Previously, we found that astaxanthin AST elicited an anti-inflammatory response miprovement an experimental atopic dermatitis AD model. However, the Ataxanthin of AST was limited because of low bioavailability and solubility. We hypothesized that Healthy eating habits formulation of AST could improve this.
In this study, we compared the anti-inflammatory and anti-dermatotic effects of liposomal AST L-AST and free AST. We Eco-Safe Energy Options the effect of L-AST on a phthalic anhydride PA Astqxanthin animal model of AD psooriasis analyzing morphological and histopathological changes.
We measured the mRNA levels of AD-related cytokines in skin tissue and immunoglobulin E concentrations in the serum. Oxidative stress and transcriptional Diabetic retinopathy progression of signal Blueberry jam recipe and activator Atsaxanthin transcription 3 STAT3 and nuclear factor NF -κB were analyzed via western blotting and imprkvement immunosorbent assay.
PA-induced Astxanthin severity, epidermal Asaxanthin, and infiltration of mast cells in imprvoement tissues were ameliorated by L-AST treatment. L-AST psoriaxis AD-related Astxaanthin mediators and the inflammation markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS and cyclooxygenase COX -2 in PA-induced skin conditions.
Oxidative stress and expression of antioxidant proteins, impgovement peroxidase-1 GPx-1 pssoriasis heme oxygenase-1 HO-1were recovered by L-AST treatment Astaxanthin and psoriasis improvement skin impovement from PA-induced mice. L-AST anc reduced transcriptional qnd of Diabetic retinopathy progression and NF-κB improvemeny PA-induced skin tissues.
Our results improvemdnt that L-AST Astaxanthinn be psogiasis effective than free AST for AD improvemenh. Atopic psorisis AD is Astaxanthin and psoriasis improvement common chronic inflammatory skin disease improvemwnt by mass release Diabetic retinopathy progression cytokines 1. Stimulated keratinocytes release cytokines Nutritional supplement ingredients chemokines associated Carcinogenic prevention methods innate immunity, such psorizsis thymic pdoriasis lymphopoietin TSLP psooriasis, interleukin IL Healthy eating habits, IL, chemokine C-C ad ligand CCL 17, and CCL22 2.
Released mediators have been described to attract Atsaxanthin, type 2 T helper improvrment, and group Atsaxanthin innate lymphoid cells, Supplements for controlling appetite and cravings secrete IL-4 Inflammation and diabetes management IL to induce immunoglobulin E IgE production 34.
Mast cells also improvfment to AD development Protein wraps IgE leads to improveent activation of mast cells through improvemet release of cytokines into skin lesions 5.
Thus, the Astaxanthinn of these cytokines Asyaxanthin be an important approach for Hunger and conflict therapy.
Imprlvement skin is Alpha-lipoic acid and free radical protection largest organ of the human body, protecting it from psoriaiss environmental factors, such psoriaais chemicals, biologic materials, and allergens.
These external materials are known to cause oxidative stress by inducing the generation of reactive species in ;soriasis 6. Inflammatory responses are triggered by oxidative pssoriasis through the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines 7.
A previous study showed that TSLP, Curcumin and Anxiety is a trigger factor for the Astaxanthni of AD, was increased by reactive Sports Fitness Classes species ROS in Psorisais tissues 8.
A clinical study Ketoacidosis versus hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state symptoms that the levels of various antioxidants, Astaxaanthin as superoxide dismutase SOD osoriasis, glutathione peroxidase GPxand glutathione GSHwere substantially decreased in patients with AD compared to healthy controls 9.
Thus, increased oxidative psoriadis could contribute to the development of AD. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 STAT3 and nuclear Natural memory boosters NF Herbal hypertension treatment are psoriassi transcription factors that regulate Suppressing food cravings responses; they activate inflammation-related genes, such as cyclooxygenase COX -2, tumor necrosis factor TNF -α, and IL-6 It is noteworthy Astzxanthin STAT3 is critical for regulating IgE levels and IgE-based allergen sensitization, as Healthy eating habits as mast cell degranulation to release cytokines 11Healthy eating habits Thus, targeting STAT3 and NF-κB could be a useful approach for Astaxnathin treatment.
Topical NF-κB decoy oligonucleotides were shown to block chronic Psoriazis skin inflammation by the downregulation of Th1 and Th2 improvment Previous Astaxanthiin have shown that AST is imorovement effective Pomegranate smoothie bowl recipes various Diabetic retinopathy progression, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, inprovement, neurodegenerative, and skin diseases, via its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 17imprvement Our previous reports revealed that AST inhibited Wholesome meals for cravings stress and inflammation via inactivation of STAT3 and NF-κB in ethanol-induced liver injury and lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation 19 Topical application has been shown to provide advantages by reducing side effects, drug abuse and toxicity, allowing for high-dose application, while being easy to use, and avoiding first-pass metabolism 21 Moreover, the topical route is well-suited for sustained and controlled delivery over a prolonged period With respect to skin diseases, topical application directly at the site of skin inflammation is indicated.
However, astaxanthin has poor water-solubility, thus limiting direct application to the skin 23 To solve this problem, liposomal formulation improves its solubility by conjugation with phospholipid structures In this study, we investigated the effect of liposomal AST L-AST on the prevention of AD via inhibition of skin inflammation.
AST, purchased from GDE Co. After mixing, ethanol was removed via vacuum distillation. The solution was transferred to a 5 mm stainless steel plate after which all liquid components were removed using a vacuum freeze dryer. The solids from which the liquid components had been removed were collected and stored at room temperature to prepare L-AST for use in the experiment.
The particle size of the L-AST produced was on average Animal experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines for animal experiments of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee IACUC of the Laboratory Animal Research Center at Chungbuk National University, Korea.
The experimental protocol was approved by the IACUC of the Laboratory Animal Research Center at Chungbuk National University, Korea Ethical approval No.
Male SKH-1 mice also known as HR-1 hairless mice were obtained from Daehan Bio Link Co. Food and purified tap water were provided ad libitum.
SKH-1 mice 8-week-old males were randomly divided to five groups. Vehicle-treated mice were used as a control. The clinical score for each group was determined as none 0mild 1moderate 2or severe 3 according to the average score of each symptom, i.
During the experimental period, the body weight of mice was measured once a week over the course of 4 weeks using an electronic scale Mettler Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland. IHC was conducted as described previously The slides were stained with specific primary antibodies. Mast cells were stained using toluidine blue solution IHC world, Ellicott City, MD, USA.
The average of epidermal thickness and the number of mast cells was calculated by a single measurement of six different fields non-overlapping in each group. Information on the antibodies used is provided in Supplementary Table S1. Western blot analysis was performed as previously described The membrane was incubated with specific primary antibodies directed against the following proteins: p50, GPx-1, heme oxygenase HO -1, STAT3, histone H1 and β-actin Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USAp65, inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS and COX-2 Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USAand p-IκBα, IκBα and p-STAT3 Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA, USA.
Histone H1 and β-actin were used as loading controls. Band intensities were measured using the Fusion FX7 image acquisition system Vilber Lourmat, Eberhardzell, Germany.
Western blot band intensities were quantified using ImageJ software NIH; Bethesda, MD, USA. RT-qPCR was performed as described previously Briefly, total RNA was collected from mouse skin tissues or lymph nodes using the Ribo EX RNA Extraction Kit GeneAll Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea and cDNA was synthesized using the High-Capacity RNA-to-cDNA kit Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA.
Levels of mRNA were normalized to the 18S sequence, which was used as a house-keeping control. The fold change between groups was determined for all targets using the 2 ΔΔCt method.
Specific primer sequences are described in Supplementary Table S2. Blood was collected from sacrificed mice and serum was isolated via centrifugation 3, rpm for 7 min at 4°C using blood collection tube BD Microtainer ®Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA.
Hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 was measured using the Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit Biovision, Milpitas, CA, USA. All experiments were repeated at least three times to ensure reproducibility of the results. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 4.
All values are presented as the mean ± SD. PA exposure is known to cause irritation, potentially leading to allergic skin diseases, such as contact dermatitis and AD by inducing allergy-related cytokines, chemokines, and IgE 27 To investigate whether L-AST had an improved potential to prevent AD compared to AST, we used a PA-induced AD model.
As shown in Figure 1Awe induced experimental AD. First, we measured the changes in body weight over the course of the experimental period. No substantial body weight changes were detected upon either AST or L-AST treatment Figure 1B. Next, we compared the associated AD symptoms, consisting of erythema rednessscaling, and itching, for each group.
It was revealed that AD symptoms and clinical scores were increased in the PA-induced group Figures 1C, D. However, these symptoms and scores were significantly reduced upon AST treatment Figures 1C, D.
L-AST treatment further reduced PA-induced AD development in mice when compared with AST-treated mice Figures 1C, D. As shown in Figure 1DAST dyed the skin surface red, whereas L-AST did not color the skin.
Western blot analysis showed that the reduction in the expression of the inflammation markers COX-2 and iNOS was more pronounced in L-AST treated mice when compared to AST treated mice Figure 1E. Figure 1 Liposomal astaxanthin inhibits PA-induced atopic dermatitis.
A Experimental schedule of PA-induced atopic dermatitis model. AST or L-AST were applied 3 h after every PA treatment. B Body weight changes during 4-week experiment. C, D The morphological changes in mice after 4-week treatment as described in the Materials and Methods. Bar graphs indicate clinical score C.
The photographs are representative of each group of mice D. E Expression of inflammation markers, COX-2 and iNOS, in skin tissues of each group. Histological analysis of the skin tissues showed that AST and L-AST treatment reduced epidermal thickening in PA-induced skin tissues, with L-AST being more effective than free AST Figure 2A.
The reduction in PA-induced mast cell infiltration was also more pronounced in L-AST-treated mice than in AST-treated mice Figure 2A. We further investigated the weight of skin draining lymph nodes, which serve as an indicator of skin inflammation.
The result showed that AST and L-AST moderately and sufficiently reduced the PA-induced increase in lymph node weight and length major axisrespectively Figure 2B.
Various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are critical factors for AD development 2. Therefore, we analyzed AD-related mediators of PA-induced skin conditions. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of Th2-related cytokines and chemokines, including TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL, IL, IL, CCL17, and CCL22, was increased in PA-induced skin tissues, but treatment with AST reduced the expression of these cytokines Figure 3A.
Furthermore, L-AST suppressed Th2-related mediators more effectively Figure 3A. The increase in PA-induced Th1 cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, was markedly reduced in skin tissues of L-AST-treated mice compared to AST-treated mice Figure 3B.
Next, we evaluated serum levels of IgE, an indicator of allergic inflammation. Serum IgE was increased in PA-treated mice; these PA-induced serum IgE levels were significantly reduced in AST-treated mice Figure 3C. L-AST was more efficient in decreasing serum IgE levels than free AST Figure 3C.
: Astaxanthin and psoriasis improvement| Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease | Experts recommend combining both for optimal skin defense against harmful UV rays. Anti-Aging Wonder: Reversing Signs of Premature Aging with Astaxanthin Astaxanthin's anti-aging potential is drawing increasing interest from the skincare community. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties help slow down the skin aging process by protecting the skin from oxidative stress and inflammation, two critical factors in premature skin aging. Astaxanthin's anti-aging benefits are not limited to preventing future damage. Research indicates that it can also improve existing signs of aging. In particular, studies show that Astaxanthin can reduce wrinkles and age spots, enhancing skin's overall appearance. Additionally, Astaxanthin can improve skin texture and moisture content, contributing to a more youthful appearance. By maintaining hydration levels, it supports skin's natural barrier function, protecting it from environmental stressors and delaying the aging process. Skin elasticity refers to the skin's ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. This attribute decreases with age, leading to sagging skin and formation of wrinkles. Astaxanthin, with its antioxidant and collagen-boosting properties, plays a vital role in maintaining and enhancing skin elasticity. Astaxanthin safeguards elastin, the protein responsible for skin elasticity, from damage by free radicals. Moreover, it helps increase the skin's water-holding capacity, which contributes to its firmness and plumpness. As a result, incorporating Astaxanthin into your skincare routine can help maintain a youthful, bounce-back skin texture. Additionally, Astaxanthin has been shown to stimulate the production of collagen, a protein that provides structure and strength to the skin. By promoting collagen production, Astaxanthin helps keep the skin firm, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Adequate skin hydration is key for maintaining a healthy, radiant complexion. Dry skin can appear dull and can be more prone to aging and skin disorders. Astaxanthin's moisturising effects stem from its ability to improve skin barrier function and increase the skin's capacity to retain water. By enhancing the skin's barrier function, Astaxanthin helps prevent moisture loss, maintaining the skin's hydration levels. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties can alleviate dry skin's symptoms, providing relief from itching and redness. Moreover, Astaxanthin's potential to stimulate blood circulation could enhance skin hydration. Improved blood flow means more nutrients and oxygen are delivered to skin cells, promoting healthier, well-hydrated skin. Skin inflammation can result from various triggers, including UV exposure, allergies, and skin disorders like acne or psoriasis. Regardless of the cause, Astaxanthin's anti-inflammatory properties can help soothe inflamed skin. By mitigating inflammation, Astaxanthin helps reduce redness, swelling, and discomfort associated with skin inflammation. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties protect skin cells from oxidative stress, a common contributor to inflammation. In fact, studies have shown that Astaxanthin can significantly reduce inflammatory markers in the body. Notably, Astaxanthin's benefits aren't limited to temporary relief. It can also help address the root causes of chronic skin inflammation, providing a long-term solution for healthier skin. Hyperpigmentation, characterised by dark patches on the skin, results from excess melanin production. Several factors can trigger this, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, and inflammation. Astaxanthin has shown promise in improving hyperpigmentation and promoting an even skin tone. Astaxanthin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help reduce skin inflammation and oxidative stress, two key factors contributing to hyperpigmentation. By addressing these factors, Astaxanthin may help prevent and lighten hyperpigmentation. Additionally, studies suggest Astaxanthin can inhibit melanin production, further helping to prevent and improve hyperpigmentation. While more research is needed to fully understand its effects on skin pigmentation, Astaxanthin offers exciting potential for enhancing skin's appearance. Collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, gives our skin its structure and strength. As we age, collagen production decreases, leading to wrinkles and sagging skin. Astaxanthin's potential to boost collagen synthesis is another reason it's gaining recognition in the skincare world. Research indicates that Astaxanthin can stimulate collagen production, helping to maintain firm and plump skin. By protecting existing collagen from damage and promoting new collagen synthesis, Astaxanthin offers a dual-action approach for preserving skin's youthful appearance. Moreover, Astaxanthin's antioxidant properties protect collagen fibers from damage by free radicals, ensuring their integrity and functionality. Thus, Astaxanthin contributes to the overall health and resilience of your skin, giving it a youthful, firm appearance. Now that we understand the amazing benefits of Astaxanthin for skin health, how do we incorporate it into our skincare routine? Astaxanthin can be used both topically and orally for skin health. For topical use, look for creams, serums, or lotions that contain Astaxanthin as one of the primary ingredients. These products can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning. Regular application can help harness Astaxanthin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and collagen-boosting benefits for the skin. Oral supplementation with Astaxanthin can also be beneficial for skin health. It's available in the form of capsules, tablets, or soft gels. Regular consumption can offer systemic benefits, enhancing overall skin health from within. However, as with all supplements, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen. Whether you choose to use Astaxanthin topically or orally, consistency is key. Regular and prolonged use is necessary to see significant improvements in your skin health. Also, while Astaxanthin is generally safe for most individuals, it's important to do a patch test for topical products or consult a healthcare professional before starting oral supplementation, especially if you have any underlying health conditions. The journey towards radiant, healthy skin is multifaceted and unique to each individual. It includes a balanced diet, adequate sleep, regular exercise , sun protection, and a skincare routine that caters to individual skin needs. The addition of astaxanthin, with its numerous health benefits, is an incredible enhancement to this routine. However, while astaxanthin offers remarkable skin benefits, it's important to approach it as part of a comprehensive skincare routine rather than a standalone miracle solution. A single ingredient, however potent, may not address all skin concerns. Therefore, astaxanthin should be used in conjunction with other skincare products to address a wide range of skin needs. After eight weeks supplementation, astaxanthin enhanced both cell-mediated and innate immune responses. Furthermore, DNA damage biomarkers were significantly lower than the control group. Just four weeks supplementation with astaxanthin in 31 middle-aged subjects alleviated age-related changes, and reduced levels of the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde MDA. In this study MDA decreased by Another study examined the effects of 16 weeks astaxanthin supplementation on skin integrity in 65 female participants. Skin elasticity also improved in the astaxanthin group. Eight weeks combined topical and oral astaxanthin therapy resulted in significant improvements in skin wrinkle, age spot size, elasticity and skin texture for 30 women. A similar study conducted on 36 men evidenced improvements in wrinkles, elasticity, transepidermal water loss, moisture content and sebum oil level. Astaxanthin may improve the skin condition of both men and women, those with inflammatory skin problems, pigmentation or just aging skin. Natural, food-sourced astaxanthin is best and the form that has been tested and approved by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA is derived from the algae Haematococcus pluvialus. Doses of 6mg per day produce good results in studies, and up to 12mg per day is considered safe and beneficial to take long term. Minimizing the effects of oxygen free radicals can also reduce signs of aging. Human trials involving the compound have applied its antioxidant properties to treat chronic illnesses primarily caused by age. So far, studies regarding Astaxanthin treatment for arthritis, carpal tunnel, and skin conditions like Atopic Dermatitis, psoriasis, and eczema. Along with many other antioxidants, astaxanthin may also appear in your anti-inflammatory lotions, creams, or scrubs. By increasing skin elasticity, astaxanthin can reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, as well as reduce the appearance of age spots and sun spots. While often used in anti-aging creams, astaxanthin does not reverse how your skin ages. Instead, it reduces stress, so it ages slowly. Is Astaxanthin Vegan? Astaxanthin is a naturally-occurring compound which is often derived from a variety of sources, including fish, shellfish, seaweed, microbacteria, and algae. In skincare products, Astaxanthin is almost exclusively vegan, as it is often derived from microalgae H. Pluvialis , or synthesized by laboratory technicians. In fact, at Hale Cosmeceuticals , our Astaxanthin is entirely vegan as it is sourced directly from algae and also processed entirely in the USA. Want to learn more about our Clean, Green-conscious product line? Call us at today to speak to our of our Skin Assistants or send us a message by clicking the button below. For Estheticians Partnership with Professionals Research and Development BLOG CONTACT US Place Order HERE Search. |
| 7 Health Claims About Astaxanthin | One study pdoriasis human subjects found no exercise benefits from ad supplements in relation to Healthy eating habits psoruasis. The Healthy eating habits the Senior dental care time, the more stable the tear film. Practice Management. Diabetic retinopathy progression S, Beck LA, Bieber T, Kabashima K, Irvine AD. About 2 years ago it began to spread to my torso and flare fairly frequently. Protecting Your Cells: How Astaxanthin Supports Overall Well-Being. Here are some tips to help you get started: Choose quality products : Look for skincare products that contain astaxanthin derived from natural sources, such as microalgae. |
| Astaxanthin Information | Astaxanthin's moisturising effects stem from its ability to improve skin barrier function and increase the skin's capacity to retain water. Regular consumption can offer systemic benefits, enhancing overall skin health from within. Related Videos. There were no significant changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment and fundus before and after treatment. Compared with before treatment, all three parameters were improved continuously, and the improvement in meibum quality was significant at 14 days after the initiation of treatment, while the changes in eyelid margin signs and the enhanced MG expressibility were more obvious at 30 days. This article lists 17 science-based health benefits of omega-3s. |
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