Tart cherry juice for digestive disorders -
Many people take OTC Melatonin pills to help with sleep. The tryptophan could help you sleep longer, especially when ingested consistently. With sleep troubles on the rise, tart cherry juice may be a great natural alternative to sleep supplements.
Anti-inflammatory compounds like anthocyanins can protect our cells against damage, which otherwise can lead to issues like heart disease and poor cardiovascular health.
There is also some research that shows tart cherry juice might help with gout , a form of painful arthritis that often impacts the big toe. This study showed promise in reducing flare-ups and there are more current studies in progress.
The thought is that tart cherries have an impact on reducing levels of uric acid. Most of the studies have been done around osteoarthritis, where the cartilage of the joint lining thins, and more research is needed to confirm how beneficial exposure may be.
A small study done by Northumbria University in New Castle on hypertensive men saw promising results with reduction in high blood pressure, a change effected by drinking Montmorency cherry juice concentrate that was equivalent to that of taking medication.
Tart cherry juice is relatively safe for most, but it contains a high amount of sorbitol natural sugar alcohol also found in prunes and berries — this may also cause frequent bloating and gas , and diarrhea in some cases, if too much is consumed.
should be conscious if this is causing gastrointestinal issues. While Mazur says that a 16oz glass of tart cherry juice daily should be safe for most individuals, discussing an appropriate portion size with your healthcare provider is crucial if you have any preexisting gastrointestinal conditions.
Those who live with type 1 or type 2 diabetes should also consult with their doctor prior to consuming tart cherry juice, as the fruit byproduct is high in sugar, though considered low-glycemic by most experts.
Samantha is a freelance writer who covers health, wellness, food, and more. Her work has appeared in Good Housekeeping , Real Simple , AARP, WebMD, and other national publications. The Best Multivitamins for Women.
Good Housekeeping Dietary Supplements Methodology. Top Health Benefits of Coconut Water. Get Cooking With Celebrity Chef Jason Roberts. The Surprising Health Benefits of Black Rice. Popeye: Our Newest GH Nutritionist Approved Member. We hypothesized that the polyphenols in the MTC products would influence the gut microbiome composition, which would modulate changes in inflammatory markers and glucose regulation.
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Ohio University IRB F and written informed consent was obtained from each respondent prior to entering the study. Inclusion criteria included being aged 18—50 years, not pregnant, not diabetic, with no unresolved infections or diseases diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory or autoimmune disease , and non-smokers.
Participants were also free from prescribed anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid use for at least 2 months and had not taken antibiotics within the last year. See Figure 1 for the CONSORT diagram of recruitment and retention and Table 1 for participant demographics. This study was a double-blind randomized control study.
Participants completed five total visits for this study. The first visit was to obtain informed consent and explain the procedures thoroughly.
The remaining four visits were scheduled for blood draw, blood pressure assessment Omron HEM , body composition assessment Bioelectrical impedance, InBody USA , and fecal sample collection.
These occurred in the morning after a 10 h fast at baseline, and after 7, 14, and 30 days of supplementation. See Figure 2 for testing schematic. MTC juice was prepared by diluting 1 fluid ounce of concentrate King Orchards, Traverse City, MI with 7 fluid ounces of filtered water in accordance with manufacturer instructions.
The placebo was a visually similar carbohydrate- and calorie-matched placebo beverage. Participants were provided with 14, ml 8 oz. bottles of juice per week for 4 weeks.
They were instructed to keep the juice refrigerated until consumption, to shake well at consumption, and to drink two bottles per day, ~8 h apart and not within an hour of exercise. Each bottle of MTC juice contained 77 kcal, 18 g carbohydrate and 0 g fiber and the equivalent of 0.
MTC capsules King Orchards, Traverse City, MI contained mg of freeze-dried tart cherries, while placebo capsules contained mg cornstarch. Participants were provided with an undisclosed number of capsules and instructed to take two capsules with breakfast each day and to return unused capsules at their next visit.
Each MTC capsule contained 1. Each placebo capsule contained 1. Independent lab analysis of anthocyanins via high-performance liquid chromatography and total polyphenols via Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy Certified Laboratories, Mellville, NY showed MTC juice provided mg anthocyanins and mg total polyphenols per ml bottle while MTC capsules provided mg anthocyanins and mg total polyphenols per capsule.
These values are within the ranges reported by previous studies using MTC products Doses were in accordance with previous literature and to ensure similar levels of polyphenols and anthocyanins between formulations. Two capsules were taken at the same time of day rather than spread out for easier compliance.
Following the consent visit and prior to their baseline blood draw, participants completed a 12 month food frequency questionnaire FFQ that included portion sizes Dietary History Questionnaire DHQ III, National Cancer Institute to determine typical dietary patterns i.
In addition to the FFQ, between the 14 and 30 day visits, participants completed a 3 day food record for 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day, tracking food and beverage intake along with portion sizes.
Participants recorded their data in Food Prodigy, a companion program to the Food Processor Nutrition Analysis software ESHA Research. Data from the 3 days was then exported from the Food Processor Nutrition Analysis program as an excel file for each participant.
Finally, every 7 days during the course of the study participants completed an online survey regarding their exercise and dietary habits for the previous 7 days as well as the frequency of their intake of alcohol, anti-inflammatory medications, and the top polyphenol containing foods.
Samples were transported to the lab on ice Utek, Sonoco ThermoSafe, Arlington Heights, IL in a thermal insulated tote Hopkins Medical Products Caledonia, MI.
DNA was extracted from fecal samples using the Qiagen DNeasy PowerSoil kit Qiagen, per manufacturer's instructions. Isolated genomic DNA was amplified using custom designed primers targeting the 16s rDNA V3-V4 regions with Kapa Biosystems HiFi HotStart ReadyMix Roche, KK Amplified products were checked for the correct size using the Agilent Bioanalyzer on a DNA chip Agilent, Each amplified product was dual indexed using Illumina Nextera XT v2 indices Illumina, FCX according to manufacturer's instructions.
Prepared libraries were checked for correct sizing and overall quality using the Agilent Bioanalyzer on a DNA chip Agilent, Libraries were quantified using a Qubit 3. Sequencing reads were downloaded from the BaseSpace server in FASTQ format.
Reads were demultiplexed and adaptors removed. Operational Taxonomic Units OTUs were generated using QIIME 2. Species richness and diversity were calculated with the Shannon index and Pielou's evenness Supplementary Figure.
Venous blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein into Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA and serum separator tubes SST immediately before and after 7, 14, and 30 days of supplementation. One milliliter of EDTA blood was used to quantify erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR by the Westegren method Sedi-Rate, Globe Scientific, Inc.
The remaining EDTA blood was stored at 4°C until centrifugation. Two milliliter serum were sent to an outside facility Pathology Laboratories, Inc. Remaining serum samples were assayed in house in duplicate for TNF-a BMSHS, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Vienna, Austria , insulin Catalog , Crystal Chem, Elk Grove, IL , glucose Item P, Eton Bioscience, San Diego, CA , and glycated albumin Catalog IT, G-Biosciences, St.
Louis MO. Reference range for CRP was 0. For microbiota changes, 12 participants per group were needed for an effect size of 1. For UA, CRP, and ESR 12 participants per group were needed for an effect size of 0.
For glucose a sample size of 12 was needed for an effect size of 0. Statistical analysis was completed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS; SPSS Linear mixed models were used to examine the main effects of time, and treatment, and the interaction effect time x treatment.
For microbiome composition, data was analyzed overall for change in OTUs between groups at baseline, 14 and 30 days. Different covariance structures were systematically fit to the data, and the one that minimized the Hurvich and Tsai's criterion was chosen for the final model.
Where a significant F ratio was observed, post-hoc comparisons with LSD-adjusted p -values were used to identify which pairs of means were significantly different. Normality and homogeneity of variance of the residuals were checked using Q-Q plots, and scatter plots, respectively, and deemed plausible in each instance.
Data are represented as mean ± SD. Finally, there were no significant changes in any bacteria phyla or species over time or between groups. OTU data can be seen in Figure 3. Figure 3. Observed taxonomic units OTUs for A Bacteroides, B Firmicutes, C Actinobacteria, and D Proteobacteria at baseline and after 14 and 30 days of supplementation with placebo or Montmorency tart cherry MTC.
Correlations between the gut microbiome and other variables were mostly weak. Inflammatory marker data can be seen in Figure 4. Figure 4. Inflammatory markers including erythrocyte sedimentation rate A , uric acid B , C-reactive protein C and tumor necrosis factor alpha D for each group at baseline and after 14 and 30 days of supplementation with placebo or Montmorency tart cherry MTC concentrate or capsules.
Similarly, 30 days post was significantly higher vs. baseline mean difference: Glucose regulation data can be seen in Figure 5. Figure 5. Glucose regulation markers including glycated albumin A , blood glucose B , and insulin C concentrations for each group at baseline and after 14 and 30 days of supplementation with placebo or Montmorency tart cherry MTC concentrate or capsules.
Typical dietary pattern analysis found that all participants were classified as normal for protein intake, 39 participants were classified as normal, 4 classified as high, and 8 classified as low for carbohydrate intake.
For fat, 36 were classified as normal and 15 were classified as high. For fiber, 16 participants were classified as normal, 11 were classified as high, and 24 were classified as low. There was no significant difference between groups in any of the macronutrients analyzed from the 3 day food log in this study Table 2.
Consumption of the top polyphenol containing foods were tracked weekly, results can be found in Supplemental data. Table 2. The current study examined the effects of 30 days of supplementing with MTC concentrate or freeze-dried powder on gut microbiome composition, inflammation, and glucose regulation.
We hypothesized that the polyphenols in tart cherry products would influence the gut microbiome composition, which would modulate changes in inflammatory markers and glucose regulation.
However, we found no significant alterations in the gut microbiome, and no significant impact of MTC supplementation on inflammation or glucose regulation. The relationship between polyphenols and the gut microbiome has been established, whereby the degradation of most polyphenols requires host microbes and these microbes in turn utilize the products produced from polyphenol degradation for energy.
This degradation of polyphenols often leads to greater bioavailability and biological activity 31 however this is dependent on the host microbiota composition Tart cherries are well-known to be high in polyphenols and two previous investigations have examined the impact of tart cherry supplementation on the composition of the gut microbiome with disparate findings.
Mayta-Apaza 11 investigated ingestion of 8 oz. MTC juice for 5 days in 10 participants. When comparing pre-to post-intervention microbiota, very little change was detected.
However, the authors determined the need to divide participants into groups based on the baseline relative abundance of Bacteroides , either high or low. In the high Bacteroides group, ingestion of tart cherry juice resulted in a sharp decline in Bacteroides and an increase in Firmicutes such as Ruminococcus, Clostridium, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus , while the opposite was seen in the low Bacteroides group, with an increase in Bacteroides and decreases in Firmicutes such as Streptococcus and Lachnospiraceae.
These changes may have been due to the underlying diets of the participants, as those in the low Bacteroides group consumed more carbohydrates, sugars, and fibers and the high polyphenol intake from the tart cherry juice resulted in increases in Bacteroides to facilitate breakdown of these polyphenols.
When we divided our participants into groups based on high or low baseline levels of Bacteroides , we noted significantly higher Bacteroides in the high vs.
low group at baseline and over the 30 days and no change in Firmicute levels, in contrast to the finding of Mayta-Apaza.
However, we did not find any significant differences or changes in the other bacteria phyla or species, even if the groups were divided by their baseline Bacteroides levels.
Contrary to the findings of Mayta-Apaza, Lear 25 found no significant impact of 4 weeks supplementing with tart cherry concentrate on gut microbial composition.
These authors noted their samples contained very low abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , which should have been more abundant and found their collection and storage methods may have resulted in alterations in their abundances.
Early data suggests that the microbiome can be altered with dietary intake strategies, such as exclusively plant or animal based diets 6. For example, 20 days of red wine consumption increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes 8 and 30 days consumption of a high polyphenol cocoa drink increased bifidobacterial and lactobacilli populations.
In our study, it is possible that MTC supplementation brought change in microbial composition that might have not been measured with our fecal sample collection times i. Further, Leeming et al.
Therefore, future research should focus on detecting the sufficient time that bring the effective change in microbial composition from the intake of tart cherry supplementation. It is also interesting to note that dietary intake of our participants did not seem to be a determining factor in whether or not the MTC supplementation altered microbial diversity, in contrast to Mayta-Apaza.
While this likely determined whether a participant had high or low levels of Bacteroidetes at baseline, either the supplements did not provide enough of a stimulus for change, or the participant's dietary patterns were too influential to bring about change.
This might indicate a need for greater changes in diet, along with MTC supplementation, to see significant alterations in gut microbiome composition. When inflammation is present in the body, red blood cells stick to one another and this results in greater sedimentation rates.
While this is a non-specific marker of inflammation, it has been measured in two previous studies using tart cherry juice consumption 23 , The average values for ESR were well within the normal ranges for the test, indicating there was no measurable inflammation in our participants, which differs from the two previous studies.
Uric acid is produced in the body from the breakdown of purines, and if not metabolized itself, can accumulate resulting in pain and inflammation. There is significant interest in the use of tart cherries to reduce UA and the incidence of gout because much of the research indicates MTC concentrate 18 , MTC juice 22 , 23 and freeze-dried MTC decrease UA CRP is used as a marker for inflammation, typically used to predict cardiovascular disease risk.
However, because it is an essential marker of inflammation and elevated CRP has been noted in many inflammatory diseases 38 it can be a valuable tool for evaluating the impact of tart cherry on inflammation.
Equivocal findings have been noted with tart cherry supplementation and changes in CRP, potentially due to different lengths of supplementation and doses.
Acute interventions with MTC juice or concentrate are equivocal. For example, Bell et al. However, Hillman and Uhranowsky 22 did not find a change in CRP during a 48 h intervention with either 30 or 60 ml MTC juice. Two investigations that utilized sweet Bing cherries did find significant reductions in CRP both after 3 h 41 and 28 day These different results could be due to formulations, as sweet tart cherries are the only ones known to have anthocyanins in all portions of the fruit skin, flesh and pit , while tart cherries do not have anthocyanins in their flesh and very little in their pits, though tart cherries have higher antioxidant properties Another reason for differences between studies could be due to type of CRP measured inflammatory vs.
high-sensitivity or its reported low reproducibility Levels of CRP in our study are similar to other investigations who used healthy participants and MTC supplements and perhaps the lack of change in our study is due to this healthier population used. Indeed studies utilizing participants with high baseline levels of CRP tend to find significant reductions supplementing 4—6 weeks with MTC supplementation 21 , Can Fam Physician.
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Tart Tarf are quite the nutritional Tarf, boasting a myriad of impressive Top herbal extracts benefits Alpha-lipoic acid and immune support include boosting heart health to helping treat insomnia. Tart cherry juice for digestive disorders disordes doesn't mean you should sip with abandon. Drinking too much tart cherry juice can lead to some very unpleasant side effects — which, luckily — can be avoided! So even with the potential side effects, tart cherries or tart cherry juice may still be less dangerous than over-the-counter medications typically used to relieve inflammation. That would make tart cherry juice a potentially better option to control inflammation, but the juice is not without drawbacks. Read on to find out why. Do cherries cause gas? Tart cherry juice for digestive disorders : Research. Health disorers of Montmorency tart cherry digesgive supplementation Preventing diabetes complications adults juixe mild to disordfrs Ulcerative Colitis; a Tart cherry juice for digestive disorders randomized control trial. Bottoms, Lindsay Harmony Goh, Shan CoI. Department chsrry Psychology, Sport and Geography Centre for Research in Psychology and Sport Sciences School of Life and Medical Sciences Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management Research Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science Extracellular Vesicle Research Unit Biosciences Research Group Centre for Applied Clinical, Health and Care Research CACHE High Performance Sport Research Group Exercise, Health and Wellbeing Research Group. Overview Fingerprint.
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