DiNicolantonio JJ, Berger Absoption. No special diet or 'miracle nutriemt can cure Liver detoxification therapy, Sugar consumption and nutrient absorption some conditions may be helped by avoiding or including certain foods. Use limited data to select content. Download citation. Wellness Nutrition. Wali View author publications.

Sugar consumption and nutrient absorption -

In the liver and depending on exercise condition, gender, health status and the availability of other energy sources e. glucose , the majority of fructose is used for energy production, or can be enzymatically converted to glucose and then potentially glycogen, or is converted to lactic acid See figure below.

It is important to note that the metabolism of fructose involves many regulated reactions and its fate may vary depending on nutrients consumed simultaneously with fructose e. glucose as well as the energy status of the body. Acute metabolic fate of fructose in the body within 6 hours of ingesting grams about teaspoons of fructose adapted from Sun et al.

A number of factors affect carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as the food matrix and other foods eaten at the same time 7. Foods with a high GI are more quickly digested, and cause a larger increase in blood glucose level compared to foods with a low GI.

Foods with a low GI are digested more slowly and do not raise blood glucose as high, or as quickly, as high GI foods. Examples of factors that affect carbohydrate absorption are described in the table below:.

Less processed foods, such as slow cooking oats or brown rice, have a lower GI than more processed foods such as instant oats or instant rice. Pasta cooked 'al dente' tender yet firm has a lower GI than pasta cooked until very tender.

David Kitts Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia Dietary carbohydrates include starches, sugars, and fibre. Use of Dietary Carbohydrates as Energy. Glucose is the primary energy source of the body. Major dietary sources of glucose include starches and sugars.

Digestion of Carbohydrates. The digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates can be influenced by many factors. Absorption of Carbohydrates. Absorbed carbohydrate molecules are used immediately for energy or stored in various forms in the muscles, liver or adipose tissue for future use.

Use of Dietary Carbohydrates as Energy Dietary carbohydrates include starches, sugars and fibre that are mostly found in grain products, vegetables and fruit, milk products, and meat alternatives such as nuts, seeds, and legumes 1, 2.

Muscles use glucose for energy, especially during high-intensity exercise. Absorption of Carbohydrates The end products of sugars and starches digestion are the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Absorption of Fructose There are two major pathways for the metabolism of fructose 5, 6 : the more prominent pathway is in the liver and the other occurs in skeletal muscle.

Examples of factors that affect carbohydrate absorption are described in the table below: Factors that Affect Carbohydrate Absorption Examples Cooking: Foods that are less cooked or processed are digested more slowly and have a lower GI than foods that are more cooked or processed.

Fibre: Fibre helps to slow digestion of carbohydrate foods. We observed an inverse association between the intake of added sugar and the daily intake of all nine micronutrients in both studies Table 2.

However, when analyzing men and women separately, iron intake in females and vitamin C intake in males showed nonsignificant linear trends in Riksmaten Adults Additional file 1 : Table S1 , and vitamin C intake in males showed a significant positive trend in the MDCS Additional file 1 : Table S2.

Micronutrient intake across the sugar groups for Riksmaten Adults participants. Mean intakes for men blue and women red from Riksmaten Adults are presented in relation to the dietary reference values average requirements and recommended intake.

AR: Average Requirements; RI: Recommended Intake. Micronutrient intake across the sugar groups for the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study participants. Mean intakes for men blue and women red from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study are presented in relation to the dietary reference values average requirements and recommended intake.

We observed that overall, micronutrient intakes in relation to the DRVs were lower in Riksmaten Adults than in the MDCS Fig. The percentage of participants from Riksmaten Adults below the AR was greatest in the group with the highest added sugar intake.

We observed significant negative associations between the intake of added sugar and the intake of micronutrients in two Swedish populations of adults. However, we were not able to ascertain a clear threshold of added sugar intake beyond which the decrease in micronutrient intake was remarkably enlarged.

In line with our study, previous studies around the world have found significant associations between the intake of added sugar and micronutrient dilution regardless of differences in methodologies and populations [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].

Similarly, in Australian children and adolescents, higher intakes of added sugars were associated with intakes of nutrient-poor energy-dense foods [ 14 ]. In South Africa, a study with older adults of mixed ancestry showed evidence of micronutrient dilution in both men and women with increasing sugar intake [ 13 ] and in elderly black women; their overall poor diet quality was partly explained by the displacement of micronutrients by added sugars in the diet [ 12 ].

This phenomenon has also been studied in a few Nordic populations, such as with children in Denmark, where a clear trend of declining micronutrient density was observed with increasing added sugar intake [ 16 ]. In Norway, a study of children at different stages of school years showed a negative association between added sugar intake and intakes of fiber and several micronutrients; in many cases, those in the highest quartile did not reach the micronutrient recommendations [ 17 ].

The only study based on a Swedish population was published in ; the authors examined sucrose intake the main sugar added to foods in Sweden of adults over the age of 20 who had participated in a dietary survey carried out between and This study revealed no decreases in nutrient intakes compared to the DRVs regardless of the sugar-intake group; the exception was iron intake, which was low for women in both the high and low sugar consumption groups.

The aforementioned study did not look for trends across sugar-intake groups [ 18 ]. Some reviews [ 9 , 10 ] have concluded that the evidence regarding this topic is inconclusive due to the differences in methodological approaches and the lack of consensus on the type of sugar measured and the micronutrients considered.

However, despite the differences in the populations and micronutrients selected, as well as differences in certain methodological aspects, the overall result of all these studies including our own was an inverse association between sugar intake and micronutrient intake, suggesting the existence of micronutrient dilution.

Some of the aforementioned studies expressed their results in terms of tertiles [ 12 , 13 ], quartiles [ 17 ] or quintiles [ 14 , 16 ] of added sugar intake, which makes it difficult to compare the results for the predefined intake groups found in our study to those of other studies.

Although several studies have already investigated the association between added sugar and micronutrient dilution, it is important to conduct analyses in different populations because of different food habits.

In addition, in some countries, sugary foods can be fortified with micronutrients, which might mask the association between added sugar intake and micronutrient dilution [ 30 ].

In Sweden, unhealthy foods are not commonly fortified, and therefore, there might be an even stronger association in our population.

A major strength of our study is that we used the same added sugar definition and the same nine micronutrients in two Swedish populations during different time periods, indicating a consistent relationship between added sugar and micronutrient dilution in the Swedish population.

The DRVs ARs and RIs used to establish adequate micronutrient intake levels were drawn from the NNR [ 3 ], a nutritional recommendation designed specifically for Nordic populations and Nordic dietary patterns. The use of these DRVs is also a strength of this study since the variation in diet between populations may lead to different recommendations for the intake of micronutrients based on food availability, food culture, and dietary preferences within the population [ 10 ].

Nonalcoholic energy intake was used based on our goal to explore the dietary composition associated with added sugar intake.

Alcoholic beverages are highly caloric and only minimally contribute to micronutrient or sugar intake.

The sample size for the MDCS was rather large, but it included participants only from the city of Malmö, in southern Sweden. Those who agreed to participate in Riksmaten Adults had a higher level of education and a slightly higher annual income than those who declined to participate [ 19 ], while participants and nonparticipants in the MDCS had a similar socioeconomic status.

Nonparticipants in both Riksmaten Adults and the MDCS were more likely to have been born outside of Sweden [ 19 , 22 , 23 ]. However, while the data pertaining to the MDCS are quite dated the data collection took place during the s , the data collected for Riksmaten Adults is the most recent available data sampling the total Swedish adult population — The age difference between the populations should be noted.

This study, however, fairly accurately reflected the dietary patterns of the Swedish population over the past two decades [ 19 , 22 , 23 ]. The dietary data were self-reported in both populations, which constitutes a challenge in nutritional epidemiology studies.

Misreporting is a well-known phenomenon within nutritional epidemiology and diet-related research [ 31 ] that we should, whenever possible, attempt to account for in the analysis.

Commonly, individuals tend to underreport less healthy foods and overreport healthier foods [ 25 ]. In our study, we had information regarding potential energy misreporting for the participants in the MDCS; however, such information was not available for the participants in Riksmaten Adults. In Riksmaten Adults, a 4-day food diary was used; in the MDCS, a combination of a food diary and a food frequency questionnaire FFQ was used.

One of the advantages of food diaries, as used in both populations 4-day web-based for Riksmaten Adults and 7-day food diary for the MDCS , is the diminished risk for recall bias as participants register their food intake on a meal-by-meal basis [ 19 ].

The FFQ used in the MDCS contained detailed questions regarding sugary foods, and the 7-day food diary asked about the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Thus, the validity of sugar intake was high compared to the reference method correlation coefficients for sucrose with the reference method: 0.

Overall, the validity of the dietary methods used in both studies published elsewhere for both Riksmaten Adults [ 32 ] and the MDCS [ 21 , 33 ] appears to be relatively high.

In conclusion, the observed inverse association between the intake of added sugar and the intake of micronutrients in the two populations studied supports the occurrence of micronutrient dilution.

Ultimately, these findings suggest that the higher the intake of added sugar in the diet, the more likely it is that the intake of micronutrients will be compromised.

These results complement previous literature in the field, supporting the claim that higher levels of added sugar intake may be associated with a lower intake of micronutrients. Although a significant negative trend was clear and consistent for all micronutrients studied, no specific threshold could be established to fit all the micronutrients under consideration to provide an evidence-based recommendation for added sugar intake.

Future studies are needed to clarify whether there is a threshold effect between added sugar intake and micronutrient dilution. MDCS: The dataset used and analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Riksmaten Adults: The data that support the findings of this study are available from Livsmedelsverket Swedish National Food Agency but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study and are not publicly available.

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Micronutrient dilution associated with added sugar intake in elderly black south African women. Eur J Clin Nutr. Charlton KE, Wolmarans P, Lombard J. Evidence of nutrient dilution with high sugar intakes in older south Africans. J Hum Nutr Diet. Louie JC, Tapsell LC. Intake of total and added sugars and nutrient dilution in Australian children and adolescents.

Moshtaghian H, Louie JC, Charlton KE, Probst YC, Gopinath B, Mitchell P, et al. Added sugar intake that exceeds current recommendations is associated with nutrient dilution in older Australians. Lyhne N, Ovesen L. Added sugars and nutrient density in the diet of Danish children.

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Design and feasibility. J Intern Med. Manjer J, Carlsson S, Elmstahl S, Gullberg B, Janzon L, Lindstrom M, et al. The Malmo diet and Cancer study: representativity, cancer incidence and mortality in participants and non-participants. Eur J Cancer Prev. Wirfalt E, Mattisson I, Johansson U, Gullberg B, Wallstrom P, Berglund G.

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A practical guide to its calculation, use and limitations. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Nybacka S, Berteus Forslund H, Wirfalt E, Larsson I, Ericson U, Warensjo Lemming E, et al. Comparison of a web-based food record tool and a food-frequency questionnaire and objective validation using the doubly labelled water technique in a Swedish middle-aged population.

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Download references. We would like to thank the participants of the MDCS and Riksmaten Adults and the researchers involved in the data collection.

This research was funded by the Heart and Lung Foundation, grant number ; the Swedish Research Council, grant number —; and the Påhlsson Foundation.

The APC was funded by the Swedish Research Council. Open access funding provided by Lund University. Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

Carbohydrates are the body's Optimizing post-workout recovery important and readily available source of energy. They're a necessary part of nuyrient healthy diet for sbsorption kids Qbsorption adults. Ntrient Sugar consumption and nutrient absorption does the body process carbs and sugar? All carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, which are absorbed into the bloodstream. As the sugar level rises, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin, which is needed to move sugar from the blood into the cells, where the sugar can be used as energy.

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How will I know if I'm not absorbing nutrients well? Metrics details. The evidence on Recovery for couples impact asorption high sugar consumption Sugar consumption and nutrient absorption micronutrient dilution does not Subar allow for Sugar consumption and nutrient absorption establishment of clear thresholds of consumption. To establish abeorption and lower limit intake thresholds conskmption added sugar, nutriemt studies from different countries and multiple populations are needed. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the intakes of added sugar and various micronutrients among the adult Swedish population across almost two decades. We observed significant inverse associations between the intake of added sugar and the intake of all micronutrients in both populations. The associations were linear; however, we could not determine the threshold of added sugar intake beyond which the micronutrient intake was clearly compromised.