Beta-carotene and kidney health -
Editorials November 17 Antioxidants Therapy for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Question of Balance Subject Area: Nephrology.
Jing Chen ; Jing Chen. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La.
jchen tulane. This Site. Google Scholar. Ravi Siriki Ravi Siriki. Am J Nephrol 42 4 : — Article history Published Online:. Cite Icon Cite. toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu. toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest.
We have no conflict of interest to declare. Walter MF, Jacob RF, Bjork RE, Jeffers B, Buch J, Mizuno Y, Mason RP: Circulating lipid hydroperoxides predict cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the PREVENT study. J Am Coll Cardiol ; Shoji T, Fukumoto M, Kimoto E, Shinohara K, Emoto M, Tahara H, Koyama H, Ishimura E, Nakatani T, Miki T, Tsujimoto Y, Tabata T, Nishizawa Y: Antibody to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease.
Kidney Int ; Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Zaharris E, MacFadyen J, Danielson E, Buring JE, Manson JE: A randomized factorial trial of vitamins C and E and beta carotene in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in women: results from the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study.
Arch Intern Med ; Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, Ellis C, Wu P, Shintani A, Dalal S, Kaplan M, Chonchol M, Hakim RM: Provision of antioxidant therapy in hemodialysis PATH : a randomized clinical trial.
J Am Soc Nephrol ; Massy ZA, Stenvinkel P, Drueke TB: The role of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial ; Rebholz CM, Wu T, Hamm LL, Arora R, Khan IE, Liu Y, Chen CS, Mills KT, Rogers S, Kleinpeter MA, Simon EE, Chen J: The association of plasma fluorescent oxidation products and chronic kidney disease: a case-control study.
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There is evidence that higher intake of fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of CKD [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. By combining with the pathological process of CKD, we know that it is a chronic inflammatory disease involving oxidative stress, which is a key step in its occurrence and progression [ 8 ].
Therefore, to prevent the occurrence and progression of CKD, it is imperative to address the underlying pathological mechanisms. Supplementation of natural dietary antioxidants can effectively mitigate oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in the human body.
Carotenoids are strong antioxidants and are widely present in fruits, vegetable, fish and other foods [ 9 ]. These carotenoids include beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin in the diet and human body [ 10 ], which all have unique antioxidant properties [ 11 ].
Besides, epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between high dietary carotenoids and a reduced risk of breast cancer [ 12 ], cervical cancer [ 13 ], ovarian cancer [ 14 ], colorectal cancer [ 15 ], and CVD [ 16 , 17 ].
However, no previous study explored the correlation between dietary carotenoid intake DCI and CKD, and only one study evaluated the relationship between serum carotenoids and CKD.
The results show that there is a significant correlation between the increase in serum carotenoids and the decrease in CKD [ 18 ]. A more comprehensive evidence base on diet and the risk of CKD will improve dietary recommendations and provide more stringent guidelines for dietary interventions in populations at high risk for CKD.
Due to a higher prevalence of smoking among men compared to women, the intake of nicotine and subsequent oxidative stress reactions during smoking can inhibit and reduce levels of carotenoids in the body [ 19 ].
Consequently, even if men consume more dietary carotenoids, its protective action may be compromised. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the impact of dietary carotenoids intake on CKD in both male and female populations, respectively. It will be verified by cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES database.
NHANES database is a series of representative large multi-stage sampling survey projects in the United States [ 20 ].
The database is designed to collect information about the health and nutrition of the U. population through interviews, physical exams, and laboratory tests. All study protocols were reviewed and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics NCHS Ethics Committee, and data were collected with the written informed consent of the participants.
This cross-sectional analysis comprised 19, participants aged over 18 years who were enrolled in the NHANES between and , all of whom underwent renal function testing and completed a dietary questionnaire.
Finally, 8, subjects were included in our study. The exposure factor for this analysis was DCI, the mean dietary intake derived from two hour recall surveys conducted by trained interviewers.
The dietary carotene intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, comprising different types of foods and inquiries regarding vitamin and mineral supplements. Participants were asked to report the average consumption frequency of a specific unit or portion size for each food item over the past year e.
The intake score was calculated by multiplying the nutritional content of each food item by its reported frequency of consumption, utilizing data on food composition from sources such as the US Department of Agriculture USDA , food manufacturers, and other publicly available resources [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].
The carotenoid food ingredient database comprises the prevalent carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables, namely alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin and lycopene.
The eGFR in this study was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration CKD-EPI formula [ 26 ].
This formula estimates GFR based on serum creatinine levels, incorporating factors such as age, sex, and race. NHANES provided information about age, sex, race, body mass index BMI , smoking status never, former, or current , systolic blood pressure SBP , diastolic blood pressure DBP , fasting plasma glucose FPG , total cholesterol TC , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C , serum uric acid SUA , antihypertensive drugs, lipoprotein-lowering drugs, and glucose-lowering drugs.
Since DCI was skewed and distributed leftward, we performed a log10 conversion when it was a continuous variable. Baseline characteristics of men and women are presented according to quartiles of DCI. Descriptive analyses were conducted according to DCI quartiles using One-way analysis of variance and the chi-square test to compare between-group differences.
We established two models: Model 1 was adjusted for age, race, BMI, smoke, FPG, TC, HDL, SUA, and model 2 was adjusted for age, race, BMI, smoke, FPG, TC, HDL, SUA, lipoprotein-lowering drugs, glucose-lowering drugs, diabetes, hypertension.
non-Hispanic Black vs. Mexican American vs. other Hispanic vs. former vs. current , diabetes no vs. yes , and hypertension no vs.
yes were performed to test whether these factors could modify the association between DCI and CKD intervals men and women. org and Empower R www.
A total of women were included in the study, with the average age standard deviation: SD of The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were A total of men, with an average age SD of Table 1 compares the characteristics of the study participants which are divided into four quartiles by DCI among males.
Compared with the lower quartiles, the upper quartiles group of DCI was more likely to be patients who were non-Hispanic whites and current smokers. Table 2 shows the characteristics of the female participants. Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of DCI, those in the highest quartile exhibit several distinguishing characteristics: non-smoking habits, lower BMI and SBP values, as well as higher HDL-C levels.
There was a significant inverse association between higher DCI and CKD among females Fig. When adjustments were made using model 1 age, race, BMI, smoke, FPG, TC, HDL, SUA , the prevalence of CKD in females was significantly lower with each incremental unit of LgDCI OR: 0. Significant differences between DCI and CKD OR: 0.
As shown in Table 3 the ORs for women across the three upper quartiles were 0. In men, by contrast, there was no correlation between DCI and the prevalence of CKD in men, using either model 1 or model 2.
In model 2, compared with male participants with the lowest DCI, the multivariable adjusted OR for CKD was 0. Figure 1 A displays the dose response of DCI and CKD effects in male participants and shows similar results with the straight line gradually flattening out. Association between DCI and the prevalence of CKD by sex.
A males B females. Adjustment factors included age, race, BMI, smoking, FPG, TC, HDL, SUA, lipoprotein-lowering, drugs, glucose-lowering drugs, diabetes, and hypertension.
We performed a subgroup analysis of the relationship between DCI and CKD in men and women Fig. There has been minimal research on the relationship between diet and risk of CKD.
In this large cross-sectional study, increases in DCI were negatively correlated with CKD in females but not in males, and this association was independent of other risk factors for CKD.
To date, only Hirahatake et al. have carried out a comparable study. They used data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults CARDIA study to assess the relationship between serum carotenoids and rapid renal decline [ 18 ]. Individuals in the highest quartile of serum carotenoids had significantly lower odds of a rapid decline in renal function OR, 0.
In addition, animal studies support the protective effect of beta-carotenoids feeding on kidney of bromobenzene-treated rats [ 29 , 30 ]. We observed a significant correlation between the increase in DCI and a reduction in CKD prevalence among women, whereas no such association was found among men.
Animal experiments have demonstrated comparable findings. Female mice exhibit higher bioavailability and conversion rates of carotenoids compared to male mice, as evidenced by a significant increase in plasma retinol levels [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].
Therefore, we hypothesize that the elevated bioavailability of carotenoids in female participants may result in increased plasma carotenoid levels, thereby enhancing their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects within the human body.
Consequently, their protective effect on kidney function is likely to be more pronounced when compared to male participants. The number of male subjects who smoked in this study was Compared with women, men had more risk factors for CKD, so the antioxidant effects of carotenoids in men were offset by the related risk factors, suggesting that we should pay more attention to the main risk factors such as blood glucose and blood pressure values of men.
Moreover, preclinical and experimental studies show that systemic and vascular oxidative stress in men is higher than that in women [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The mechanism by which DCI is associated with reduced risk of CKD is not clear. The alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response may serve as a possible explanation.
Oxidative stress is a part of the pathogenesis of CKD [ 40 , 41 ]. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that carotenoids are the most abundant fat-soluble phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables with antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, many of which are related to the regulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress signaling pathways [ 42 ].
Our study has several limitations: First, our research was based on NHANES data. This study is cross-sectional and does not allow for the establishment of a time correlation and causal inferences. However, some studies have shown that two hour recalls of daily dietary intake may be sufficient for evaluation [ 44 ].
Finally, although we adjusted for a wide range of potential confounders, the potential effects of unmeasured or residual confounders cannot be ruled out. To sum up, our study provides evidence that carotenoid intake may prevent CKD in a gender-specific manner.
Further studies are needed to understand the mechanistic basis of gender differences in the occurrence and development of CKD. Further research is needed to explain the role of sex. We demonstrated that higher DCI is associated with a decrease in CKD only in women, independent of other possible risk factors for CKD.
Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. Global regional. National burden of chronic kidney disease, — a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Couser WG, Remuzzi G, Mendis S, Tonelli M.
The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major noncommunicable diseases. Kidney Int. Matsushita K, Coresh J, Sang Y. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Matsushita K. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. van derVeldeMAstor BC. Chang A. Panchapakesan U, Pollock CA, Chen XM The effect of high glucose and PPAR-gamma agonists on PPAR-gamma expression and function in HK-2 cells.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol F—F Zafiriou S, Stanners SR, Polhill TS et al Pioglitazone increases renal tubular cell albumin uptake but limits proinflammatory and fibrotic responses.
Guan Y, Zhang Y, Breyer MD The role of PPARs in the transcriptional control of cellular processes. Drug News Perspect — Download references.
We thank the ICMR for financial support provided to this project work. This study was supported by Grant in aid from the Indian Council of Medical Research ICMR , Government of India and the project IRIS ID no is We extend our gratitude to Mr.
Dwarkanath for his assistance in the care and handling of animals. We acknowledge NCLAS, National Institute of Nutrition for preparation and supply of antioxidant diet for our experiment.
CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology CSIR-CCMB , Uppal Road, Hyderabad, , India. Gopal Kaliappan, Ramya Moorthy, S. Kalai Gana Selvi, T. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tissue Engineering Group, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Small Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Correspondence to Jerald Mahesh Kumar. Reprints and permissions. Kaliappan, G. et al. Ang II induce kidney damage by recruiting inflammatory cells and up regulates PPAR gamma and Renin 1 gene: effect of β carotene on chronic renal damage. J Thromb Thrombolysis 36 , — Download citation.
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Energize and hydrate for performance mostly affects your central vision, ane that anr in Avocado Appetizer Ideas center look blurry. Betz-carotene is most Energize and hydrate for performance Organic green tea people aged 65 and older. You Beta-carotend reduce Beta-carotne chances of getting AMD by not Resveratrol dosage, or by quitting if you already smoke. If you already have AMD and you smoke, quitting can actually help slow the disease. It is sold without a prescription, but it is important to ask your doctor or nurse before you start taking it. Certain vitamins can be harmful if you take them in the wrong amounts, and people who smoke can have serious problems if they take some vitamins. Vitamin A and beta carotene are important for good vision.how to cite: Badavi M, Gharib Naseri M K, Pirmoradi L, Hosseini F. Zahedan J Healtb Med Sci. The results of this phenomenon vary from acute kidney Beat-carotene Avocado Appetizer Ideas acute and chronic transplant rejection Beta-cxrotene 1 ]. Imbalance between local ans oxygen supply and demand results in accumulation of metabolites that could harm the tubular epithelial cells, eventually ane to death by apoptosis and necrosis [ 3 ].
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It has been shown that beta carotene can Avocado Appetizer Ideas iNOS and thereby possesses anti-inflammatory activity [ 10 ]. Another study reported that beta kidny effectively scavenges toxic Beta-carotenne metabolites like nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrous acid [ 11 ].
Animals: in this experimental study, male Beta-caroteje rats - Beta-carotnee were housed Beta-carotene and kidney health yealth light-controlled room with 12 hours light-dark Beta-carotene and kidney health and were Energizing plant-based fats ad libitum access to food and Body composition and body shape. The Beta-caotene protocols were approved by the ethic committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur Bdta-carotene of Medical Avocado Appetizer Ideas.
In the day of Beta-csrotene, animals were anaesthetized with a combination of xylazine Energize and hydrate for performance mg Beta-cartene -1ip and ketamine mg kg -1ip. Anesthesia was maintained by supplementary doses of anesthetics.
Body temperature was recorded rectally and maintained at 37°C by using a thermostatic blanket Harvard Apparatus, UK. Tracheostomy was performed to maintain airway patency Efficient resupply distribution to facilitate spontaneous respiration.
The right femoral znd was Beta-caroteene PE Beta-carotenf measure mean arterial pressure Yealth continuously Powerlab system, ADInstruments, Australia. The right femoral vein was cannulated Beta-craotene anesthetics administration kiddney heparinized kiney infusion at Brta-carotene - 4 mL Avocado Appetizer Ideas -1 h Bladder was cannulated Brta-carotene collection of urine sample.
The renal pedicles, Beta-acrotene the artery, vein, Beta-carotehe nerve supply of each kidney were isolated. Cortical healtu flow of the kidney kkdney monitored by Laser Doppler Moor instruments prior to ischemia and during reperfusion period.
Urine Beta-carofene was collected during Beta-caroteen period and stored at °C until analysis. NO assay: heaoth and nitrite NOx in the plasma level Btea-carotene determined to measure the NO generation.
Urinary NOx excretion is expressed as μM NOx to mM Creatinine Cr ratio. Creatinine assay: urinary Cr concentration was measured spectrophotometrically UltrospecPharmacia Biotech, USA using commercial kit DarmanKave, Iran. Statistical analysis: given as means ± SEM, data were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences SPSS, version 17 for Windows software.
Blood flows and blood pressures were compared by repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test. Concentration of both nitrite and nitrate as an established marker of NO generation was determined. The MAP results of all groups are shown in Figure 2.
There were no significant differences in the initial values of MAP between groups. Induction of ischemia immediately increased MAP in all groups. MAP returned to the baseline value in 40 th minutes of reperfusion period and did not change up to the end of experiment.
Beta carotene pretreatment had no significant effect on MAP at any doses. Values expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant difference vs. Figure 3 indicates the renal blood flow RBF in all groups. After releasing the clamp, RBF started to increase steadily but it did not reach to the baseline value in any groups.
Values expressed as mean ± SEM in respect of the basic value. ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. Ischemia cessation of blood flowfollowed by reperfusion re-establishment of blood flowcauses characteristic injury to organs and tissues [ 17 ]. Three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase NOS produce NO: endothelial NOS eNOS and neuronal NOS nNOScollectively known as constitutive NOS cNOSare expressed in the renal vasculature and macula densa, respectively.
Inducible NOS iNOS has been found in segments of the renal tubule, glomerulus, and interlobular and arcuate arteries of normal rat kidneys [ 9 ]. The beneficial effects of eNOS in maintenance of renal function like sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule were reported [ 2223 ]. It also has been reported that NO produced by eNOS can dilate the pre-glomerular arteries and thereby increases renal blood flow [ 24 ].
On the other hand, enhanced iNOS activity can lead to renal dysfunction [ 21 ]. However discrimination between eNOS and iNOS derived NO production is not possible based on our data.
It has been shown that NO can interact with superoxide anion to generate the prooxidant species such as peroxynitrite, an important agent which causes lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes [ 24 ].
This is in accordance with other reports that introduce beta carotene as an effective scavenger of toxic reactive nitrogen species like: nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrous acid [ 2728 ].
Then we conclude that beta carotene pretreatment in higher doses used in this study, despite more NO generation, could scavenge toxic NO metabolites effectively.
Our results showed that beta carotene pretreatment could enhance RBF, implying a reduction in vascular resistance probably by action of NO. These findings lead us to this idea that beta carotene stimulated eNOS more than iNOS.
Another finding of our study was the stability of blood pressure in most of the reperfusion time. Then enhancement of RBF could not be due to changes in blood pressure.
Moreover, L-NAME inhibitor of NOS seems to worsen the renal damage probably due to reduction of NO production. Saat TC, van den Akker EK, I.
Jzermans JN, Dor FJ, de Bruin RW. Improving the outcome of kidney transplantation by ameliorating renal ischemia reperfusion injury: lost in translation? J Transl Med. de Groot H, Rauen U. Ischemia-reperfusion injury: processes in pathogenetic networks: a review.
Transplant Proc. Bonventre JV, Yang L. Cellular pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury. J Clin Invest. Waz WR, Van Liew JB, Feld LG. Pediatr Nephrol. Betz B, Schneider R, Kress T, Schick MA, Wanner C, Sauvant C.
PPAR Res. Sarada SK, Dipti P, Anju B, Pauline T, Kain AK, Sairam M, et al. Antioxidant effect of beta-carotene on hypoxia induced oxidative stress in male albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol.
Hathcock JN. Vitamin and mineral safety. Washington, D. C: Council for Responsible Nutrition CRN ; Hosseini F, Naseri MK, Badavi M, Ghaffari MA, Shahbazian H, Rashidi I. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. Mark LA, Robinson AV, Schulak JA.
J Surg Res. Bai SK, Lee SJ, Na HJ, Ha KS, Han JA, Lee H, et al. beta-Carotene inhibits inflammatory gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by suppressing redox-based NF-kappaB activation.
Exp Mol Med. Kikugawa K, Hiramoto K, Tomiyama S, Asano Y. beta-Carotene effectively scavenges toxic nitrogen oxides: nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrous acid.
FEBS Lett. Singh P, Bhargava VK, Garg SK. Effect of melatonin and beta-carotene on indomethacin induced gastric mucosal injury. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. Manda K, Bhatia AL. Role of β-carotene against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Nutrition Research. Pre-administration of beta-carotene protects tissue glutathione and lipid peroxidation status following exposure to gamma radiation. J Environ Biol. Matos HR, Marques SA, Gomes OF, Silva AA, Heimann JC, Di Mascio P, et al. Lycopene and beta-carotene protect in vivo iron-induced oxidative stress damage in rat prostate.
Braz J Med Biol Res. Nesic Z, Todorovic Z, Stojanovic R, Basta-Jovanovic G, Radojevic-Skodric S, Velickovic R, et al. Single-dose intravenous simvastatin treatment attenuates renal injury in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion in the rat.
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: Beta-carotene and kidney health| A Healthy Diet For Your Kidneys | J Gastroenterol Hepatol — Beta-cafotene K is important in blood clotting. O Box, CH Betz-carotene Switzerland Allschwilerstrasse 10, CH Basel. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Blaner, W. These are described in detail elsewhere. Some doctors may prescribe between 10, IU per day up to 83, IU. Nutrition Research. |
| Are Carrots and Cilantro Good for Your Kidneys? | Vitamins are Avocado Appetizer Ideas produced by the nad body. The name beta-carotene Energize and hydrate for performance derived from the Latin name for carrot. We established two models: Model 1 was adjusted hexlth age, race, BMI, smoke, FPG, TC, HDL, SUA, and model 2 was adjusted for age, race, BMI, smoke, FPG, TC, HDL, SUA, lipoprotein-lowering drugs, glucose-lowering drugs, diabetes, hypertension. Author information Author notes These authors contributed equally: Rong Ma and Chunpeng Xie. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and progression of chronic renal failure. |
| Beta Carotene Modulates Nitric Oxide Production in the Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat | patients with DM has been increasing annually from to 5. As such, the strength of our conclusions may be limited without a valid measure of dietary intake and supplement use. population using a stratified, multi-stage probability design and conducts every 2 years. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Dietary management of T2DM is known to be effective in slowing the incidence and progression of CKD, such as a low protein diet which is widely known to decrease proteinuria and slow the decline in e-GFR Full size image. Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. |
| Are Carrots and Cilantro Good for Your Kidneys? - kidneycop | CJASN 12 12 , — Carotenoid content of thermally processed tomato-based food products. Lab Invest — J Thromb Thrombolysis 36 , — In the NHANES study in the US, for example, daily vitamin A intake of more than 3, micrograms was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. The renal pedicles, containing the artery, vein, and nerve supply of each kidney were isolated. |
| Vitamin A in Bone Disease Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease — InKidney | It mostly affects your central vision, so that things in the center look blurry. It is most common among people aged 65 and older. You can reduce your chances of getting AMD by not smoking, or by quitting if you already smoke. If you already have AMD and you smoke, quitting can actually help slow the disease. It is sold without a prescription, but it is important to ask your doctor or nurse before you start taking it. Certain vitamins can be harmful if you take them in the wrong amounts, and people who smoke can have serious problems if they take some vitamins. Vitamin A and beta carotene are important for good vision. Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin and it is usually elevated in dialysis patients. It is not removed by dialysis and can build up and lead to problems. Too much vitamin A can cause high serum calcium, liver problems, high triglycerides, or anemia in kidney patients. Therefore, kidney patients should avoid supplements with vitamin A or beta carotene but many AMD vitamins have excessively high amounts of them. Fortunately, there are certain formulations that contain less or no beta carotene. These formulations include:. Regional Renal Program. Breadcrumb LHSC Home Regional Renal Program Age-related Macular Degeneration. Kidney dialysis patients have low amounts of activated vitamin D and need to be supplemented. Calcium must be given along with vitamin D or the vitamin cannot do its job. Calcium levels must be closely watched. If too much calcium is absorbed, the physician often stops the vitamin D supplements. Calcium carbonate is a good supplement for calcium and phosphorus control. Vitamin K. Vitamin K is important in blood clotting. There is no evidence that kidney dialysis patients need vitamin K supplementation. B Vitamins. The B vitamins are B1, B2, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, niacin and folic acid. Vitamins B1, B2, niacin, pahtothenic acid and biotin should be taken in recommended daily amounts. Folic Acid, B6 and B Folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 are very important vitamins that act together to promote red blood cell development. Also, they appear to control a compound known as homocysteine, which has been identified as a possible risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Dialysis patients have increased requirements for folic acid and vitamin B6, needing at least mcg to 1 mg or more of folic acid and 10 mg or more of B6 each day. Vitamin B12 should be taken in recommended daily amounts. Vitamin C. Many people believe in taking large amounts of vitamin C. That may be fine for others, but large amounts are NOT fine for kidney patients. Most preparations contain at least mg, and some contain up to mg of vitamin C. This is an excessive amount for the kidney patient. The reason why has to do with a compound called oxalate. Kidney patients already have high levels of oxalate, and too much supplemented vitamin C increases it. Oxalate accumulates in the blood and is not dialyzed off. Oxalate crystals can form in bones and smooth muscle, including the heart, causing muscle weakness and loss of function. Arthritis is another potential consequence of oxalate accumulation. Kidney patients should take the recommended daily amount of vitamin C, which is 60 mg, but no more. For kidney patients, the more vitamin C consumed, the higher the risk of oxalate deposits in important tissues. Only Vitamins formulated specifically for kidney patients contain the correct amount of vitamin C, as well as the B vitamins. People with kidney failure do not always react to these treaments in the same way. Some of these items may even make matters worse. Overview of Herbal Supplements. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Search only trustworthy HONcode health websites:. Why You Need Special Vitamins. Search only trustworthy HONcode health websites: About The Nephron Information Center Contact the webmaster: fadem nephron. com © Nephron Information Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this page can be reproduced without permission of the author. Page coding updated October 20 Content last updated dynamically at Last updated Mon, 26 Dec TEXT SEARCH. PubMed MeSH Nucleotide Journals PMC Books OMIN PopSet Taxonomy DNA Sequences Protein Sequences 3D Structures Complete Genomes Books CancerChromosomes Conserved Domains 3D Domains Gene GENSAT GEO Profiles GEO DataSets HomoloGene NCBI Web Site NLM Catalog OMIM PubChem BioAssay PubChem Compound PubChem Substance SNP UniGene UniSTS for:. All Subjects Free Text obesity hypertension dialysis diabetes kidney kidney disease glomerulonephritis kidney failure vascular calcification All Journals N England J Med Clin Nephrol Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens J Am Soc Nephrol Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc Semin Nephrol Kidney Int Kidney Int Suppl Am J Kidney Dis Nephrol Dial Transplant Other. COCHRANE ENDNOTE UPTODATE EPOCRATES. web site. Epocrates TouchCalc Clin Queries AdvScholar Scholar PUBGET. Table of Contents. Why You Need Special Vitamins Kidney Patients Have Special Vitamin Requirements. Folic acid, B6 and B Recommended daily amounts of vitamns in kidney patient. Vitamin A. Individualized for each patient. Vitamin B1. Vitamin B2. Vitamin B6. Vitamin B Folic Acid. Pantothenic Acid. |
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