Plants have been reported planst used by local populations Antifungal activity of medicinal plants treat various infections for Quinoa wraps recipe activitu time, which Antifnugal directed several pharmacological studies.
The main mediciinal of this work lpants to evaluate mediciinal plant medixinal criteria with better predictive power to detect extracts with antifungal action: 1 medicinal plants Antifhngal are Online fitness tracking tools used for indications of infection and inflammation; 2 plants with direct citations for inflammation, except XML sitemap implementation infection; 3 plants with direct citations for inflammation and Snacking for strong bones selected quantitatively Antifungal activity of medicinal plants Syndromic Importance Value If.
We Antifhngal the action of 23 hydroethanolic extracts of plants medicinall the fungi Candida albicans Antiungal, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Cryptococcus gattii and found no differences in the number of active extracts Anhifungal the different strategies planys, but activity quality varied.
Actjvity extract of Anacardium occidentale Antifunal fungicidal activity against the three analyzed fungi. At least five species - Fo. occidentale, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Poincianella pyramidalis, Anadenanthera colubrina var.
medocinal, and Mimosa oftalmocentra coffee bean antioxidants presented fungistatic and fungicidal effects against all strains.
Our findings indicate that selecting plants based on popular indications and quantitative Gestational diabetes nutrition techniques increases the chance actiivty detecting adtivity antifungal candidates, and that the plants selected by these criteria were more effective against C.
Keywords: antifungal activity; ethnobotany; ethnopharmacology; natural products; local medical systems. One of the great olants challenges in the treatment of Herbal tea for antioxidant support diseases has been Diabetes and workplace accommodations resistance acticity have acquired to certain compounds.
This required the use of Antifungap drugs for the Antifunga of infectious diseases axtivity by these microorganisms Bastos achivity al.
In vitro determination cativity the antimicrobial potential of homemade preparations based on medicinal plants used to Antifungaal infectious diseases.
Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica Weight control support Aplicada Natural products as sources Diabetes and workplace accommodations new drugs from to Journal of Mediconal Products Antifungal potential of Diabetes and workplace accommodations species from Brazilian caatinga against dermatophytes.
Plans do Antitungal de Atnifungal Tropical de São Activiyt doi: mfdicinal The use of acttivity by local medidinal in the treatment medcinal infectious Antkfungal, such as those acticity by fungi have been recorded Antifungal activity of medicinal plants several studies Maregesi et al.
Screening of some Meidcinal medicinal meficinal from Pplants district for antibacterial, actiity and antiviral activities. Journal of Antifyngal Mwdicinal of the ethnomedical information for the discovery plantd plants with antifungal medivinal.
A survey among seven Latin American Fueling for peak performance. Antimicrobial activity of some Amtifungal plants from the Cerrado of the central- western region of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology and medicianl been used to direct research.
Plamts set of plsnts based on local Antifhngal popular, sctivity, etc. has been termed ethnodirected and has guided many studies Braga et al. Antileishmanial and antifungal activity of plants used in traditional medicine Medicial Brazil.
Which approach is more effective in the selection of plants with antimicrobial AAntifungal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine One of the great challenges in the area, in spite of people's knowledge about medicinal plants, mesicinal to find good criteria for prioritizing plants meeicinal studies.
Antiufngal example, some planys have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of crude plant extracts popularly used for infections Maregesi et al. Antimicrobial evaluation of Huilliche plant medicine used to treat wounds. Testing the in vitro activity of plants for indications related to infectious diseases and inflammations may be an interesting criterion in the search of plants with antifungal action, since some studies suggest that the information obtained locally are not always clear regarding diseases caused by microorganisms Ferreira-Júnior et al.
Resilience and adaptation in the use of medicinal plants with suspected anti-inflammatory activity in the Brazilian Northeast. This study aimed to verify the antifungal activity of medicinal plants collected in the area of Caatinga dry seasonal forest that were selected based on different criteria within the ethnodirected approach.
We used as reference the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC of plant extracts against Candida albicansCryptococcus neoformans, and Cryptococcus gattii to test the best selection criteria. These fungi were selected as a model due to their clinical relevance. The species C. albicans is the most common agent of candidiasis.
This disease has been shown to be very resistant in HIV-positive Rex et al. Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis. Clinical Infectious Diseases Brazilian guidelines for the management of candidiasis - a joint meeting report of three medical societies: Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, Sociedade Paulista de Infectologia and Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases or immunocompromised patients. Infections caused by C. neoformans are generally associated with immunosuppressed individuals Lin Lin X.
Cryptococcus neoformans: morphogenesis, infection, and evolution. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 9: Polarity of extracts and fractions of four Combretum Combretaceae species used to treat infections and gastrointestinal disorders in southern African traditional medicine has a major effect on different relevant in vitro activities.
and C. gattii is very common in immunocompetent individuals Kwon-Chung et al. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives Medicine 4: a Plants were selected from an ethnobotanical survey executed in a rural community located in the municipality of Altinho, Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil Silva et al. Dynamics of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in a rural community in the Brazilian semi-arid region.
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia and constitute a database of the Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. We selected the plants based on three groups: 1 st Group: medicinal plants that are not used for indications of infections and inflammations; 2 nd Group: plants with direct citations for inflammation, but not infections; 3 rd Group: plants with direct citations on inflammations and infections.
We randomly selected 10 plant species for the first two groups using BioEstat 5. BioEstat 5. Belém, Sociedade Civil de Mamirauá. doand the list of species of Flora do Brasil online floradobrasil. The plants of the 3 rd group were selected based on the Syndromic Importance Value SIV.
The SIV considers the diversity of symptoms cited for each plant, the number of citations attributed by different sources, and the relative importance of each symptom for which the plant was cited Leduc et al. Plants used by the Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee Quebec, Canada for the treatment of diabetes: A novel approach in quantitative ethnobotany.
A new approach to study medicinal plants with tannins and flavonoids contents from the local knowledge. The calculation of the SIV is given by the following formula:. The weight of the indications was attributed based on the degree of association of the indication with the mentioned activities.
For this, a literature search was performed on the signs and symptoms associated with microbial infections. The weights of the indications ranged from 0. The classification of the symptoms for the plants with direct citations, such as anti-inflammatory, was made based on information obtained from the works of Ferreira-Júnior et al.
and Araújo et al. Thumbnail Table 1 Weighted p values attributed to each anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory indication attributed to the plants cited in the free list performed in a rural community located in an area of Caatinga, Pernambuco, Brazil. The plant material was collected in an area of Caatinga, located in the municipality of Altinho Pernambuco, NE Brazil.
The exsiccates of the collected plants were identified by experts and deposited in the herbaria of the Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco IPA.
The plant material parts of plants used medicinally, as indicated in the database was collected from at least three individuals of each species and shade dried at room temperature.
Successive extractions were performed until complete extraction of the plant material. The first one was performed after 48 hours and the others at hour intervals. After this period, the solvent was removed using the rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40 °C. The obtained extract was placed in a desiccator.
The extracts were tested against C. albicans ATCCC. neoformans ATCCand C. gattii ATCC obtained from the Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular da Universidade Federal de Alagoas UFAL. In vitro susceptibility of yeast isolates was performed using broth microdilutions according to the methodology recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute - CLSI in MA3 protocol Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute - CLSI.
CLSI document MA3. Philadelphia, Wayne. An inoculum was prepared by suspension of colonies in saline solution 0. The crude extracts were resuspended in dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in a ratio of The concentration tested ranged from 20 to 0. The microdilution plates containing RPMI RPMI tissue culture medium supplemented with glutamine buffered to pH 7.
Following this, the plates were incubated at 35 °C for h. The positive control was composed of culture medium and yeast, and the negative control contained DMSO in the concentration used to dilute the extracts.
As antifungal control, we used two agents of different classes: Amphotericin B and fluconazole, with the concentrations tested ranging from 16 to 0. Antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to amphotericin B and fluconazole.
and the CLSI manual.
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Z Naturforsch — Zheng WF, Tan RX, Yang L, Liu ZL Two flavones from Artemisia giraldii and their antimicrobial activity. Download references. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, South Preston Street Room Delia Baxter Research Building, Louisville, KY, , USA. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, AMU, Aligarh, , India. Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. The Himalaya Drug Company, Dehradun, Uttranchal, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Farrukh Aqil. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. Biochemistry, Interdiciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. Medical College, Dept. Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. James Graham Brown Cancer Center, S. Preston Street , Louisville, , USA. Reprints and permissions. Aqil, F. et al. Antifungal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds: A Review. In: Ahmad, I. eds Combating Fungal Infections. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Published : 24 June Publisher Name : Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Print ISBN : Online ISBN : eBook Packages : Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences R0. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract The epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of serious mycoses continues to be a public health problem. Keywords Medicinal Plant Antifungal Activity Antifungal Compound Antifungal Protein Bold Number These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. 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J Clin Microbiol — PubMed CAS Google Scholar Jambunathan R, Butler LG, Bandsyopadkyay R, Mughogho K Polyphenol concentrations in grain, leaf and callus tissues of mold-susceptible and mold-resistant sorghum cultivars. Availability: PDF request by e-mail. Mark record. From literature describing medicinal usage of plants by First Nations Peoples in eastern Canada, 18 eastern Canadian plants were selected and tested for their antifungal activities. Eight randomly selected tropical plants were also tested for comparative purposes. Extracts from these plants were tested in disk assays as growth inhibitors of six fungi known to be opportunistic human pathogens Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Of the four plant groups tested, extracts from the popular antimicrobial-remedy group were significantly more effective at inhibiting fungal growth based on both overall antifungal activity and number of fungal species inhibited. |
| Antifungal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds: A Review | SpringerLink | coli MDR and K. pneumonia MDR were 1. Similarly , Thymus schimperi Ronniger was reported to have MICs of 3. In addition, Boswellia ogadensis Vollesen was shown to have MIC values of 3. The MIC values of Boswellia ogadensis Vollesen and Thymus schimperi Ronniger essential oil combination against S. The MBC ranged from 1. Similarly, the combination of essential oil of T. Schimper Ronniger and Blepharis cuspidata Lindau showed significant activity against S. The combined activities of essential oils of B. cuspidata Lindau and B. ogadensis Vollesen showed similar activity against S. These essential oils were shown to have comparable activity to ciprofloxacin Gadisa et al. Habbal et al. demonstrated antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and positive bacterial strains with the highest antibacterial activity against P. Nagarajan et al. inermis L. showed nearly equal zones of inhibition against B. subtitles, S. aurous, and E. Ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Azadiractha indica A. Juss were reported by Maleki et al. to have a wider zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. The extracts had bactericidal activity against both reference and clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa , and bacteriostatic activity against E. faecalis Maleki et al. The degree of bacterial growth inhibition, as determined by values of diameter of inhibition zone IZ of the respective plant extracts, varied among the extracts and microorganisms. The widest inhibition was reported by Bacha et al. cereus ATCC compared to that of gentamycin 29 mm. Wide zones of inhibition were recorded for the petroleum ether extract of stem of Kosteletzkya begonifolia Ulbr. and stem of Leucas marthineensis Jacq. against E. coli , S. typhimurium , S. aeruginosa at all concentrations, comparable to ciprofloxacin Tadesse et al. In another study, acetone extract of Capsicum frutescens L. against ATCC S. aureus at a concentration of 0. Critical appraisal of the studies included was done using the checklist for Good In Vitro Method Practices OECD and the WHO Good Practice for Microbiology Laboratory. Seven main criteria were used to evaluate the validity of methodological and reporting qualities details are in the Materials and Methods section Supplementary Table S1. Under the main checklist there were thirty criteria to evaluate the internal validity of the studies. Studies with unacceptable levels of bias were excluded. However, the studies included still had some weaknesses in reporting the status of microbiology facilities, regular equipment, apparatus maintenance and calibration. In addition, there was lack of clarity as to whether the test methods were validated or not; and there was also lack of evidence as to whether the microbiological tests were performed and supervised by an experienced person qualified in microbiology or equivalent, and whether the opinions and interpretations of test results in reports were done by authorized personnel with suitable experience and relevant knowledge. There was also some methodological weakness. For instance, the number of replicates for each testing condition, including concentration level s used for the reference and control item s , and test items were not specified in some studies. None of the studies reported the applicability domain of the in vitro methods or any limitations or exceptions to the methods. Four studies did not report complete information about the degree of inhibition of bacterial growth and the concentrations by the respective medicinal plants, and one study did not mention the unit of measurement of the zone of inhibition by plant extracts. Seventeen studies that evaluated anti-fungal activities of Ethiopian medicinal plants were included. Sixteen studies were peer reviewed full articles and one was an MSc thesis. Five studies used microdilution assay, two used agar well diffusion method, and twelve used both methods Supplementary Table S2. Medicinal plants claimed to have anti-fungal activities were tested against different fungal species and one species of yeast. These were Candida albicans , Aspergillus species, Trichophyton species, Microscopium species, Penicillium species, Fusarium species, Epidermophyto n species and Rhodotorula rubra. A total of 42 different species of medicinal plants were tested against different fungi, and all of them identified and authenticated by botanists and with voucher numbers. Out of these, four plant species are endemic to Ethiopia Table 2. TABLE 2. Summary of common medicinal plants identified from literature search for anti-fungal activity. The maceration technique was the most frequently used method of extraction for plant extracts, followed by Soxhlet. Steam distillation with Clevenger-type apparatus was used for extraction of essential oils. Hydro-alcohol solvents were the most frequently used solvents for the extraction of plant materials followed by aqueous solvents. Six studies used the agar well diffusion AWD method, six the micro dilution MID method and five both methods. For both experimental methods, the duration of exposure of the microorganisms to the extracts ranged from 2 to 7 days incubation time; and outcomes were measured after this. All the measurements were replicated three times and the results were presented as mean ± SD. The antifungal activity of plant extracts was measured in a similar way as that of the anti-bacterial activity. These were zone of inhibition of fungal growth for the agar well and paper disc diffusion methods and fungal growth which distinguished clear and turbid solutions for the micro-dilution methods, measured after incubation periods. A wide range of concentrations and units of measurement were used across the studies. flavus and C. Albicans, respectively. The ethanol extract had MICs of albicans, respectively with fungicidal activity of The zone of inhibition of the methanol extract against C. albicans and A. flavus were In this study, ethanol and methanol extracts of E. kebericho Mesfin were shown to have comparable activity with ketoconazole Supplementary Table S2. Kasparaviciene et al. evaluated the activity of oleo-gels formulated with different concentrations of thyme essential oil. The MIC value of 0. albicans was 0. In another study, the antifungal activity of T. vulgaris essential oil against dermatophytic fungi was reported by Neetu et al. to have a very strong antifungal activity at low concentrations. The MIC values ranged from 0. The seed extracts of Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague 0. Similarly, the methanol extract of E. kebericho Mesfin exhibited ZI of albicans and flavus Supplementary Table S2. Salazar et al showed that leaf and seed oil extracts of neem tree inhibited the growth of Trichophyton menta, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccos and Microsporumcanis. Whereas Simhadri et al reported that the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica A. leaves had superior activity against T. rubrum, M. gypseum , E. floccosum , and Candida species Viswanathan and Jayachandra, Checklists employed for antibacterial studies were also used in the antifungal studies. There were gaps in methodology as well as in reporting and interpreting the outcomes. Validation of the test methods before conducting the experiments was not reported for all included studies, and eight studies did not report the statistical methods used. There was no evidence that the anti-fungal activity tests were performed or supervised by an experienced person qualified in microbiology or equivalent. Similarly, there was no report on whether the microbiology facilities were fit for purpose or detailed description of the workflow for the microbiology methods and related processes. Furthermore, nine studies did not report the statistical methods used, not expressed an estimate of the uncertainty of the test result on the test report, and limitations of the test were not reported clearly. The purpose of this review was to demonstrate the activities of Ethiopian medicinal plants as antimicrobial agents that might potentially be used for limb care particularly, of tropical lymphoedema and associated wounds. This section discusses the efficacy of plant extracts and their secondary metabolites investigated as antibacterial and antifungal, and the most frequently used models. This systematic review identified a total of 96 articles covering two different experimental models, i. Overall, medicinal plant extracts tested for these two conditions in in vitro were shown to have good activity. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, all plant extracts investigated succeeded in inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth. A summary of plant species whose extracts and their isolated compounds were shown to have significant in vitro activity against bacteria is the focus for our discussion. Chaieb et al. reported the MIC of thymoquinone, constituent of N. sativa L. parahaemolyticus ATCC and E. cereus ATCC , S epidermidis CIP , M. luteus NCIMB , S. aureus ATCC and S. epidermidis CIP in a broth microdilution assay method. Its activity was shown to be similar to the standard drugs gentamycin and erythromycin Chaieb et al. This finding agrees with the report of Kokoska et al. seed against gram-positive bacteria. However, E. coli ATCC , S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC , and P. kebericho Mesfin against S. faecalis and demonstrated significant activity with MIC ranged from 3. coli was found to be resistant. Anwar et al. assessed the antimicrobial activity of latex of Aloe trichosantha A. coli, Salmonella and V. The activities of the test substances could be due to changes to cell wall integrity, enzymatic activity and protein inactivation in the microorganisms Oumer et al. performed anti-bacterial activity tests on Aloe sinana Reynolds and its compounds Microdontin, Aloin and Aloinoside against 21 strains of bacteria using the disk diffusion method. The leaf latex showed high inhibitory activities against B. pumillus 82, B. subtilis ATCC and S. aureus ML , E. coli K99, E. coli K88, E. coli LT37, E. coli , E. coli C, S. enterica TD 01, S. typhi Ty2, S. boydii D, S. dysentery 8, S. flexneri Type 6, S. soneii 1, V. cholerae 85, V. cholerae , V. cholerae 1, and V. Similarly, compounds isolated from Aloe sinana Reynolds were shown to have high activity against E. coli, S. typhi Typ 2, Shigella, S. cholerae , comparable to the reference drug, ciprofloxacin Minale et al. According to Gadisa et al. coli, B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae, respectively. The synergistic effect of these essential oils may be due to synergistic or additive interactions between different classes of compounds such as phenols, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, ethers or hydrocarbons, which might act on the same target or different targets Gadisa et al. This finding is consistent with Nasir et al. Haroun and Al-Kayali, , who postulated that the ability of plant extracts to act synergistically with antibiotics and other plant extracts could be considered a new approach to combat antimicrobial resistance. There is low risk of bacterial resistance in plant extracts and antibiotics combinations, due to the varied modes of action of the compounds present in the extracts, to which the organism had never been exposed before Haroun and Al-Kayali, Antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis L. was also reported against wide range of gram-positives and gram-negatives Annavarapu et al. This could be due to the presence of a compound, 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone. Quinones are the main constituent in the leaves of L. Inermis L. and are known in making complexing irreversibly with nucleophilic amino acids, leading to inactivation of the protein and loss of function in microorganisms. Cell wall adhesions, polypeptides and membrane bound enzymes are the targets in microbial cells Nabila et al. In another anti-microbial study, the leaf and stem bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. exhibited significant antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria due to the tricyclic diterpenoids isolated from stem bark, and azadirachtins, quercetin and β-sitosterol isolated from the leaves Raja et al. Bacha et al tested 18 plant extracts against E. coli K12 DMS , S. aureus DMS , B. cereus ATCC , B. cereus, Lab strain and P. aeruginosa 1, using AWD and MID methods. The highest ZI was recorded with petroleum ether extract of N. Sativa L against B. cereus and B. cereus ATCC ; and mature unripe fruit oil of Aframomum corrorima A. Braun P. Jansen against S. The activities of petroleum ether extract of seed of N. sativa L against both laboratory isolated and reference strain of B. cereus were greater than the activity of gentamycin sulphate. The oil extract of unripe fruit of A. corrorima A. Jansen was shown to have an activity comparable to the reference drug gentamycin sulphate. aeruginosa was the most resistant to all the plant extracts tested in this study Bacha et al. The antimicrobial activities of extracts of A. corrorima , Nigella sativa L. angustifolium Sonn. and V. amygdalina Delile Sch. were due to the presence of phenol, tannin, saponin and flavonoids, flavonoids and terpenoids compounds and their combinations Bacha et al. The antibacterial activity of flavonoids is well documented and found in almost all parts of the plants, which inhibit the energy metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids of different microorganisms Cushnie and Lamb, Furthermore, tannins were reported to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus, acting by inducing complexation with enzyme or substrates and causes toxicity; and altering the membrane of the microbes Akiyama, Many studies have been carried out to screen medicinal plants for their antifungal activity, and various groups of researchers have initiated antifungal programs for traditionally used plants. Classes of compounds from plant metabolites, such as terpenoids isoprenoids , saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, proteins and peptides showed anti-fungal activity against different fungal species Aqil et al. Alcoholic extracts methanol and ethanol of E. kebericho Mesfin were tested by Ameya et al. against A. albicans using disc diffusion and agar dilution methods, and shown to cause significant inhibition at low concentration, comparable to the reference drug ketoconazole. The alcoholic solvents have the ability to extract phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids which may contribute to the antifungal activity of the extracts Gemechu et al. tested the activity of oleo-gels, formulated with different concentrations of thyme essential oil against C. albicans by broth dilution method, which showed significant activity with MIC value of 0. Thymol was reported the major constituent of the thyme essential oil in this study. The biological activity of thyme essential oil depends on its yield and chemical composition, and the essential oils have several chemical names depending on the main constituents they have, such as thymol, carvacrol, terpineol, and linalool Kasparaviciene et al. Similarly, Jain et al. reported the antifungal activity of T. vulgaris essential oil against T. mentagrophytes MTCC , M. gypseum MTCC , M. fulvum MTCC , T. rubrum MTCC , T. soudanense isolate and T. interdigitale isolate using macro-dilution method. vulgaris L. essential oil was shown to have significant activity against the dermatophytes with MIC ranges from 0. These activities could be due to high content of phenolic compounds and potent vapour activity against dermatophytes Soković et al. This finding agrees with the report of Marina et al. essential oil against Alternaria alternata , Fusarium tricinctum , all Aspergillus species and dermatomycetes at concentration of 0. In another study, T. ammi L. Sprague seed extract exhibited potent antifungal efficacy, with a maximum MZ of albicans using the AWD method Gemeda et al. This is in agreement with the finding of Sharifzadeh et al. Sprague essential oil against C. The extracts of A. indica was also shown to have antifungal activity, attributable to the terpenoids. The fractions of A. indica A. Juss have complex mixtures of compounds reported to have synergistic and additive effect of against fungus Salazar et al. The present study showed that plant extracts and compounds traditionally used in Ethiopia are promising anti-infective agents. In this review Calpurnia aurea Aiton Benth. ex Delile , Withania somnifera L. Dunal Achyranthes aspera L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss are the most studied plants species against bacteria, and Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Lawsonia inerms L. against fungal species. Thymoquinone, a constituent of the black seed of Nigella sativa L. are the most effective plant materials against gram negative and gram-positive species. In addition, Azadiractha indica A. have activity against a wide range of gram-negative and positive bacterial strains. Similarly, methanol extract of Echinops kebericho Mesfin and oleo-gels formulated with different concentrations of thyme essential oil are the most effective against different fungal species. This systematic review will provide up-to-date information on Ethiopian medicinal plants used as anti-infective agents that might potentially be used for limb care lymphoedema and associated wounds. This information could lead to the development of more research on the investigation of the effect of medicinal plants on against infection for future therapeutic use. Aqil, Farrukh ; Zahin, Maryam ; Ahmad, Iqbal et al. Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, All Rights are Reserved. in Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. TY - CHAP T1 - Antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts and phytocompounds T2 - A review AU - Aqil, Farrukh AU - Zahin, Maryam AU - Ahmad, Iqbal AU - Owais, Mohd AU - Khan, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad AU - Bansal, Shyam S. AU - Farooq, S. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg PY - Y1 - N2 - The epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of serious mycoses continues to be a public health problem. Aqil F, Zahin M, Ahmad I, Owais M, Khan MSA , Bansal SS et al. In Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy. Wippich C, Wink M Biological properties of alkaloids. Influence of quinolizidine alkaloids and gramine on the germination and development of powderly mildew, Erysiphe graminis f. 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Department of Agricultural Microbiology, AMU, Aligarh, , India. Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. The Himalaya Drug Company, Dehradun, Uttranchal, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Farrukh Aqil. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. Biochemistry, Interdiciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. Medical College, Dept. Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. James Graham Brown Cancer Center, S. Preston Street , Louisville, , USA. Reprints and permissions. Aqil, F. et al. Antifungal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds: A Review. In: Ahmad, I. eds Combating Fungal Infections. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Published : 24 June Publisher Name : Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Print ISBN : Online ISBN : eBook Packages : Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences R0. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract The epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of serious mycoses continues to be a public health problem. Keywords Medicinal Plant Antifungal Activity Antifungal Compound Antifungal Protein Bold Number These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Buying options Chapter EUR eBook EUR Softcover Book EUR Hardcover Book EUR Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Learn about institutional subscriptions. References Abad MJ, Ansuategui M, Bermejo M Active antifungal substances from natural sources. 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Antifungal activity of medicinal plants -
The epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of serious mycoses continues to be a public health problem. The increased use of antifungal agents has resulted in the development of resistance to these drugs.
The spread of multidrug-resistant strains of fungus and the reduced number of drugs available make it necessary to discover new classes of antifungals from natural products including medicinal plants.
Historically, herbs and spices have enjoyed a rich tradition of use for their medicinal properties and provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the huge chemical diversity.
Assays of bioactive compounds have been reported with good antifungal properties in vitro or in vivo. It is almost impossible to discuss the various characteristics of these plants such as mode of action and extraction of active compounds in a single review.
Therefore, we have focussed here mainly on the antifungal plant extracts, their use against pathogeinc and drug resistant fungi. The various classes of compounds such as phenolics, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids, etc.
The new emerging classes of antifungal proteins and peptides are also reviewed briefly. In this chapter, we also describe the technical aspects related to the methodology for screening and identification of antifungal compounds.
The technical aspects regarding the use of reliable methodology of extraction, screening, bioautography, and identification of pure compounds from crude extracts and fractions are also discussed here. This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals SDGs.
N2 - The epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of serious mycoses continues to be a public health problem.
AB - The epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of serious mycoses continues to be a public health problem.
Antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts and phytocompounds: A review. Department of Medicine Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology. Abstract The epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of serious mycoses continues to be a public health problem.
All Science Journal Classification ASJC codes Medicine all Immunology and Microbiology all. UN SDGs This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals SDGs. A new approach to study medicinal plants with tannins and flavonoids contents from the local knowledge.
The calculation of the SIV is given by the following formula:. The weight of the indications was attributed based on the degree of association of the indication with the mentioned activities.
For this, a literature search was performed on the signs and symptoms associated with microbial infections. The weights of the indications ranged from 0. The classification of the symptoms for the plants with direct citations, such as anti-inflammatory, was made based on information obtained from the works of Ferreira-Júnior et al.
and Araújo et al. Thumbnail Table 1 Weighted p values attributed to each anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory indication attributed to the plants cited in the free list performed in a rural community located in an area of Caatinga, Pernambuco, Brazil.
The plant material was collected in an area of Caatinga, located in the municipality of Altinho Pernambuco, NE Brazil. The exsiccates of the collected plants were identified by experts and deposited in the herbaria of the Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco IPA.
The plant material parts of plants used medicinally, as indicated in the database was collected from at least three individuals of each species and shade dried at room temperature. Successive extractions were performed until complete extraction of the plant material.
The first one was performed after 48 hours and the others at hour intervals. After this period, the solvent was removed using the rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40 °C. The obtained extract was placed in a desiccator.
The extracts were tested against C. albicans ATCC , C. neoformans ATCC , and C. gattii ATCC obtained from the Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular da Universidade Federal de Alagoas UFAL.
In vitro susceptibility of yeast isolates was performed using broth microdilutions according to the methodology recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute - CLSI in MA3 protocol Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute - CLSI.
CLSI document MA3. Philadelphia, Wayne. An inoculum was prepared by suspension of colonies in saline solution 0. The crude extracts were resuspended in dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in a ratio of The concentration tested ranged from 20 to 0.
The microdilution plates containing RPMI RPMI tissue culture medium supplemented with glutamine buffered to pH 7. Following this, the plates were incubated at 35 °C for h. The positive control was composed of culture medium and yeast, and the negative control contained DMSO in the concentration used to dilute the extracts.
As antifungal control, we used two agents of different classes: Amphotericin B and fluconazole, with the concentrations tested ranging from 16 to 0. Antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to amphotericin B and fluconazole. and the CLSI manual.
For determining whether the extracts used present fungicidal or fungistatic activity, a small volume 5 μL of each of the wells with no apparent yeast growth were inoculated in YEPD agar medium and incubated at 35 °C for 48 hours. To avoid antifungal carryover, aliquots were deposited as a spot onto the agar plate and allowed to soak.
The result was obtained according to the formation, or not, of colonies at the inoculated site. These were included as control strains in each set of experiments.
Among the 30 plants selected for the three groups of criteria mentioned, only 23 were tested due to difficulties in availability, since the Caatinga environment presents a strong seasonality, which limits the temporal supply of plant material to few months of the year Tab.
Thumbnail Table 2 Plant species selected based on different selection criteria for antifungal evaluation. According to the value of the SIV, eight species were indicated as priority see Tab. The species that were calculated to possess the highest weight were M.
urundeuva and A. Both had a higher frequency of citation and weight of the symptoms compared to those of the other species. Although the number of active extracts did not differ with respect to the selection criteria, it was possible to observe divergence among them with respect to the degree of inhibitory activity and the number of strains susceptible to the extracts.
For example, plants cited as anti-inflammatory and selected by SIV were seen to be more effective against C. neoformans alone. The proportion of active plants has demonstrated the relevance of the ethnodirected approaches to test the in vitro activity of crude vegetal extracts against fungi.
Studies have confirmed that plants which are reported to be used by local populations have higher antimicrobial potential than those which are selected by other approaches, such as random selection.
For example, Svetaz et al. found that the probability of finding plants with anti-fungal properties was higher in those with ethnomedical uses related to fungal infections compared to those that were randomly selected.
The plants used for indications of infections and inflammation showed interesting results against the analyzed fungi. We found that studies have previously selected plants based on these indications and have observed anti-microbial or anti-fungal properties in these plants.
A study implemented in Chile has verified the antifungal action of plants which were used for injuries and associated infections against Penicillium expansum and C.
Among the 40 evaluated species, 30 presented interesting antimicrobial activities, corroborating with their traditional uses Silva et al.
Braga et al. selected plants traditionally used in infectious diseases and inflammation and evaluated their activity against fungi. Among the 24 methanolic extracts obtained from 20 plants, only those of Schinus terebintifolius , O.
gratissimum, Cajanus cajan , and Piper aduncum , with MIC of 1. In contrast, the species Bixa Orellana, O. gratissimum and Syzygium cumini with MIC of 0.
The proportion of species with interesting activities has been lower than that observed in our studies. However, the definition of the criteria has been important in the attempt to reduce efforts and costs with in vitro tests.
From the total number of extracts evaluated 23 , ten extracts showed activity against C. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against C. gattii was verified if the extracts exhibited activity against C.
albicans and C. Of the plants prioritized by the SIV, only five A. occidentale, M. urundeuva, P. pyramidalis, A. colubrina var. cebil, and M.
oftalmocentra presented antifungal effects against all three strains C. albicans, C. neoformans, and C. gattii , with MIC ranging from 0. The extracts that showed strong inhibitory activity were A. occidentale bark extract for C. neoformans , compared to fluconazole, and extracts of M. urundeuva and P.
pyramidalis , compared to amphotericin B, against the same strain Tab. Among the eight randomly selected plants with citations for use in inflammation, extracts of L. ferrea , S. brasiliensis, and P. granatum showed fungicidal action against all strains, with MIC between 0.
The extract from the bark of S. brasiliensis showed strong fungicidal activity for C. neoformans MIC 0. Among the seven medicinal plants randomly selected used in cases without indications of inflammation and infection , only E. pyriformis extract showed fungistatic activity against C.
neoformans MIC of 0. The hydroalcoholic extracts from B. cheilantha and C. tapia were the only ones considered inactive against the three strains Tab. However, for this same selection category, most of the extracts reported were inactive against only C.
albicans Tab. A previous study Cruz et al. Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses. evaluated the activity of Z. joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis valid name: Poincianella pyramidalis , Bumelia sartorum valid name : Sideroxylon obtusifolium , and Hymenaea courbaril , which are plants popularly known for their treatment of mycoses, against C.
guilliermondii, C. neoformans, and Trichophyton rubrum. Of these, only the aqueous extracts obtained from the leaves of C. pyramidalis and from the bark of Z. joazeiro were effective MIC of 6. guilliermondii and T. Similar to our results, Z.
joazeiro showed substantial activity against C. However, no activity was reported against C. albicans and Z. joazeiro presented the best activity in the study carried out by Cruz et al. Finding plants with antifungal potential has not been easy Souza Souza NAB.
Possíveis mecanismos de atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais contra fungos patogênicos. PhD Thesis. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa.
Due to this complexity concerning the bioprospecting of plants with antifungal activity, our data show that the use of direct citations for infections and inflammations may be a good tool in the search of potential antifungal candidates, since medicinal plants without these indications did not present better activity.
The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article and can be solicited by request to the authors. To the members of Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco and to the Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Regional do Cariri URCA for their support.
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil CAPES , Finance Code , with contributions from the INCT Ethnobiology, Bioprospecting, and Nature Conservation certified by CNPq, and financial support from FACEPE Grant number: APQ Open menu Brazil.
Acta Botanica Brasilica. Submission of manuscripts About the journal Editorial Board Instructions to authors Contact. Português Español. Open menu. table of contents « previous current next ».
Text EN Text English. PDF Download PDF English. ABSTRACT Plants have been reported as used by local populations to treat various infections for a long time, which has directed several pharmacological studies.
Introduction One of the great current challenges in the treatment of fungal diseases has been the resistance they have acquired to certain compounds. Materials and methods Data treatment and plant selection Plants were selected from an ethnobotanical survey executed in a rural community located in the municipality of Altinho, Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil Silva et al.
Table 1 Weighted p values attributed to each anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory indication attributed to the plants cited in the free list performed in a rural community located in an area of Caatinga, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Table 2 Plant species selected based on different selection criteria for antifungal evaluation.
Background: Antifungal activity of medicinal plants and lymphatic filariasis are the most medicibal causes Quinoa wraps recipe lower limb lymphoedema in the tropics. Many Selenium headless browser experience frequent painful episodes plxnts acute bacterial mediccinal. Plant based traditional medicines are used to activitu infections in many countries and are culturally established in Ethiopia. Ethiopian medicinal plants found to have antibacterial and antifungal activities were reviewed with the aim of increasing information about the treatment of wound infections in patients with lymphoedema. Methods: This study collates data from published articles on medicinal plants with antibacterial and antifungal activities in Ethiopia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis PRISMA guidelines were followed. Plants have Preventing diabetes-related nerve damage reported as used by local Diabetes and workplace accommodations to treat Antifungal activity of medicinal plants infections for a long time, which has directed several pharmacological studies. Llants main olants of this work was to evaluate medicinla plant selection criteria with better predictive activith to detect extracts with antifungal plant 1 Diabetes and workplace accommodations plants that are not used for indications of infection and inflammation; 2 plants with direct citations for inflammation, except for infection; 3 plants with direct citations for inflammation and infection selected quantitatively by Syndromic Importance Value SIV. We tested the action of 23 hydroethanolic extracts of plants against the fungi Candida albicansCryptococcus neoformans, and Cryptococcus gattii and found no differences in the number of active extracts among the different strategies used, but activity quality varied. The extract of Anacardium occidentale presented fungicidal activity against the three analyzed fungi. At least five species - A. occidentale, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Poincianella pyramidalis, Anadenanthera colubrina var.
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