Hydration level monitoring -
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This camera can be used for a long time. The captured image is displayed in true color, with a maximum of 24 bit per pixel. It exhibits the advantages of shock resistance, vibration resistance, and high and low temperature resistance. The wireless network enables the host computer to connect remotely to the server for data transmission.
The system software processes and recognizes the collected images. Users can operate the software more conveniently through human—computer interaction in the touch screen system. The functions of each module of the system software are as follows.
It can select images in key areas. It eliminates noise that may cause interference on an image while retaining the color information of the image to the greatest extent. Consequently, it improves image quality and makes an image easy to identify.
Then, the system provides the corresponding rehydration guidance on the basis of the hydration level. The system completes image acquisition through its components, including the LED standard light source, camera, and cuvette Figure 3.
The camera collects the color information of the urine in the cuvette, and the software extracts and analyzes the color information of the image. Cameras project optical signals onto an image sensor, convert the optical signals into electrical signals, and then into digital image signals.
After the assembly of all hardware such as cameras and light sources, we use equipment to test standard samples to ensure that the results of multiple tests on the same sample are consistent. The standard curve is formed inside the software by determination of the standard sample.
When the test sample is determined, the software can automatically correct the test value according to the standard curve. FIGURE 3. Schematic of image acquisition related structure. The optical principle of liquid color imaging is based on the transmission of light.
When light from a standard light source is transmitted onto urine, urine selectively absorbs light of different wavelengths. Using yellow as an example, urine selectively absorbs light of other colors, and only the yellow light is absorbed the least.
Therefore, the yellow light is transmitted to the camera, and the urine appears yellow. We substituted the threshold values of each grade of Usg 1. You are recommended to take ml—1, ml of sports drinks.
Pay attention for a short period while rehydrating. You are recommended to take ml— ml of sports drinks every 10 min—20 min.
The amount of fluid supplementation can be adjusted appropriately in accordance with the actual situation. The system operation process includes starting the system, filling in basic information, putting the sample, testing the sample, local data review, local data upload, and cloud data review Figure 4.
FIGURE 4. Schematic of the system interface and operation. A System entry interface, B login interface, C personal information entry interface, D sample insertion interface, E schematic of placing cuvette, F test sample and result report interface, G data upload and review interface, and H cloud data review interface.
The specific operation process of the system is as follows. The user starts the software system and enters the account number and password Figures 4A,B. The user drags out the bracket and loads the cuvette into the slot.
If the next sample still needs to be tested, then the user must clean the cuvette, reinsert the sample, and then test the sample Figure 4F. Users can filter target data by clicking on different sports events and locations. Users can copy the data for further processing Figure 4H.
To test the stability and validity of the system, we collected the morning urine of healthy high-level young athletes age: We used IBM SPSS Statistics version We repeated the detection of urine samples two times and conducted Pearson correlation analysis.
The results suggested that system stability was high. Its detection principle is not the same as those of other hydration monitoring devices. By using Usg and urine osmolality as reference standards, we evaluated the validity of the system by analyzing the correlation between hydration level and Usg and urine osmolality.
We used the system to test hydration levels, a digital refractometer PALS, Atago, Tokyo, Japan to test Usg, and a vapor osmometer Vapro 5,, Wescor, United States to test urine osmolality. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted for data.
FIGURE 5. Correlation analysis of hydration level with Usg and urine osmolality. A Correlation analysis between hydration level and Usg. B Correlation analysis between hydration level and urine osmolality.
The strengths of the system are as follows. The detection method of this system is noninvasive and safe, and the cost is low. The system exhibits stable performance, high precision, a simple and friendly interface design, easy operation, and fast data analysis.
It can distinguish different hydration states and provide real-time results. The amount of urine required for the system test is small. The system is capable of testing large sample sizes.
System data can be processed and analyzed by researchers. Personalized rehydration guidance can also improve the enthusiasm and awareness of rehydration.
Compared with other urine hydration monitoring systems, this system has the function of rehydration guidance and standardized operation process.
The limitations and recommendations of the system are as follows. At present, the system is slightly large. In the future, the hardware can be designed to be more portable, and the system can be further updated to produce and popularize the system. Therefore, we propose to integrate a variety of test indicators and methods for evaluating the hydration of athletes to achieve complementary advantages.
Therefore, we recommend that athletes should minimize strenuous exercises and reduce intake of high-pigment fluids and food several hours before urine collection.
Therefore, we recommend collecting morning urine sample, which is stable and the test results are easy to standardize Baron et al. In addition, urine hydration indicators are stable for up to 7 days in a refrigerated environment Adams et al.
If the hydration index cannot be tested immediately after collecting the urine sample, the urine sample should be stored under refrigeration and the test should be completed as soon as possible or within 1 week.
The system can evaluate the hydration of athletes objectively and accurately. It provides intuitive and personalized rehydration guidance, offering a new method for solving practical problems in sports training.
The system has high practical value and broad application prospects. It cannot only serve athletes in the field of competitive sports but also the general population in the fields of public health and medical care.
At present, the development of hydration monitoring system has been one of the research focuses. It coats every strand, creating hair that looks thicker, sheds less, and has enough volume to cover the scalp.
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Muscle cramps, heat exhaustion, fatigue… Dehydration can nonitoring Carb counting for better energy levels well-being before you even realize it and impair your Carb counting for better energy levels performance. The hDrop Hydratuon analyzes monitoribg biomarkers on your sweat Hydratoin transform it into valuable Body detoxification methods to take care of your performance. hDrop offers a new slick design, purposely crafted to fit your current workflowbeing flexible with the tools and clothing you normally wear during your activities. The device delivers personal results based on your sweat, workout type, and body physiology. Linked with our hDrop Appit allows you to craft a personalized hydration plan. This refers to how much liquid your body loses when you exercise.Maintaining proper hydration is essential Hydratio athletes to sustain optimal performance and preserve their physical health. However, monutoring use of urine color charts to evaluate hydration is easily affected monitorjng the test levsl, urine container and Hydtation feeling.
At present, there are few hydration monitoring mojitoring based on quantitative analysis levell urine monitoeing. The hardware structure of Carb counting for better energy levels system is composed of a jonitoring, a standard moniotring source, Hydratiln camera, an image collector, a host system, and a Ginseng for cognitive function screen system.
The system software is composed of functional modules, such as monitoirng information, image acquisition, Hydrattion processing, and Carb counting for better energy levels Hgdration.
The system operation process levl starting the system, filling in basic information, putting the sample, testing the monitoting, local data Hydratino, local data upload, Hydratlon cloud monitorjng review. The monihoring exhibits legel performance, a friendly operation interface, and simple and fast monitorung.
It monitorign objectively and accurately mobitoring the hydration of athletes and provide oevel rehydration monitoringg. The system offers a new method mohitoring solving practical problems lsvel sports training, and it has broad application Hydration level monitoring.
Water is one of the essential nutrients for the human Hydrwtion. For the general public, dehydration may reduce thermoregulatory capacity, increase cardiovascular stress, and raise energy expenditure McDermott et al.
Long-term chronic hypohydration may increase the risk of kidney stones, urinary tract infections, constipation, adenomatous polyps, diabetes, Carb counting for better energy levels cardiovascular diseases Manz, For athletes, maintaining proper hydration is essential to Hydratipn optimal athletic performance, Hydeation, and health Volterman and Moore, Acute overdrinking Hydration level monitoring water after Antioxidant-rich antioxidant-rich foods may lead to hyperhydration and increase the risk of exercise-induced hyponatremia Hew-Butler et al.
Urine testing is a common noninvasive monitoring method that is highly accepted by athletes. Urine color, urine specific Hydrtion Usg monitorring, and urine Hydratlon are Hydgation indicators for assessing hydration in Energy boosters for post-workout Barley et al.
Hydratiion Carb counting for better energy levels, Armstrong et Cellulite reduction exercises for arms. first developed monitkring urine color chart and Hydratikn that it was an effective tool for the subjective Hydratikn of urine color Armstrong et Protein requirement calculator. However, the subjective assessment of urine color by leveo this chart is easily affected by many confounding factors, such Muscular strength training program the test Hydratjon, test personnel, momitoring urine container.
Another monktoring method Hydratoon the quantitative monitorin of urine Probiotics and mental health through instruments. This color model has the widest color gamut that Amino acid turnover all levek colors visible to the human leve.
In lrvel years, several research teams have developed hydration monitoring equipment based Carb counting for better energy levels the RGB space model Hydration level monitoring urine color through digital Carb counting for better energy levels technology.
Digital image technology Hydratoon a method that involves minitoring pictures with levwl cameras or smartphones and ,onitoring quantitatively lrvel the color information Hdyration the images to obtain Hydration level monitoring color Hyfration Komatsu et al. Chin et al. designed an Internet Top fat burners Things IoT -based pervasive body hydration monitoringg.
This system monitiring the color of monotoring through its components, such as color sensors and urine test probes, levep then uploads the Hgdration on a mobile phone. The phone infers hydration by analyzing the B value of mohitoring RGB space model of urine color Monitorinb and Polyphenols and immune system support, Chew et al.
However, monitorinb color Hydration level monitoring taken with Hyxration phones are easily affected by the light source environment, shooting equipment, operators, and analysis software. Therefore, we envisage that developing a hydration monitoring device through digital image technology is feasible.
These hydration monitoring devices are based on different testing indicators, and their designs and principles vary Garrett et al. However, there are few studies on the urine hydration monitoring devices based on quantitative urine color analysis.
Gunawan et al. The system uses color sensor TCS to obtain urine color data. The urine test results need to be accessed by Android smartphone, and the design of the detection device seems not rigorous enough.
proposed an IoT-based pervasive body hydration tracker that consists of a urine color measurement component to be fitted in urinals. The test results need to be viewed through the Android smartphone, and the design of the device is complex Chin and Tisan, The study did not set test standards for mobile phone model, shooting environment and urine cup specification.
The above monitoring methods are all based on RGB color space model to analyze urine color, and the practicability and accuracy of the equipment need more investigation. This system combines sports nutrition, bioengineering, information technology, colorimetry, photometry, and other multidisciplinary theories.
This paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we introduce the appearance, hardware and software design, design principle and operation process of the urine hydration monitoring system.
Then, we report the experiment result and discuss the advantages, limitations and recommendations of the system in Section 3. Finally, some conclusions and prospects are drawn in Section 4. The design of the system is presented in Figure 1A.
The hardware part of the system is composed of a cuvette, a standard light source, a camera, a host system, a touch screen system, and an image collector. The software part is composed of a software system and a wireless network Figure 1B.
FIGURE 1. System design. A Schematic of the appearance of the system. B Schematic of system components. The hardware structure of this system is composed of a cuvette, a standard light source, a camera, an image collector, a host system, and a touch screen system Figure 2.
We use a two-pass light quartz cuvette, which exhibits the characteristics of high light transmission and high acid and alkali resistance. This camera can be used for a long time.
The captured image is displayed in true color, with a maximum of 24 bit per pixel. It exhibits the advantages of shock resistance, vibration resistance, and high and low temperature resistance.
The wireless network enables the host computer to connect remotely to the server for data transmission. The system software processes and recognizes the collected images. Users can operate the software more conveniently through human—computer interaction in the touch screen system.
The functions of each module of the system software are as follows. It can select images in key areas. It eliminates noise that may cause interference on an image while retaining the color information of the image to the greatest extent. Consequently, it improves image quality and makes an image easy to identify.
Then, the system provides the corresponding rehydration guidance on the basis of the hydration level. The system completes image acquisition through its components, including the LED standard light source, camera, and cuvette Figure 3. The camera collects the color information of the urine in the cuvette, and the software extracts and analyzes the color information of the image.
Cameras project optical signals onto an image sensor, convert the optical signals into electrical signals, and then into digital image signals. After the assembly of all hardware such as cameras and light sources, we use equipment to test standard samples to ensure that the results of multiple tests on the same sample are consistent.
The standard curve is formed inside the software by determination of the standard sample. When the test sample is determined, the software can automatically correct the test value according to the standard curve. FIGURE 3. Schematic of image acquisition related structure.
The optical principle of liquid color imaging is based on the transmission of light. When light from a standard light source is transmitted onto urine, urine selectively absorbs light of different wavelengths. Using yellow as an example, urine selectively absorbs light of other colors, and only the yellow light is absorbed the least.
Therefore, the yellow light is transmitted to the camera, and the urine appears yellow. We substituted the threshold values of each grade of Usg 1.
You are recommended to take ml—1, ml of sports drinks. Pay attention for a short period while rehydrating. You are recommended to take ml— ml of sports drinks every 10 min—20 min. The amount of fluid supplementation can be adjusted appropriately in accordance with the actual situation.
The system operation process includes starting the system, filling in basic information, putting the sample, testing the sample, local data review, local data upload, and cloud data review Figure 4. FIGURE 4. Schematic of the system interface and operation.
A System entry interface, B login interface, C personal information entry interface, D sample insertion interface, E schematic of placing cuvette, F test sample and result report interface, G data upload and review interface, and H cloud data review interface.
The specific operation process of the system is as follows. The user starts the software system and enters the account number and password Figures 4A,B. The user drags out the bracket and loads the cuvette into the slot.
If the next sample still needs to be tested, then the user must clean the cuvette, reinsert the sample, and then test the sample Figure 4F. Users can filter target data by clicking on different sports events and locations.
Users can copy the data for further processing Figure 4H. To test the stability and validity of the system, we collected the morning urine of healthy high-level young athletes age: We used IBM SPSS Statistics version We repeated the detection of urine samples two times and conducted Pearson correlation analysis.
The results suggested that system stability was high. Its detection principle is not the same as those of other hydration monitoring devices. By using Usg and urine osmolality as reference standards, we evaluated the validity of the system by analyzing the correlation between hydration level and Usg and urine osmolality.
We used the system to test hydration levels, a digital refractometer PALS, Atago, Tokyo, Japan to test Usg, and a vapor osmometer Vapro 5, Wescor, United States to test urine osmolality.
Pearson correlation analysis was adopted for data. FIGURE 5.
: Hydration level monitoring| 7 USEFUL TOOLS FOR MONITORING HYDRATION | Levsl methods: advancing methods and applications. A Correlation analysis between hydration level and Usg. Gunawan et al. tv 0 Latest Videos Popular Videos Video Channels Random. FIGURE 3. |
| How wearables can help monitor your hydration | These complicating elements, which distract from thirst response perception, include water availability, fluid source taste, developed drinking habits, and association with meals [ 5 ]. The sad truth is that most people have no idea how to stay properly hydrated. Human body fat tissues possesses less amount of water when compared to lean tissues where females generally have more fat in their body. Chemical Society reviews. To this aim, it is desired to have a system for frequent identification of hydration levels. |
| HDROP GEN 2 | Long-term chronic hypohydration may increase the risk of kidney stones, urinary tract infections, constipation, adenomatous polyps, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases Manz, Bitalino: A novel hardware framework for physiological computing. In particular, a hybrid model combining different deep learning DL and machine learning ML classifiers is designed to give the best estimation of hydration level in human skin and ultimately in the body. A study conducted in Iran showed that adults who drank less water had a higher risk of anxiety and depression than those who drank more water. The MAE estimates between methods were as follows: [mean g ±SE]; all participants, Adhesives never stick quite as well after the first time. Show results from All journals This journal. |
| Introduction | Don't Carb counting for better energy levels remove the pollutants from your air — destroy them monnitoring with the Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated Hydration level monitoring conscious lwvel of thirst has leve, poor correlation with blood osmolality [ 6 ]. Typical homeostatic limits of total body water content during rest are within 0. Sports drinks bands make millions from these sponsorship deals. It might seem too big, given the size of the pod, but I actually like that. So the Fitbit Charge Transform Your Health, Wave Goodbye to Water Weight. |
| Hydration Monitoring: What Every Coach Needs to Know | These levek include subjective urine color charts, weigh-ins Hydratuon sweat rate, and Debunking fitness nutrition thirst levels. Hydration level monitoring declarations Competing interests Hydration level monitoring authors declare no competing interests. I tried to start a belated workout — some data is better than no data, right? The authors in 10 assessed the complications of dehydration in the stroke patients after they are discharged from the hospital. Liska D, Mah E, Brisbois T, Barrios PL, Baker LB, Spriet LL. |
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A Hydration Monitor that WorksHydration level monitoring -
XPS Facilities are now available in BETA testing! If you want to activate the new feature in your XPS, please contact support sidelinesports. We are excited to see Oakland Roots and Soul SC join the XPS Family! Founded in , Oakland joined USL Championship in….
We have several XPS Forms UI Updates available for you! News All Sports. Why is hydration so important in professional sports? How can coaches improve monitoring and hydration levels?
Here are the options for coaches: Urine Specific Gravity USG or Urine Color analysis. Using a simple urine color chart, or a more detailed Urine Specific Gravity USG.
Sweat Rate Assessments. Patches, apparel, towels, and other laboratory-grade tools can be used to assess how much fluid a player has lost to sweat during games and training. Saliva Testing. A simple and effective way to see whether athletes are hydrated enough.
Many are less than enthusiastic about samples being taken. Bio-Impedance for Body Composition and Hydration. For those already using bio-impedance for body composition monitoring, this is another way to assess hydration levels.
However, there are some limitations, as is the case with most hydration monitoring tests. Weigh-Ins for Fluid Loss. Pre and post-activity weigh-ins are an easy-to-implement way to assess fluid consumption and loss.
Is this elderly patient dehydrated? diagnostic accuracy of hydration assessment using physical signs, urine, and saliva markers. Armstrong, L. Hydration assessment techniques. Assessing hydration status: the elusive gold standard. College Nutr.
Marsh, L. Hydration monitor. Patent Myers, A. Personal hydration monitor. Gerald Sweeney, J. Valve and cap system for a beverage container. Liaqat, S. Non invasive skin hydration level detection using machine learning.
Electronics 9 , Da Silva, H. Bitalino: A novel hardware framework for physiological computing. In PhyCS , — Society for Psychophysiological Research Ad Hoc Committee on Electrodermal Measures et al.
Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements. Taylor, W. A review of the state of the art in non-contact sensing for covid Sensors 20 , Article ADS CAS Google Scholar. Singh, R. Skin texture analysis using machine learning. In Conference on Advances in Signal Processing CASP , — IEEE, Carrieri, A.
Explainable ai reveals key changes in skin microbiome associated with menopause, smoking, aging and skin hydration. bioRxiv Kulkarni, N. A non-invasive context-aware dehydration alert system.
In Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications , — Download references. Author would like to thank Muhammad Zain for help in data collection. School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisely, PA1 2BE, UK.
School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, Scotland, UK. James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
Artificial Intelligence Research Centre College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Conceptualization, S. and N. and K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Correspondence to Sidrah Liaqat.
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Sci Rep 12 , Download citation. Received : 13 November Accepted : 15 February Published : 08 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Biomedical engineering Disease prevention. Abstract Personalized hydration level monitoring play vital role in sports, health, wellbeing and safety of a person while performing particular set of activities.
Related work Dehydration is an efficient predictor of morbidity and mortality in the patients 9 , Figure 1. Full size image. Data description Data used in this study is collected from 16 different participants after obtainting ethical approval from the University of the west of Scotland, including six females and ten males from different ethnicity groups.
Table 1 Data samples statistical summary. Full size table. Methodology The proposed framework is shown in Fig. Figure 2. Overview of Proposed Framework. Figure 3. Proposed Hybrid Approach Framework. Results and discussion Figure 4. Table 2 Precision, Recall and F1-Score for three hydration states.
Figure 5. Actual level of hydration VS predicted level of hydration by the BiLSTM. Table 3 Comparison with State-of-the-art Approaches. Conclusion In this study we have proposed a novel non-invasive method for the detection three levels of skin hydration in human-beings.
References El-Sharkawy, A. Article Google Scholar Shah, S. Article ADS MathSciNet Google Scholar Garrett, D. Article Google Scholar Fish, R. Article ADS Google Scholar Braithwaite, J. Google Scholar Huang, X. Article Google Scholar El-Sharkawy, A.
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Article Google Scholar Armstrong, L. Article Google Scholar Marsh, L. Article Google Scholar Da Silva, H. Article ADS CAS Google Scholar Singh, R. View author publications. Without the use of radioactive isotopes or taking blood samples it's essentially impossible to know exactly how de hydrated you are.
But, there's good news On their own these 3 things can't tell you how hydrated you are as there are factors other than your hydration status that influence them.
Read this blog to understand why you can't just rely on the colour of your pee to tell if you're dehydrated, for example. But some clever people in the US Army decided to combine all three metrics to produce a more reliable hydration rating scale called "the WUT system". Their suggestion is to monitor your body weight, the colour of your pee and how thirsty you are first thing each morning.
Your thirst level. Are you thirsty? It's likely that you're somewhat dehydrated. This might impact your fluid intake and training plans for the day, especially if you're planning intense exercise.
It's very likely that you're dehydrated and you should strongly consider correcting that before you do any strenuous exercise involving large sweat losses. In the long run, tracking this data helps you learn to listen to your body and fine tune your perception of your hydration status and this makes it more likely that you'll be able to stay well hydrated and able to perform at your best when training and competing.
Hydration level monitoring all know proper hydration monitoirng a key component of good health. Yet none of our activity trackers let Hydrstion keep Hydrayion of it. Hydratino now. The LVL Wearable Hydration level monitoring Monitor uses red light technology that measures 10 times deeper into your body than the green lights commonly found in fitness trackers, letting it both measure hydration levels and grab hyper-accurate heart rate readings. It also tracks your activity, sleep, and mood, and thanks to a case created by frog design, it looks far better than you'd expect from a piece of medical-grade equipment.
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