The bloating, cramps and abdominal pain that people with IBS experience may be due to gut dysbiosis. This is because the microbes produce a lot of gas and other chemicals, which contribute to the symptoms of intestinal discomfort Certain Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli , which are found in probiotics and yogurt, can help seal gaps between intestinal cells and prevent leaky gut syndrome.

These species can also prevent disease-causing bacteria from sticking to the intestinal wall 29 , In fact, taking certain probiotics that contain Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli can reduce symptoms of IBS A healthy gut microbiome controls gut health by communicating with the intestinal cells, digesting certain foods and preventing disease-causing bacteria from sticking to the intestinal walls.

Interestingly, the gut microbiome may even affect heart health Certain unhealthy species in the gut microbiome may also contribute to heart disease by producing trimethylamine N-oxide TMAO.

TMAO is a chemical that contributes to blocked arteries, which may lead to heart attacks or stroke. Certain bacteria within the microbiome convert choline and L-carnitine, both of which are nutrients found in red meat and other animal-based food sources, to TMAO, potentially increasing risk factors for heart disease 34 , 35 , However, other bacteria within the gut microbiome, particularly Lactobacilli , may help reduce cholesterol when taken as a probiotic Certain bacteria within the gut microbiome can produce chemicals that may block arteries and lead to heart disease.

However, probiotics may help lower cholesterol and the risk of heart disease. The gut microbiome also may help control blood sugar, which could affect the risk of type 1 and 2 diabetes.

One recent study examined 33 infants who had a genetically high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. It found that the diversity of the microbiome dropped suddenly before the onset of type 1 diabetes. It also found that levels of a number of unhealthy bacterial species increased just before the onset of type 1 diabetes Another study found that even when people ate the exact same foods, their blood sugar could vary greatly.

This may be due to the types of bacteria in their guts The gut microbiome plays a role in controlling blood sugar and may also affect the onset of type 1 diabetes in children. First, certain species of bacteria can help produce chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters.

Therefore, the gut microbiome may also affect brain health by helping control the messages that are sent to the brain through these nerves 42 , A number of studies have shown that people with various psychological disorders have different species of bacteria in their guts, compared to healthy people.

This suggests that the gut microbiome may affect brain health 44 , A small number of studies have also shown that certain probiotics can improve symptoms of depression and other mental health disorders 46 , The gut microbiome may affect brain health by producing brain chemicals and communicating with nerves that connect to the brain.

There are many ways to improve your gut microbiome , including:. Eating a wide variety of high-fiber and fermented foods supports a healthy microbiome. Taking probiotics and limiting antibiotics can also be beneficial. The gut microbiome plays a very important role in your health by helping control digestion and benefiting your immune system and many other aspects of health.

An imbalance of unhealthy and healthy microbes in the intestines may contribute to weight gain, high blood sugar, high cholesterol and other disorders.

To help support the growth of healthy microbes in your gut, eat a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fermented foods. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Your gut bacteria play several important roles in your health. Here's how your gut bacteria can influence your weight. Are probiotics good for your digestive health? We explain the connection, plus the benefits and risks to these healthy bacteria. Gut health and diet Your gut bacteria are influenced by what you eat.

Eat a high fibre diet Fibre is important for our gut health for many reasons. Foods that are high in fibre include: vegetables beans and legumes fruit bread and cereals nuts and seeds.

They are found in some types of: vegetables — for example leek, onion and garlic legumes — for example chickpeas, beans and lentils wholegrains — for example rye bread, barley and oats nuts — for example pistachios, cashews and almonds.

Aim to eat at least 30 different types of plant-based foods a week. Limit ultra-processed foods Eat foods that are as close to their natural state as possible to support your gut health. Drink water Water is the best fluid to drink and provides benefits to gut health.

Drinking plenty of water may also be linked to increased diversity of bacteria in the gut. Eat foods rich in polyphenols Polyphenols are plant compounds that may beneficially impact our gut microbiome. Foods rich in polyphenols include: herbs and spices colourful fruits and vegetables nuts and seeds green and black tea coffee cocoa and dark chocolate.

Eat slowly Chewing your food thoroughly and eating slowly may reduce digestive discomfort such as gas, pain and bloating. Eat fermented foods Fermented foods External Link have undergone a process in which their sugars are broken down by yeast and bacteria.

Fermented foods include: yoghurt kimchi sauerkraut kefir kombucha tempeh. Gut health and breastfeeding Breastfeeding helps an infant develop a healthy gut microbiome, which may help protect against certain health conditions later in life.

Gut health and exercise Regular cardiovascular exercise such as walking and cycling can stimulate the muscles of the gut to move digestive contents through the body. Exercise can also positively affect the gut microbiome.

Gut health and stress Stress can impact your gut health. What you eat, your gut health and your mental health are all linked.

Gut health and sleep Not getting enough or sufficient quality of sleep may impact your gut microbiome and may contribute to digestive discomfort. Gut health and probiotic supplements It is best to improve your gut health through food and other lifestyle factors rather than supplements.

Gut health and antibiotics While antibiotics can be very important and useful, they can also have a negative impact on your gut microbiome. Myths about gut health There are no miracle cures for good gut health.

Where to get help Your GP doctor A dietitian Dietitians Australia External Link Food and Mood Centre, Deakin University External Link The Gut Foundation External Link. Resources External Link , Food and Mood Centre, Deakin University. Blog External Link , Food and Mood Centre, Deakin University.

How to improve your gut health External Link , Vic Health. What you need to know about gut health External Link , Deakin University. Understanding gut health: Signs of an unhealthy gut and what to do about it External Link , Healthline.

How your gut health affects your whole body External Link , WebMD. Your digestive system: 5 ways to support gut health External Link , Johns Hopkins Medicine.

Fermented foods External Link , ISAPP. Is my gut healthy? External Link , The gut health doctor. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Yes No. View all healthy eating. Related information. Content disclaimer Content on this website is provided for information purposes only.

But probiotics are those good gut bacteria. When purchasing these foods at your local market or grocery, the key is to make sure you buy them from the refrigerated section. Heat kills many types of bacteria—both bad and good—so most probiotic foods are refrigerated.

You'll also want to read the ingredients labels to ensure that you choose a brand that includes live active cultures. When asked about supplements, Williams explains that while they may not harm, the research is inconclusive about their effectiveness.

Williams recommends eating probiotic foods daily or even multiple times a day. Including these powerful probiotic foods in your diet can help to improve your gut health quickly.

Plain nonfat Greek yogurt is a powerhouse for gut-healthy probiotics and protein that support the immune system. Try pairing probiotic-rich yogurt with prebiotic-filled oats and fruit for a delicious, gut-health power meal.

Read the ingredient label to ensure that the yogurt you choose isn't also full of added sugar. A staple in Korean cuisine, kimchi is a spicy, fermented cabbage dish filled with probiotics to promote a healthy gut.

In addition to its gut health properties , kimchi is made with cruciferous vegetables that contain nutrients with powerful antioxidant properties that may help prevent some types of cancer. Kefir is a dairy-based drink that often contains more probiotics and protein than regular yogurt.

A review article published in Frontiers in Nutrition indicates that consuming kefir may help improve your gut microbiome by reducing inflammation and gut permeability.

Additionally, research, such as a study in PharmaNutrition , suggests that kefir may help reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease. As with yogurt, check the ingredients label to limit added sugar. Our 3-Ingredient Overnight Berry Muesli is the perfect breakfast for your busy mornings.

Kombucha is a fermented, fizzy tea drink that may contain fruit juice, spices or other flavors. It's loaded with probiotics and may be one of the easiest ways to boost probiotic intake each day since there are so many flavors to pour and sip.

A study published in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition showed that consuming kombucha can help protect against comorbidities associated with obesity, such as high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes. A staple in German cuisine, sauerkraut is a pickled cabbage dish similar to kimchi.

To get the healthy probiotics, avoid sauerkraut that's been pasteurized and is sitting on a grocery shelf at room temperature. Purchase sauerkraut in the refrigerated section and read the labels to ensure it includes active, live cultures for gut-health benefits.

Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food made from compressing fermented soybeans into a cake-like form. It is both a probiotic due to the fermentation and a prebiotic due to the soybeans , making tempeh one of the most important foods you can include to stimulate probiotic bacteria growth in the gut.

Prebiotics are types of fiber that are not digested in the small intestine and instead travel to the colon, where they are fermented to provide "food" for gut-healthy probiotics. Williams shares, "The good bacteria, or probiotics, need food to live on. Think of prebiotics as food for the probiotics.

In addition to their gut-health benefits, fiber-rich foods offer a wide range of health benefits: they keep you full longer, help reduce your risk for certain cancers, prevent blood sugar spikes, lower cholesterol and improve your heart health.

The easiest way to get enough prebiotics into your diet is by eating plenty of vegetables and fruit. So if you are getting your five servings of vegetables and fruits every day, you are probably doing OK with prebiotics," says Williams. Artichokes are an excellent source of inulin, a type of fiber that acts as a prebiotic.

Additionally, artichokes provide other benefits , such as improving bone health, protecting your brain and supporting your blood pressure. Dragon fruit isn't just a beautiful, brightly colored fruit but also provides health benefits , including gut-related ones.

It is important to give them the right fuel to have a balanced gut microbiome. The best way to maintain a healthy microbiome is to eat a range of fresh, wholefoods, mainly from plant sources like fruits, vegetables, legumes, beans, nuts and wholegrains.

Fibre is important for our gut health for many reasons. Fibre can affect the function of our gut, for example, the digestion and absorption of nutrients, how quickly or slowly things move through and the quality of our stools. The breakdown of fibre by our gut bacteria can also create important products which can influence the development of gastrointestinal conditions such as bowel cancer.

Fibre has other benefits to our health apart from the gut, for example, reducing our risk of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Fibre is only found in foods that come from a plant. Australian adult women should be aiming to eat at least 25g of fibre a day, and men 30g.

Prebiotic fibres, which are not found in all high fibre foods, may be especially helpful for our gut microbiome, as they can act as a fertiliser for the healthy bacteria in our gut.

The diversity of food on your plate can help lead to a more diverse microbiome, which is an indicator of a healthy gut microbiome. While almost all foods have had some kind of processing , it is best to eat foods that are minimally processed. These foods retain their nutritional value and do not usually have added sugar , salt , unhealthy fats or additives such as emulsifiers and artificial sweeteners, all of which may impact your gut health.

Unprocessed foods include fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, unflavoured dairy , eggs, seafood, poultry and lean red meat. Ultra-processed foods include deli meats such as ham and salami, many breakfast cereals, ready-made meals, sweet desserts and many packaged snacks such as chips.

Water is the best fluid to drink and provides benefits to gut health. Water assists with the breakdown of food, so that your body can absorb nutrients.

Water also assists with softening stools, helping prevent constipation. Chewing your food thoroughly and eating slowly may reduce digestive discomfort such as gas, pain and bloating. Fermented foods External Link have undergone a process in which their sugars are broken down by yeast and bacteria.

While research into fermented foods is limited, the bacteria found in some fermented foods have been linked with digestive health and other benefits. Breastfeeding helps an infant develop a healthy gut microbiome, which may help protect against certain health conditions later in life.

Regular cardiovascular exercise such as walking and cycling can stimulate the muscles of the gut to move digestive contents through the body. Stress can impact your gut health. Manage your stress levels by exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, socialising, using relaxation techniques and eating well.

Not getting enough or sufficient quality of sleep may impact your gut microbiome and may contribute to digestive discomfort.

It is best to improve your gut health through food and other lifestyle factors rather than supplements. There are many nutrients in wholefoods that cannot be packaged into a single supplement. Nutrients in foods also interact with each other in a helpful way and this cannot be replicated in a pill.

Many people are interested in taking probiotic supplements. In some cases, there is research to support taking a probiotic, however just like medications, you need to take a specific probiotic for the health condition you are trying to manage.

While antibiotics can be very important and useful, they can also have a negative impact on your gut microbiome.

Antibiotics aim to kill the harmful bacteria when you have an infection or illness, but in doing so they can remove some of the beneficial bacteria in your gut.

Research into gut health is relatively new and understanding of this complex topic is developing. Be careful of non-evidence-based information about gut health. Focusing on eating healthily with the tips suggested on this page is the best evidence we have so far. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:.

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional.

The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website.

Smoking affects gut health as well as the health of the heart and lungs. It also greatly increases the risk of cancer. A review of research published over a year period found that smoking alters the intestinal flora by increasing potentially harmful microorganisms and decreasing the levels of beneficial ones.

These effects may increase the risk of intestinal and systemic conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease IBD. Studies have demonstrated a significant difference between the gut microbiomes of vegetarians and those of people who eat meat. For example, in one small study , people with obesity followed a strict vegetarian diet that eliminated all animal products, including meat, dairy, and eggs, for 1 month.

At the end of the study, the participants had lower levels of gut inflammation due to the altered types of gut microbes. They had also lost weight.

By making appropriate lifestyle and dietary changes, people can alter the diversity and number of microbes in their gut for the better.

Positive changes a person can make include taking probiotics, following a fiber-rich vegetarian diet, and avoiding the unnecessary use of antibiotics and disinfectants. Other simple lifestyle changes a person can make include getting enough sleep and exercising regularly.

However, a person should talk to their doctor before making any drastic changes to their diet. This is because for some people, such as those with irritable bowel syndrome or other medical conditions, probiotics and fiber-rich or vegetarian diets may not be helpful.

The gut microbiome affects many aspects of human health, and the foods people eat can have a huge impact on the bacteria in their gut. Learn about the…. Probiotics foods contain live, healthful bacteria that may help promote better gut health.

In this article, we list the best probiotic foods and ways…. The microbiome diet aims to promote good bacteria in the gut. Learn if it works, foods to eat, foods to avoid, and the pros and cons.

The tens of trillions of microbes that live in the gut have some important implications for health, but do you know what they are? We investigate. Probiotics may benefit overall health as well as gut function.

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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Medically reviewed by Cynthia Taylor Chavoustie, MPAS, PA-C — By Jayne Leonard on May 28, Probiotics and fermented foods Prebiotic fiber Eat less sugar Reduce stress Avoid taking antibiotics Exercise Sleep Avoid disinfectants Quit smoking Vegetarian diet Summary.

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You may notice these symptoms affecting your quality of life. The breakdown of nutrients continues in the stomach, and most of your nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. When should you see a doctor about gut issues?

If your bowel habits have been abnormal for a few weeks to a month, talk to your doctor. Patients undergoing cancer treatment should always tell their care team when they notice bowel changes or are experiencing rapid weight loss or gain.

Healthy bacteria already exist in your gut. But you have control over creating the environment for it to grow. Request an appointment at MD Anderson online or by calling My Chart.

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