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Dr. James Hoffmann on Athlete Testing and MonitoringBone health monitoring in athletes -
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J Adolesc Health. Download references. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK. Mark J. Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Mark J. Original idea: MH; Development and formulation of concept: MH, EO, KB-W, RB; Draft: MH; Critical revision: MH, EO, KB-W, CS, RB.
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Hutson, M. et al. Effects of Low Energy Availability on Bone Health in Endurance Athletes and High-Impact Exercise as A Potential Countermeasure: A Narrative Review. Osteoporos Int ; 26 1 : Leslie WD, Krieg MA, Hans D, Manitoba Bone Density P.
Clinical factors associated with trabecular bone score. Pothuaud L. Barthe N, Krieg MA, Mehsen N, Carceller P, Hans D. Evaluation of the Potential Use of Trabecular Bone Score to Complement Bone Mineral Density in the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis: A Preliminary Spine BMD—Matched, Case-Control Study.
J Clin Densitom ; 12 2 : Tenforde AS, Carlson JL, Sainani KL et al. Lower trabecular bone score and spine bone mineral density are associated with bone stress injuries and triad risk factors in collegiate athletes.
Vlachopoulos D, Barker AR, Ubago-Guisado E, et al. Longitudinal adaptations of bone mass, geometry, and metabolism in adolescent male athletes: the PRO-BONE study. J Bone Miner Resn; 32 11 : — A 9-month jumping intervention to improve bone geometry in adolescent male athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc ; 50 12 : Warzecha M, Czerwiński E, Amarowicz J, Berwecka M.
Trabecular Bone Score TBS in Clinical Practice - Rewiev. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. Winzenrieth R, Dufour R, Pothuaud L, Hans D.
A Retrospective Case—Control Study Assessing the Role of Trabecular BoneScore in Postmenopausal Caucasian Women with Osteopenia: Analyzing the Odds of Vertebral Fracture. Calcif Tissue Int ; In addition to measurement of vBMD, pQCT can measure cortical thickness, cortical density, and trabecular density from cross-sectional images generated.
In a cross-sectional study of competitive female athletes using pQCT, Nikander et al. demonstrated that, compared to athletes participating in low impact sports or those in a control group, athletes in high-impact sports had enhanced bone geometry of the tibia evidenced by a thicker cortex at the distal tibia and a greater cross-sectional area of the tibial shaft [ 35 ].
A study of Finnish girls aged 10—13 years using pQCT showed that girls who sustained upper limb fractures during puberty had low vBMD of the distal radius at age 10—13 that persisted into adulthood, confirming prior DXA studies regarding the relationship between BMD and fracture risk in children [ 36 ].
High resolution pQCT HR-pQCT measures small regions of the distal tibia and radius and can evaluate bone microstructure cortical thickness, trabecular number, thickness, and separation , as seen in Fig. It can also be used to estimate bone strength.
In postmenopausal women, use of HR-pQCT was better able to predict fragility fractures than measures of BMD performed by DXA [ 37 ].
In adolescents, HR-pQCT has been successfully used to assess bone microstructure while avoiding irradiation of the active growth plate [ 38 ]. Finite element analysis, FEA, is a computer-based modeling technique used to reconstruct three-dimensional images of the bone in order to estimate bone strength by calculating the predicted load necessary to fracture the bone.
Studies using HR-pQCT-based FEA have shown that estimation of bone strength using FEA can enhance prediction of wrist fractures in postmenopausal women [ 39 ]. Use of HR-pQCT, while still limited to research, shows great promise for clinical use and has the potential to better predict fracture risk than DXA.
Unfortunately HR-pQCT machines are only found in a select few bone research centers. A summary of the advantages and limitations of different imaging modalities is shown in Table 5. Melissa Putman and Dr. Catherine Gordon] Table 5. There is no exposure to ionizing radiation but MRI scans are more expensive than DXA scans.
MRI is not routinely used as a method of assessment of bone health but is frequently used to evaluate injuries. Quantitative Ultrasound Quantitative ultrasound is a noninvasive method of assessing bone health by measuring speed of sound of an ultrasound wave as it is propagated along the surface of bone.
Ultrasound measures can be obtained on the calcaneus, tibia, and radius. The machine is easily portable and the test is relatively inexpensive and does not utilize radiation.
However, initial enthusiasm for this method has been tempered by poor reliability of measurements, lack of pediatric reference databases, and uncertainty about what skeletal properties are captured by this assessment tool. Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism Measurement of markers of bone formation and degradation offers an opportunity to assess dynamic changes in bone turnover before these changes become apparent using traditional methods of assessment of BMD or BMC.
Osteocalcin OC and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase BSAP are serum markers of bone formation that are released at different stages of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
By Anna Boniface AnnaBoniface. Low energy athlefes LEA from monitorijg energy intake to fuel training demands and daily physiological processes has a negative impact to multiple systems in Bone health monitoring in athletes body Mountjoy et Blne, Bone health monitoring in athletes Adverse effects to bone health are a consequence of LEA. An athlete presenting with a bony stress injury BSI to a health care professional is often the precursor to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport RED-S. Naturally, an athlete with a significant injury will require cessation in training for bone healing. This offers a window of opportunity to correct the LEA and other health consequences that coincide.
Bone atlhetes is athleets key area mobitoring development in the wellbeing of young athletes and is crucial for their safe training and hea,th career progression. Bone health monitoring in athletes mineral density Monitoging is Hydration and recovery drinks for athletes used as the main heaalth marker for bone health, and usually peaks in early adulthood when many athletes are reaching the heights of their athletic potential 1. Ensuring young athletes reach their sporting goals without impacting their bone health can be a difficult challenge. PBM is a major predictor of long-term fracture risk osteoporotic fractures 2. Once athletes pass this phase, BMD declines over time, so it is crucial that an appropriate PBM is reached for long-term bone health.
Seiner erreichte noch nicht.
Es ist schade, dass ich mich jetzt nicht aussprechen kann - es gibt keine freie Zeit. Aber ich werde befreit werden - unbedingt werde ich schreiben dass ich denke.
So kommt es vor. Geben Sie wir werden diese Frage besprechen.