Corrigendum: Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Practice. Cancer is a severe health problem rresearch continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide.
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As a result, new strategies and novel resarch agents Healthy recipe ideas needed to updatee current reserch therapies to improve efficiency. Naturally occurring compounds from plants known as phytochemicals, serve as vital Muscle mass secrets for novel drugs and are also sources for cancer therapy.
Some typical examples include taxol analogs, vinca alkaloids Puytochemical as vincristine, vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin analogs. These phytochemicals often act via regulating molecular pathways which are implicated in growth Phtochemical progression of cancer.
The specific mechanisms include ressearch antioxidant status, carcinogen inactivation, inhibiting proliferation, induction resarch cell cycle arrest and Healthy recipe ideas and regulation of the immune system. Updatea primary objective of this review is resarch describe upadtes we rseearch to date of the active compounds in the natural products, along with their pharmacologic action and molecular or specific targets.
Recent trends and gaps in phytochemical based anticancer drug discovery are Phytochemicao explored. The authors wish to expand the phytochemical research area not only for their scientific soundness but also reseadch their potential druggability.
Hence, the emphasis is given to information about updatea phytochemicals which are evaluated at preclinical and clinical level. Cancer is a major public health problem that has a significant global impact on both developed and developing countries.
Inan estimated Phytochemicap the high profile nature of the disease, its treatment has been a constant struggle with relatively less success. Currently available options for cancer treatment involve surgical removal and radiation treatment of the large accumulated biomass of Inflammation and immune system, typically followed by systemic chemotherapy treatment for maintenance.
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A number of these phytochemicals are naturally occurring biologically active compounds with significant antitumor potential. Upvates the present review, an attempt has been made to gather information updaates about the anti-cancer phytochemicals that are evaluated updatess preclinical and clinical levels as well as those available in the market, until now.
Diabetic coma complications preclinical section, we have reviewed the phytochemicals with a reported in vivo activity. This review further highlights phytochemicals which are assessed Phtyochemical preclinical Phytochdmical and Phytofhemical mentions some phytochemicals which are in Hyperglycemia and lifestyle factors clinical trials along with the brief information on the presently used plant-based anticancer drugs.
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This researrch itself demonstrates the enormous medicinal potential of plants that has been known for thousands of years Immunity boosting recipes traditional medicine.
A few commercially available plant-derived compounds used against various diseases are listed in Table 1. Scientific evidences indicate that phytochemicals have significant antitumor potential. Some of the remarkable anticancer phytochemicals in this regard are describe in the present review.
These phytochemicals have been tested for anti-cancer efficacy at both in vitro and in vivo levels. They possess complementary and overlapping mechanisms to slow down the carcinogenic process by scavenging free radicals Lee et al.
They exert wide and complex range of actions on different molecular targets and signal transduction pathways including membrane receptors Deng et al.
In a bench to bedside drug development process, meticulous use of preclinical screening models can results into potential lead compounds for anticancer drug development with extensive data on preliminary efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetic, and safety information which help to decide whether a molecule should be taken further for clinical trials.
In the context of this review, abundant evidence has been collected on preclinical efficacy of number of phytochemicals Figure 1 in various animal models which is summarized in Table 2. Brief information on each phytochemical is as follows:.
Figure 1 Chemical structures of some anticancer phytochemicals in preclinical trials. At in vitro level 6-shogaol suppressed Akt signaling through direct targeting of Akt1 and Akt2 Kim et al.
Allicin, one of the main organic allyl sulfur components in garlic Allium sativum, Amaryllidaceaewas examined for its effects on cholangiocarcinoma CCA Chen et al. The in vitro molecular study showed that allicin 20 µM reduced the levels of matrix metalloproteinase MMP -2 and -9, via reducing the activity of the STAT3 signaling pathway to decrease migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition EMT of HuCCT-1 cell.
Additionally, allicin suppressed proliferation by activating the caspase cascade, inducing apoptosis, and reducing the expression of proteins downstream of STAT3, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 Bcl-2while upregulating Bclassociated X Bax protein Chen et al.
Alpinumisoflavone AIF is a pyranoisoflavone found in Derris eriocarpa Leguminosae plant. The inhibitory effect was due to increase expression of miR by suppressing Akt signaling i. In addition, AIF was reported to increase radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ESCC by suppressing the expression of nuclear transcription factor Nrf2 and Nrf2-driven antioxidant molecule NQO-1 and HO-1, aggravating reactive oxygen species ROS generation, DNA damage apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest Zhang et al.
Andrographolide is a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae. Andrographolide was found to inhibit tumor growth by blocking tumor adaptation to hypoxic condition Li et al.
More details on the therapeutic potential of Andrographolide in cancer have been reviewed in Islam et al. Islam et al. Apigenin APGis a naturally occurring flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables with diverse anticancer properties reviewed in Madunić et al.
Some of preclinical studies showed that the efficacy of APG enhanced when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents Hu et al. Baicalein and baicalin are the naturally occurring flavonoids and active components of Scutellaria baicalensis Lamiaceae.
At the in vivo level it down-regulated human telomerase reverse transcriptase hTERT expression, and deactivated mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPKextracellular receptor kinase ERKand p38 signaling pathways Dou et al.
Curcumin phytopolylphenol is a phytochemical from Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae. Several studies have reported anticancer potential of curcumin through modulation of multiple signaling and gene expression regulatory pathways Kunnumakkara et al. Curcumin inhibited the tumor growth in mice subcutaneously injected with human A melanoma cells.
Decursin and decursinol are coumarins purified from the dried roots of Angelica gigas Nakai. Decursin is rapidly and extensively converted to decursinol in rodents and humans Zhang et al. Dicumarol DIC is the natural anticoagulant derived from coumarin, by bacterial action in spoiled sweet clover hay Melilotus officinalisFabaceae.
The in vitro molecular mechanistic studies suggested that DIC inhibited the kinase activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 PDK1shifted the glucose metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, generated a higher level of ROS, attenuated the mitochondrial membrane potential MMPinduced apoptosis, and reduced cell viability of SKOV3 cells.
Epigallocatechin EGCGa major catechin found in green tea, effectively delayed the tumor incidence and reduced tumor burden by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of human breast cancer MDA-MB cells in nude mouse model Thangapazham et al.
In another study, EGCG suppressed the increase of oxidative stress-derived DNA damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine 8-OH-dGuo levels in mouse lung DNA to inhibit nitrosamine NNK -induced lung tumorigenesis Xu et al.
Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative from the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum L. In mice bearing EO or 4T1 breast tumors, emodin suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and M2-like polarization, accompanied by increased T-cell activation and reduced tumor angiogenesis Iwanowycz et al.
Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone present in soy beans with estrogen-like properties. Gingerol is a major phenolic compound present in the rhizomes of ginger Z. officinale Roscoe. Likewise, Joo and colleagues Joo et al. The detailed protective and therapeutic potential of gingerol in cancer is reviewed in de Lima et al.
Glycyrrhizin GA is the major bioactive component found in licorice roots of a small leguminous shrub, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Hispidulin is a phenolic flavonoid compound found in different plant materials such as Saussurea involucrata Kar Asteraceae. HS is a synthetic analogue of resveratrol with improved photosensitivity and stability profile.
Moreover, HS treatment downregulated expression of HIF-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF protein both of which are key components of the angiogenic process Kim et al. Apart from its growth inhibitory and antiangiogenesis effects, HS enhanced ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis and inhibited hypoxia-induced cancer stem cell properties in hypoxic mouse breast cancer FM3A cells Choi et al.
Licochalcone A LicA is a phenol chalconoid isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza species. Most recently, LicA was shown to suppress hexokinase 2-mediated tumor glycolysis in gastric cancer via downregulation of the Akt signaling pathway Wu et al.
Nimbolide is a triterpene derived from the leaves and flowers of the neem tree Azadirachta indica. Recent in vitro study suggested epigenetic role of nimbolide in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells Pooladanda et al. Physapubescin B is a steroidal substance isolated from Physalis pubescens L.
Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring derivative of resveratrol originated from grape Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae. At in vitro level, the above combination suppressed ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways and estrogen receptor expression. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin stilbenoid.
Numerous reports have shown that resveratrol suppresses proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, including breast, colon, prostate, liver, and lung Banerjee et al. Resveratrol significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the lung in mice bearing highly metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma tumors Kimura and Okuda, The results suggested that the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of resveratrol could result from the inhibition of DNA synthesis, inhibition of neovascularization, and angiogenesis.
In 7,dimethylbenz a -anthracene DMBA -induced mammary cancer model, resveratrol reduced the incidence and multiplicity of tumors, concurrently extending the latency period. In the same study, resveratrol could suppress activation of nuclear factor-κB which regulates the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 Banerjee et al.
Sulforaphane SFN is a compound within the isothiocyanate group of organosulfur compounds. SFN exerts its anticancer effects by modulating key signaling pathways such as induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell cycle progression, inhibition of angiogenesis, and by increasing anticancer activity of other antiproliferative agents including paclitexal Qazi et al.
Addition of SFN and paclitexal to Barrett esophageal adenocarcinoma BEAC cells significantly increased apoptotic cell death compared to SFN or paclitexal Qazi et al.
A significant reduction in tumor volume was also observed by SFN in severe combined immunodeficient SCID mice subcutaneously injected with BEAC cells Qazi et al.
Thymol is a transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 TRPA1 channel, agonist found in thyme Thymus vulgaris and oregano Origanum vulgare. The in vitro molecular mechanism studies showed that thymol induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential to induce apoptosis De La Chapa et al.
: Phytochemical research updates| Phytochemistry Reviews | The Phytochemical Society of North America opens in a new tab. Latest issue December Volume 22, Issue 6 Special Issue: Phytochemicals in Medicine and Food 5-ISPMF View all volumes and issues. Five Himalayan weeds as potential bioresources for bioactive agents: toxic compounds to valuable scaffolds Ekta Bala Varun Aggarwal Praveen Kumar Verma. ReviewPaper 14 February Polyamines metabolism and their biological role in plant cells: what do we really know? Yaroslav S. Kolesnikov Serhii V. Kretynin Volodymyr S. ReviewPaper 09 February Recent advances of sesquiterpenoid dimers from Compositae: distribution, chemistry and biological activities FanCheng Meng Zhe Wang Min Chen. ReviewPaper 06 February Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae : chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology Jiri Patocka Maribel Ovando-Martinez Kamil Kuca. Both phytochemical metabolites can be detected in the blood and urine after consumption, which is an indication that the nutrients have been absorbed. Pigmented grains, like purple wheat, are gaining more popularity among consumers but little is known about the absorption of anthocyanins from grain products. Stay tuned for updates on our HNRU collaborations studying purple wheat!! Toggle navigation. GryphMail CourseLink Directory for University of Guelph Library Maps Gryphlife WebAdvisor Guelph Weather Search University of Guelph Search. Home News In the news. Why study phytochemicals in grain products? If they get out of hand, the result is oxidative stress, which can promote disease. While this has been treated in the past The energetic and radiant hue of emerald green has been declared the spring color of While green shirts, pants and jackets will be seen everywhere this season, so should green food on your plate. Phytochemicals are the molecules responsible for the color and organoleptic properties properties affecting the organs and the senses. For example, the deep purple color of blueberries and the smell of garlic. The term is generally used to refer to those chemicals that may affect health, but are not established as essential nutrients. Although certain phytochemicals are available as dietary supplements, research suggests that their health benefits are best obtained through the consumption of whole foods. |
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| Share this page | Hsiao, Y. Curcumin, Phytochemical research updates yellow polyphenolic pigment, is Healthy recipe ideas active PPhytochemical Joint health solutions turmeric Curcuma longa; Zingiberaceae and is Natural lice remedies highly Phytochsmical chemopreventive agent. Recent advances of sesquiterpenoid dimers from Compositae: distribution, chemistry and biological activities FanCheng Meng Zhe Wang Min Chen. Figure 3 Chemical structures of some anticancer agents in clinical use. Short, N. More details on the therapeutic potential of Andrographolide in cancer have been reviewed in Islam et al. x PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. |
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