alcohol use disorder. See Korsakoff Syndrome; Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Also known as wet-brain. Physical, cognitive, and affective symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced abruptly or stopped among individuals who have developed tolerance to a drug. Addictionary® Addiction Recovery Bulletin Library Research Projects CoARS Multimedia About Contact Us Menu. Search Search. If we want addiction destigmatized, we need a language that's unified. The words we use matter. Caution needs to be taken, especially when the disorders concerned are heavily stigmatized as substance use disorders are. Abstinence is typically interpreted as complete abstinence, defined below: Continuous abstinence: not consuming the drug of choice during a specified period of time Essentially abstinent: not consuming more than a specified amount of the drug over a period of time Minimal abstinence: achieving a minimal period of recovery during a period of time Point-in-time abstinence: not consuming the drug of choice at a single point in time e. ABUSER Stigma Alert A person who exhibits impaired control over engaging in substance use or other reward-seeking behavior, such as gambling despite suffering severe harms caused by such activity. ACUTE CARE Immediate, short-term medically managed or monitored care, lasting up to 31 days in length. ADDICT Stigma Alert A person who exhibits impaired control over engaging in substance use or other reward-seeking behavior, such as gambling despite suffering severe harms caused by such activity. ADDICTION According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine ASAM , addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestation. Addiction is characterized by behaviors that include: Impaired control over drug use Compulsive use Continued use despite harm Cravings Ries, Learn more about: Addiction. ADDICTION COUNSELOR Type of non-medically credentialed addiction treatment provider. ADDICTION MEDICINE PHYSICIAN A board-certified physician in some specialty e. ADDICTION TOURISM The practice of sending individuals with substance use disorder to treatment centers or rehabilitation facilities outside of their states of permanent residence. AGONIST A substance that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Learn more about: Resources for Friends and Family Learn more about: Peer-Based Recovery Support. ALCOHOL A liquid that is or contains ethanol or ethyl alcohol produced by the fermentation of sugars. ALCOHOLIC Stigma Alert A person who exhibits impaired control over engaging in alcohol use despite suffering severe harms caused by such activity. AA is a step program that revolves around its main text, known as the Big Book see Mutual-Help Organizations , Peer Support Group Learn more about: Peer-Based Recovery Support. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER A problematic pattern of alcohol consumption, characterized by compulsive use of alcohol, impaired control over alcohol intake, and a negative emotional state when not using. Learn more about: Motivational Interviewing and Motivational Enhancement Therapies MI MET Learn more about: The Stages of Change Model. ANONYMOUS Literally means having no name. APPEAL A legal right for an insured individual, their provider, or an authorized representative to seek relief against a health plan or third party determination to deny or limit payment for requested behavioral or medical treatment and services. ASSERTIVE LINKAGE A strategy designed to ensure a patient or client reaches the next level of clinical care or becomes connected to a recovery support resource. B BALANCE BILLING The amount you could be responsible for in addition to any co-payments, deductibles or coinsurance if you use an out-of-network provider, which may represent the fee for a particular service that exceeds what the insurance plan allows as the charge for that service. BASIC TEXT The foundational text of the Narcotics Anonymous NA organization. BIG BOOK The nickname for the basic foundational text of the mutual-help organization, Alcoholics Anonymous AA. BINGE DRINKING Excessive alcohol consumption within a short time period. According to NIAAA , binge drinking is any alcohol consumption that results in a blood alcohol concentration BAC level of 0. According to SAMHSA , binge drinking is 4 or more alcoholic drinks for women and 5 or more alcoholic drinks for men within a short amount of time. BIPHASIC EFFECT OF ALCOHOL 2-phase : when consuming alcohol, the body first experiences an energizing or positive effect; this is subsequently followed, with continued consumption, by a depressant or negative effect of alcohol. Appealing a Claim: The process to seek reversal of a denied behavioral health or medical claim. Most insurance carriers have their own process and timeline, but are subject to state and federal regulations. CLEAN stigma alert A reference to a state of a person being abstinent from drugs of misuse. CLOSED MEETINGS Step meetings that are only available to individuals who identify with having a substance use disorder or think that they may have a substance use disorder and want to stop substance use. Cocaine can be: inhaled e. smoked, or vapors inhaled , snorted, or injected. CODEINE An analgesic opioid synthetically produced for the treatment of mild to moderate pain that works by activating the reward centers of the brain to provide pain relief. Side effects include headache, skin rash, constipation, changes in heart rate, hallucinations, loss of coordination, decreased sexual desire or irregular menstruation, and trouble breathing. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in , Codeine is frequently combined with acetaminophen Tylenol or aspirin as a prescription pain medication. COERCION The intimidation of a victim to compel the individual to act against his or her will by the use of psychological pressure, physical force, or threats. COLD TURKEY Slang term for the abrupt and complete cessation in intake of an addictive substance. CO-PAYMENT A dollar amount that an insured patient is expected to pay at the time of service. Two general coping strategies have been distinguished as: problem solving strategies active efforts to alleviate stressful circumstances emotion focused strategies to regulate the emotional consequences of stressful or potentially stressful events. DENIAL In a psychological sense: denial describes individuals who deny substance use problems. It is the tendency of addicted individuals to either disavow or distort variables associated with their drinking or drug use in spite of evidence to the contrary. Individuals may accurately recognize certain facts concerning their use, such as number of arrests or how often they drink, while at the same time, misperceive the impact that their use has on the individuals around them, their relationships, how they feel about themselves, or the implications of their substance use history. Learn more about: addiction In an insurance sense: denial refers to the refusal of a request for payment or reimbursement of behavioral health or medical treatment services. Denied Claim: Non-payment of a claim for reimbursement of behavioral health or medical services delivered to the insured patient. The insurance company must inform the patient of the non-payment of the claim and explain why the services are not being reimbursed. DEPOT INJECTION An injection of a medication that is intended to gradually disperse its therapeutic contents into the human body over a number of weeks. DESIGNER DRUGS A synthetic analog of an illegal drug, devised to circumvent drug laws through changes to chemical compounds. DIRTY stigma alert A reference to a urine test that is positive for substance use. DISEASE A particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function, that affects part or all of an organism. DISEASE MODEL OF ADDICTION Classifies addiction as a disease. DOPE SICK stigma alert A slang term used to reference withdrawal symptoms from opioids, such as heroin. DRUG ABUSE stigma alert A term sometimes used to describe an array of problems resulting from intensive use of psychoactive substances. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous such as driving an automobile or operating a machine when impaired by substance use Recurrent substance-related legal problems such as arrests for substance related disorderly conduct Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance for example, arguments with spouse about consequences of intoxication and physical fights. Read the research: The Real Stigma of Substance Use Disorders Kelly, Saitz, Wakeman, ; Kelly and Westerhoff, ; Kelly et al, DRUG CLASSES Substances can belong to one or more drug categories or classes. Three common classes of commonly medications and non-medically used psychoactive substance include: opioids e. oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, morphine, heroin depressants diazepam, clonazepam, alcohol stimulants dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, cocaine. DRUG COURTS Drug courts are problem-solving courts that operate under a specialized model in which the judiciary, prosecution, defense bar, probation, law enforcement, mental health, social service, and treatment communities work together to help non-violent offenders find restoration in recovery and become productive citizens. Learn more about: National Association of Drug Court Professionals The Restorative Justice Center. DRUG DREAM Reoccurring dreams that occur during the recovery process from substance use disorder that concern depictions of substance use, often vivid in nature, and frequently involving a relapse scenario. DRUG POLICY Government guidelines on the control and regulation of alcohol and other drugs considered dangerous, particularly those with addictive qualities. DUAL DIAGNOSIS Describes patients with both mental illness and substance use disorder. DYSYNERGY The tendency of one addiction to predispose an individual to another type or form of addiction. E EARLY RECOVERY The first year of remission from a substance use disorder. ECSTASY A synthetic substance with stimulant and hallucinogenic effects, that produces feelings of increased energy, euphoria, and distorted sensory and time perception. Side effects include nausea, muscle cramping, involuntary teeth clenching, blurred vision, chills, and sweating. Read more about: Addiction in the workplace U. ENABLING stigma alert Actions that typically involve removing or diminishing the naturally occurring negative consequences resulting from substance use, increasing the likelihood of disease progression. ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS As part of the Affordable Care Act, individual and small group health plans for individuals without job-based coverage were required to begin covering what were deemed essential health benefits, that fell into the 10 different categories of:. UPDATE: The 10 Essential Health Benefits were retracted in EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE EBP Patient care informed through the integration of clinical expertise and best available clinical evidence from systematic research. F FENTANYL A potent opioid synthetically produced in laboratories, that activates the reward centers of the brain to produce sensations of euphoria and provide pain relief. Fentanyl can be: In prescription form: injected, worn as a transdermal patch, or ingested through lozenges In non-prescription illicit form: ingested eaten , snorted, injected See Infographic: Introduction to Fentanyl. FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME An irreversible syndrome inherited by children exposed to alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. FULL SUSTAINED REMISSION 1 year without substance use disorder symptoms except craving. anticonvulsant medication, that targets nerve pain to alleviate seizures. Side effects include euphoria, dizziness, lack of coordination, temporary loss of memory amnesia , insomnia, restlessness, agitation, anxiety, mania, depression, suicidal thoughts, aggressive or violent behavior. Also known as Neurontin, Gralise, or Horizant. HARM REDUCTION Policies, programs and practices that aim to reduce the harms associated with the use of alcohol or other drugs. HEROIN A drug made from the opium poppy plant, that activates the reward centers of the brain to produce sensations of euphoria. Heroin can be: inhaled e. smoked , snorted, or injected. Side effects include constipation, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, sleepiness, drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, itching, headache, dry mouth, sweating, changes in heart rate, and trouble breathing. Hydrocodone is more likely to cause constipation and stomach pain than Oxycodone. Also known as Vicodin or dihydrocodeinone. I IBOGAINE A naturally occurring psychoactive substance found in plants in the Apocynaceae family NMDA receptor antagonist. ICD The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ICD is a coding of diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization WHO. INHALANT Substances that produce chemical vapors that are inhaled to induce a psychoactive or mind-altering effect. IN-PATIENT TREATMENT Admission to a hospital or facility for treatment that requires at least one overnight stay and typically requires medical management. Typically conducted when other attempts to influence change have failed. Also known as the Johnson Intervention. LEVELS OF CARE Various levels of treatment intensity ranging from weekly outpatient therapy to more intensive medically monitored or medically managed hospitalization. LONG TERM RECOVERY 5 years of continued remission; the point at which the risk of meeting criteria for a substance use disorder in the following year is no greater than that of the general population. MANDATED TREATMENT Treatment required through a drug court or as a condition of pretrial release, probation, or parole. MARIJUANA The leaves, flowers, stems and seeds of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa , containing the active ingredient of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol THC that can produce altered senses and perceptions of time, changes in mood and appetite, pain relief, impaired body movement, impaired problem-solving and memory, and at high doses, hallucinations, delusions, and psychosis. Long-term health consequences include: brain development in individuals under age 25 , motivation and cognition Long-term health benefits include: more research is needed according to the standards of evidence-based medicine. Marijuana can be: inhaled e. Relapse rates for drug use are similar to rates for other chronic medical illnesses. If people stop following their medical treatment plan, they are likely to relapse. When a person recovering from an addiction relapses, it indicates that the person needs to speak with their doctor to resume treatment, modify it, or try another treatment. While relapse is a normal part of recovery, for some drugs, it can be very dangerous—even deadly. If a person uses as much of the drug as they did before quitting, they can easily overdose because their bodies are no longer adapted to their previous level of drug exposure. An overdose happens when the person uses enough of a drug to produce uncomfortable feelings, life-threatening symptoms, or death. Research shows that when treating addictions to opioids prescription pain relievers or drugs like heroin or fentanyl , medication should be the first line of treatment, usually combined with some form of behavioral therapy or counseling. Medications are also available to help treat addiction to alcohol and nicotine. Additionally, medications are used to help people detoxify from drugs, although detoxification is not the same as treatment and is not sufficient to help a person recover. Detoxification alone without subsequent treatment generally leads to resumption of drug use. For people with addictions to drugs like stimulants or cannabis, no medications are currently available to assist in treatment, so treatment consists of behavioral therapies. Treatment should be tailored to address each patient's drug use patterns and drug-related medical, mental, and social problems. It can be risky to treat drug addiction with additional medications, which is why these treatment plans must be created and overseen by licensed doctors. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved some medicines for individuals suffering from opioid misuse. However, only a small number of treatment programs or physicians offer these medications:. You should be honest with your physician about prescription drug use, and consult a doctor before starting any new medications to avoid complications or adverse side effects. Visiting a mental health facility is usually the first step of prescription drug addiction treatment. Your physician will perform a diagnosis and then develop a treatment plan specific to you alone. The physician might recommend the facility treatment option for individuals with prolonged prescription drug misuse, since they have the resources to manage intense withdrawal symptoms. These programs run for at least six months, with some lasting for two years. Individuals in long-term residential treatment have much more success with a prescription for drug addiction recovery because they experience a drug-free environment for a more extended period. These require less time and typically last 30 to 90 days. The treatment is ideal for individuals who are frequent users, but the addiction has not reached critical levels. Typically, short-term treatment is followed by extended outpatient care. Outpatient treatment facilities are ideal for individuals who recently got treatment for drug misuse. These facilities instill skills that help the individual stay clean after leaving the facility. Therapy is an effective tool in treating any drug addiction because it focuses on the underlying issues that lead to drug misuse and helps develop skills that help the individual stay sober after treatment. For therapy treatment to be effective, you need to be open with yourself and your therapist to find a solution that works for you. Some of the most significant factors of substance abuse include trauma and stress. These conditions can often be difficult to cope with, leading many people to rely on drug use to carry them through the day. Fortunately, there are therapy methods targeted to these risk factors, including:. There are different types of therapy for prescription drug addiction that include both one-on-one and group-oriented approaches, including:. There is no downside to therapy, making it one of the most accessible and beneficial aspects of treatment for long-term health and stability. There are many necessary components to any successful prescription drug addiction recovery. These steps include:. Detoxification is a natural process where your body gets rid of the prescription drug. This process can last days to weeks. Detox can be difficult if withdrawal symptoms are severe, and it may be necessary to detox under the supervision of medical professionals. Although it may seem counterproductive, medication is sometimes used to alleviate withdrawal symptoms, making them a bit more bearable to prevent relapse. Your doctor can also prescribe medications that lower the urge to use prescription drugs, helping you stay sober. Counseling comes after detoxification and medication to ensure stable mental health. It examines the underlying conditions that trigger the impulse to consume prescription drugs. Counseling also helps develop a cohesive recovery plan to ensure you remain sober after treatment. The doctor will conduct frequent checks to ensure the patient has not relapsed back into prescription drug misuse. An evaluation is also necessary if you take medication to help manage the addiction. The physician assesses if the prescribed medication is still effective. In light of recent drug abuse statistics, the federal government is providing state and local governments access to resources that help prevent prescription drug abuse. Preventing prescription drug abuse is a critical part of any treatment, but it mostly comes down to individual discipline. If you have the urge to use more than the intended dosage of a particular medication, consult your doctor to weigh the possibility of an alternative being found. Drug abuse is preventable, and early intervention is the key to stopping addictions before they start. Reach out to your doctor for help in finding available information and resources. Ranking third after alcohol and tobacco, prescription drug addiction affects a wider percentage of the population than most people currently think. By seeking help early on, you can avoid the negative consequences of prolonged misuse of prescription drugs and make a full recovery. Prescription drug addiction can be dangerous if ignored or left untreated. At Arrow Passage Recovery, we understand the challenges that come with drug addiction, which is why we offer a unique and personalized approach to treating addiction and misuse with a high completion rate. Contact us today to explore treatment options and find guidance against prescription drug addiction. Verify Your Benefits. Contact Us. Search Search. Call Us Now: Our Facility. Our Programs. Get Help Now! Residential Partial Hospitalization Program Outpatient Treatment Program Intensive Outpatient Program Aftercare Residential Partial Hospitalization Program Outpatient Treatment Program Intensive Outpatient Program Aftercare. Partial Hospitalization Program. Outpatient Treatment Program. Intensive Outpatient Program. Addiction Treatment. Holistic Treatment. Art Therapy Faith Based Holistic Treatment Yoga Art Therapy Faith Based Holistic Treatment Yoga. Treatment Models. Traditional Therapies. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy EMDR Medication-Assisted Treatment Motivational Enhancement Therapy Relapse Prevention Cognitive Behavioral Therapy EMDR Medication-Assisted Treatment Motivational Enhancement Therapy Relapse Prevention. Art Therapy. Faith Based. Co-Ed Treatment. 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Meth and Anxiety Cocaine and Anxiety High-Functioning Anxiety and Addiction Bipolar Disorder and Addiction Bipolar Affective Disorder Bipolar Disorder in Children Bipolar Disorder vs BPD Catatonic Schizophrenia and Addiction Depression Fentanyl and Depression Heroin and Depression Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Addiction PTSD and Addiction C-PTSD and ACEs Complex PTSD and Addiction Sexual Violence and PTSD PTSD in Veterans Veteran Substance Abuse Schizophrenia and Addiction Living with Schizophrenia and Addiction Meth Psychosis and Schizophrenia Paranoid Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia and Addiction Schizoaffective Disorder Trauma and Addiction Abuse and Addiction Addiction and ADHD Anxiety Is Adderall Causing My Anxiety? Meth and Anxiety Cocaine and Anxiety High-Functioning Anxiety and Addiction Bipolar Disorder and Addiction Bipolar Affective Disorder Bipolar Disorder in Children Bipolar Disorder vs BPD Catatonic Schizophrenia and Addiction Depression Fentanyl and Depression Heroin and Depression Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Addiction PTSD and Addiction C-PTSD and ACEs Complex PTSD and Addiction Sexual Violence and PTSD PTSD in Veterans Veteran Substance Abuse Schizophrenia and Addiction Living with Schizophrenia and Addiction Meth Psychosis and Schizophrenia Paranoid Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia and Addiction Schizoaffective Disorder Trauma and Addiction. Abuse and Addiction. Addiction and ADHD. Anxiety Is Adderall Causing My Anxiety? Meth and Anxiety. Cocaine and Anxiety. High-Functioning Anxiety and Addiction. Bipolar Disorder and Addiction Bipolar Affective Disorder. Bipolar Disorder in Children. Bipolar Disorder vs BPD. Catatonic Schizophrenia and Addiction. Depression Fentanyl and Depression. Heroin and Depression. Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Addiction. PTSD and Addiction C-PTSD and ACEs. Complex PTSD and Addiction. Sexual Violence and PTSD. PTSD in Veterans. Veteran Substance Abuse. Schizophrenia and Addiction Living with Schizophrenia and Addiction. Meth Psychosis and Schizophrenia. Paranoid Schizophrenia. Types of Schizophrenia and Addiction. Schizoaffective Disorder. |
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