Citrus aurantium uses -
J Pharm Pharmacol ;— PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Hwa J, Perez DM. The unique nature of the serine interactions for al-adrenergic receptor agonist binding and activation. J Biol Chem ; ll — Brown CM, McGrath JC, Midgley JM, et al. Activities of octopamine and synephrine stereoisomers on alpha-adrenoceptors.
Br J Pharmacol ;— Airriess CN, Rudling JE, Midgley JM, Evans PD. Selective inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by octopamine via ahuman cloned alpha 2A-adrenoreceptor. Br J Pharmacol ;12 2 — Jordan R, Midgley JM, Thonoor CM, Williams CM. Beta-adrenergic activities of octopamine and synephrine stereoisomers on guinea-pig atria and trachea.
J Pharm Pharmacol ;39 9 — Liapakis G, Baiesteros JA, Papachristou S, Chan WC, Chen X, Javitch JA. The forgotten serine: a critical role for Ser in ligand binding to and activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem ; 48 , —, Carpene C, Galitzky J, Fontana E, Atgie C, Lafontan MB.
Selective activation of β 3 -adrenoceptors by octopamine: comparative studies in mammalian fat cells. Arch Pharmacol ; 4 — Article CAS Google Scholar. Huang YT, Wang GF, Chen CF, Chen CC, Hong CY, Yang MCM. Fructus aurantii reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats.
Life Sci ;— Calapai G, Firenzuoli F, Saitta A, et al. Antiobesity and cardiovascular effects of Citrus aurantium extraces in the rat: a preliminary report. Fitoterapia ;— Huang YT, Lin HC, Chang YY, Yang YY, Lee SD, Hong CY. Hemodynamic effects of synephrine treatment in portal hypertensive rats.
Jpn J Pharmacol ;— HofstetterR, Kreuder J, von Bernuth G. The effect of oxedrine on the left ventricle and peripheral vascular resistance. Arzneimittelforschung ; — Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold A, Hon YY, Desai HD, Gurley BJ. Seville sour orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults.
J Clin Pharmacol ;— Colker CM, Kaiman DS, Torina GC, Perlis T, Street C. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. Curr Ther Res ;— Kaddu S, Kerl H, Wolf P.
Accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil. J Am Acad Dermatol ;45 3 — Zaynoun ST, Aftimos BA, Tenekjian KK, Kurban AK.
Berloque dermatitis — a continuing cosmetic problem. Contact Dermatitis ;7 2 : — Chew A, Maibach H. Berloque Dermatitison. eMedicine Makki S, Treffel P, Humbert P, Agache P.
High-performance liquid Chromatographic determination of citropten and bergapten in suction blister fluid after solar product application in humans. J Chromatogr ;— Clark SM, Wilkinson SM. Phototoxic contact dermatitis from 5-methoxypsoralen in aromatherapy oil.
Contact Dermatitis ;— Levine N, Don S, Owens C, Rogers DT, Kligman AM, Forlot P. The effects of bergapten and sunlight on cutaneous pigmentation.
Arch Dermatol ;— Ashwood-Smith MJ, Poulton GA, Barker M, Mildenberger M. Nature ;— Nykamp DL, Fackih MN, Compton AL. Possible association of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction and bitter orange supplement.
Ann Pharmacother ;— Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Galapai C. Adverse reaction to an adrenergic herbal extract Citrus aurantium. Phytomedicine ;12 3 — Jordan S, Murty M, Pilon K. Products containing bitter orange or synephrine: suspected cardiovascular adverse reactions.
Can Adverse React Newsl ; 14 4 :3—4. Date accessed: November 28, Malhotra S, Bailey DG, Paine MF, Watkins PB. Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins.
Clin Pharmacol Ther ;— Di Marco MP, Edwards DJ, Wainer IW, Ducharme MP. The effect of grapefruit juice and Seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut CYP3A4 and p-glycoprotein. Life Sci ;l — Malhotra S, Fitzsimmons ME, Bailey DG, Watkins PB.
Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists abstract , New Orleans, LA, November Hou YC, Hsiu SL, Tsao CW, Wang YH, Chao PD.
Acute intoxication of cyclosporine caused by coadministration of decoctions of the fruits of Citrus aurantium and the Pericaps of Citrus grandis.
Planta Med ;66 7 — Edwards DJ, Fitzsimmons ME, Schuetz EG, et al. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto.
Clin Pharmacol Ther ;76 5 — An essential oil from the dried peel of immature fruits is used as a food flavouring[]. References More on Edible Uses.
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Antianxiety Antibacterial Antiemetic Antifungal Antispasmodic Antitussive Appetizer Aromatherapy Carminative Contraceptive Diaphoretic Digestive Miscellany Sedative Stimulant Stomachic Tonic Vitamin C Citrus species contain a wide range of active ingredients and research is still underway in finding uses for them.
They are rich in vitamin C, flavonoids, acids and volatile oils. They also contain coumarins such as bergapten which sensitizes the skin to sunlight. Bergapten is sometimes added to tanning preparations since it promotes pigmentation in the skin, though it can cause dermatitis or allergic responses in some people[].
Some of the plants more recent applications are as sources of anti-oxidants and chemical exfoliants in specialized cosmetics[]. The plants also contain umbelliferone, which is antifungal, as well as essential oils that are antifungal and antibacterial[].
They also contain the pyrone citrantin, which shows antifertility activity and was once used as a component of contraceptives[]. Both the leaves and the flowers are antispasmodic, digestive and sedative[7, 9].
An infusion is used in the treatment of stomach problems, sluggish digestion etc[9]. The fruit is antiemetic, antitussive, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive and expectorant[]. The immature fruit can be used called Zhi Shi in China or the mature fruit with seeds and endocarp removed called Zhi Ke.
The immature fruit has a stronger action. They are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation, abdominal distension, stuffy sensation in the chest, prolapse of the uterus, rectum and stomach[].
The fruit peel is bitter, digestive and stomachic[7]. The seed and the pericarp are used in the treatment of anorexia, chest pains, colds, coughs etc[]. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. Its keyword is 'Radiance'[]. It is used in treating depression, tension and skin problems[]. References More on Medicinal Uses.
An important new book from PFAF. It focuses on the attributes of plants suitable for food forests, what each can contribute to a food forest ecosystem, including carbon sequestration, and the kinds of foods they yield.
The book suggests that community and small-scale food forests can provide a real alternative to intensive industrialised agriculture, and help to combat the many inter-related environmental crises that threaten the very future of life on Earth.
Read More. Essential Hedge Hedge Miscellany Oil Oil Repellent Rootstock This species is much used as a rootstock for the sweet orange, C.
sinensis, because of its disease resistance and greater hardiness[3, 46, 61]. Grown as a hedging plant in N. A semi-drying oil obtained from the seed is used in soap making[46, 61]. Essential oils obtained from the peel, petals and leaves are used as a food flavouring and also in perfumery and medicines[1, 4, 46, 61, ].
The oil from the flowers is called 'Neroli oil' - yields are very low from this species and so it is often adulterated with inferior oils[7].
The oil from the leaves and young shoots is called 'petit-grain' - kilos of plant material yield about 1 kilo of oil[7]. This is also often adulterated with inferior products[7].
Neroli oil, mixed with vaseline, is used in India as a preventative against leeches[]. Food Forest Hedge Hedge Scented Plants.
References More on Other Uses. Prefers a moderately heavy loam with a generous amount of compost and sand added and a very sunny position[1, ]. Prefers a pH between 5 and 6[]. Tolerates a pH in the range 4. Plants are intolerant of water logging[].
When growing plants in pots, a compost comprising equal quantities of loam and leafmould plus a little charcoal should produce good results[]. Do not use manure since Citrus species dislike it[]. The information presented by TraceGains is for informational purposes only.
It is based on scientific studies human, animal, or in vitro , clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals.
For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Information expires December PeaceHealth endeavors to provide comprehensive health care information, however some topics in this database describe services and procedures not offered by our providers or within our facilities because they do not comply with, nor are they condoned by, the ethics policies of our organization.
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Home Health Information Library Bitter Orange. Bitter Orange. Uses Botanical names: Citrus X Aurantium. What Are Star Ratings? This supplement has been used in connection with the following health conditions: Used for Why 2 Stars. Bitter orange has traditionally been used as a digestive aid. Bitter orange has a history of use as a calming agent and to counteract insomnia.
An amount providing not more than 70 mg of synephrine alone, or not more than 40 mg of synephrine in combination with up to mg of caffeine. Bitter orange contains synephrine, which might promote weight loss.
Traditional Use May Not Be Supported by Scientific Studies Bitter orange is used similarly in a wide variety of traditions. How It Works Botanical names: Citrus X Aurantium.
How It Works Bitter orange has a complex chemical makeup, though it is perhaps most known for the volatile oil in the peel. How to Use It Usually 1 to 2 grams of dried peel is simmered for 10 to 15 minutes in a cup of water; three cups are drunk daily. Interactions Botanical names: Citrus X Aurantium.
Interactions with Medicines As of the last update, we found no reported interactions between this supplement and medicines. It is possible that unknown interactions exist.
If you take medication, always discuss the potential risks and benefits of adding a new supplement with your doctor or pharmacist. The Drug-Nutrient Interactions table may not include every possible interaction.
Taking medicines with meals, on an empty stomach, or with alcohol may influence their effects. If you take medications, always discuss the potential risks and benefits of adding a supplement with your doctor or pharmacist.
Side Effects Botanical names: Citrus X Aurantium. Side Effects Bitter orange oil may possibly cause light sensitivity photosensitivity , especially in fair-skinned individuals. Related Information. Bitter Orange for Weight Control. References 1. Next Section: How It Works ». Previous Section: « Uses.
Next Section: Interactions ». Previous Section: « How It Works. Next Section: Side Effects ». Previous Section: « Interactions. Next Section: Related Information ». Previous Section: « Side Effects.
Bitter orange Citrus Citruusalso known Citrus aurantium uses Cirtus orange and Seville orange, ahrantium a Citrus aurantium uses fruit with a multitude auratium uses. This Lower cholesterol naturally covers all Citrus aurantium uses need to know ayrantium bitter orange, including aufantium role in weight loss and skin health, as Aurzntium as its overall safety as a supplement. The bitter orange plant thrives in subtropical regions but can withstand adverse environmental conditions like frost for short periods 2. Oval or oblong in shape, the fruit is red-orange when ripe and has a distinctively thick, dimpled skin. There are 23 cultivars of the fruit, the most prominent of which is Bergamot. You can expect some varieties to be more bitter than others. Bitter orange contains several potent plant compounds that are sometimes extracted from the dried peel to make dietary supplements. Bitter Orange Citrus aurantium uses shi, 枳实also auranhium as Immature Orange Nurturing heart strengthCitrus Ciitrus Anti-cancer fundraisers, Polyphenols and anti-aging Orange or Citrud Orange Citrus aurantium uses, is a sour citrus Anti-cancer fundraisers that is a common main ingredient in Orange Marmalade. Native to Aurahtium Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, and Southeast Asia, Bitter Orange is one of the most tart and pungent citrus fruits in the world. During the Middle Ages, Bitter Orange became a favourite in the Middle East and was highly respected by Arabian physicians. During the 16th Century, it was said that an Italian princess named Anna-Marie de Nerola extracted oil from the flowers of this plant to scent her gloves. Till today, this floral oil is still used in perfumes and essential oils.Citrus aurantium uses -
The immature fruit can be used called Zhi Shi in China or the mature fruit with seeds and endocarp removed called Zhi Ke. The immature fruit has a stronger action. They are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation, abdominal distension, stuffy sensation in the chest, prolapse of the uterus, rectum and stomach[].
The fruit peel is bitter, digestive and stomachic[7]. The seed and the pericarp are used in the treatment of anorexia, chest pains, colds, coughs etc[]. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. Its keyword is 'Radiance'[]. It is used in treating depression, tension and skin problems[].
References More on Medicinal Uses. An important new book from PFAF. It focuses on the attributes of plants suitable for food forests, what each can contribute to a food forest ecosystem, including carbon sequestration, and the kinds of foods they yield.
The book suggests that community and small-scale food forests can provide a real alternative to intensive industrialised agriculture, and help to combat the many inter-related environmental crises that threaten the very future of life on Earth.
Read More. Essential Hedge Hedge Miscellany Oil Oil Repellent Rootstock This species is much used as a rootstock for the sweet orange, C. sinensis, because of its disease resistance and greater hardiness[3, 46, 61]. Grown as a hedging plant in N. A semi-drying oil obtained from the seed is used in soap making[46, 61].
Essential oils obtained from the peel, petals and leaves are used as a food flavouring and also in perfumery and medicines[1, 4, 46, 61, ]. The oil from the flowers is called 'Neroli oil' - yields are very low from this species and so it is often adulterated with inferior oils[7].
The oil from the leaves and young shoots is called 'petit-grain' - kilos of plant material yield about 1 kilo of oil[7]. This is also often adulterated with inferior products[7]. Neroli oil, mixed with vaseline, is used in India as a preventative against leeches[].
Food Forest Hedge Hedge Scented Plants. References More on Other Uses. Prefers a moderately heavy loam with a generous amount of compost and sand added and a very sunny position[1, ].
Prefers a pH between 5 and 6[]. Tolerates a pH in the range 4. Plants are intolerant of water logging[]. When growing plants in pots, a compost comprising equal quantities of loam and leafmould plus a little charcoal should produce good results[].
Do not use manure since Citrus species dislike it[]. When watering pot plants it is important to neither overwater or underwater since the plant will soon complain by turning yellow and dying.
Water only when the compost is almost dry, but do not allow it to become completely dry[]. Dormant plants can withstand temperatures down to about -6°c so long as this is preceded by cool weather in order to harden off the plant[]. The young growth in spring, even on mature plants, is frost-tender and so it is best to grow the plants in a position sheltered from the early morning sun[K].
A tree grown outdoors on the coast at Salcombe in Devon lived for over years[]. The bitter orange is often grown for its edible fruit in warm temperate and tropical zones, there are many named varieties[]. In Britain it can be grown in a pot that is placed outdoors in the summer and brought into a greenhouse during the winter[3, ].
Plants dislike root disturbance and so should be placed into their permanent positions when young. If growing them in pots, great care must be exercised when potting them on into larger containers[]. References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information.
Celsius Fahrenheit:. Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants , Edible Perennials , Edible Trees , and Woodland Gardening. Our new book to be released soon is Edible Shrubs. The seed is best sown in a greenhouse as soon as it ripe after thoroughly rinsing it[, ].
Sow stored seed in March in a greenhouse[3]. Germination usually takes place within 2 - 3 weeks at 13°c. Seedlings are liable to damp off so they must be watered with care and kept well ventilated. The seed is usually polyembrionic, two or more seedlings arise from each seed and they are genetically identical to the parent but they do not usually carry any virus that might be present in the parent plant[].
When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least three growing seasons before trying them outdoors. Plant them out in the summer and give them some protection from the cold for their first few winters outdoors.
Layering in October. Search over plants ideal for food forests and permaculture gardens. Filter to search native plants to your area. Native Plant Search. Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :.
Author L. For a list of references used on this page please go here. What is here is good but there is no mention of the use of this plant as a slimming aid, which is very topical just now.
There is a need for an unbiased source of info about this. Is this when they ripen in Southern europe? Can they not be grown in a range of regions with a range of ripening dates?
Or are they just not imported here except in the main season? If you have important information about this plant that may help other users please add a comment or link below. Only comments or links that are felt to be directly relevant to a plant will be included. One study demonstrated that, when applied topically, Bitter Orange can reduce fungal growth by A definite bonus is that there are very few noted negative side effects when applying Bitter Orange externally, which makes it a low-risk treatment option.
The herb can also promote skin health. As Bitter Orange is incredibly sour, few individuals choose to consume it raw. Many prepare it into Bitter Orange Marmalade that can be enjoyed over toast, crackers, cheese, pork chops or chicken.
In Mexico, a common way to prepare it is to cut the orange in half, salt it, and then coat it with hot chili paste before eating it. In Spain, Bitter orange juice is used to flavour fish and meat.
On the other hand, in Yucatan, Bitter Orange is used like vinegar. Egyptians even ferment Bitter Orange to make wine. Bitter orange oil is also used all over the world to flavor liqueur, chewing gum, ice cream, gelatin, and candy. Bitter Orange is also available in various forms of Bitter Orange Supplements, such as Bitter Orange powder.
Alternatively, instead of consuming it, you can apply Bitter Orange oil on your skin topically. Bitter Orange oil can be purchased over the counter from herbal stores and Asian markets. Do note that the medicinal actions of the herb will become mild if it is stir-baked. Bitter Orange should be used with caution by individuals experiencing pregnancy, Qi Deficiency or Cold in the Stomach.
Also, Bitter Orange contains Synephrine, which raises blood pressure levels. Thus, individuals with high blood pressure should avoid consuming Bitter Orange too. As Synephrine is a stimulant, some common side effects associated with it include jitters, headache, increased heart rate and higher sensitivity to the sun.
There are also reports of Bitter Orange resulting in migraine , fainting, heart attack and stroke. In addition, some individuals have allergies to citrus fruits like Bitter Orange, which may involve cross-reactivity with pollen and other plants.
Symptoms of such allergies may include vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhea. If you have a known allergy to citrus fruits, it is best to avoid Bitter Orange.
Karthikeyan, V. Citrus aurantium bitter orange : A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. International journal of drug discovery and herbal research , 4 4 , Rasmussen, C. Dietary supplements and hypertension: potential benefits and precautions.
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension , 14 7 , Suryawanshi, J. An overview of Citrus aurantium used in treatment of various diseases. African Journal of Plant Science , 5 7 , Ulbricht, C. An evidence-based systematic review of bitter orange Citrus aurantium by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration.
Journal of dietary supplements , 10 4 ,
We Citrus aurantium uses on donations from users Citrhs our database of over edible Citrua Wisdom tooth extraction plants to keep making it available aurantiun of charge and to further extend and improve it. In recent months donations are down, and we are spending more than we receive. Please give what you can to keep PFAF properly funded. UK Hardiness Map US Hardiness Map. Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Hedge; South Wall. West Wall.
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