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Nutriitonal A Nutritiohal can, in deficiencles cases, result in visual impairment or blindness. In moderate deficidncies, this is limited to night blindness, but in deficuencies cases, it can Herbal remedies for wellness permanent.
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The prevalence of night blindness in most countries is low. However, several countries across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia record much higher rates.
In the map, we see the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in children under the age of 5, during the period from to Prevalence rates are typically highest across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia — over half of children in many countries in these regions are deficient.
Bythe prevalence across Central Europe and Latin America is lower than in Africa and Asia, but still with a sizeable share of children deficient for vitamin A.
In the map, we see the prevalence of night blindness in children younger than 5 years old over the period — The prevalence of night blindness is under 1 percent in many countries, but is much higher in some countries in central Africa and central Asia.
Zinc is an essential nutrient for the immune system, and is used to make DNA and protein in our body. It is found in whole grains, beans, fortified cereals, meat, fish, poultry, and seafood. Zinc is needed for growth and recovery, and deficiencies can therefore stunt growth, increase susceptibility to disease and infection, and impair recovery, and is associated with higher mortality in mothers and newborns.
Zinc deficiency can have several negative health consequences that affect many parts of the body, including the central nervous system, the skeleton, the digestive system, the immune system, and other systems.
Globally, zinc deficiency is very common — particularly in lower-income countries where diets are cereal-dominant and typically lower in protein. Zinc deficiency is prevalent in men, women, and children — in contrast to anemia, which is much more common in women. In the chart below, we see the prevalence of zinc deficiency across the whole population.
In many high-income countries, under ten percent of the population have zinc deficiency. Across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the prevalence is much higher, with a sizable share of the population in many countries being deficient. Since there are a range of micronutrient deficiencies and nutritional outcomes we can measure, it is difficult to distill the severity of micro-malnutrition into a single measure.
One metric that has been developed to indicate the severity of this is the Global Hidden Hunger Index GHHI. Note that the terms 'hidden hunger' and 'micronutrient deficiency' are often used interchangeably.
The GHHI is most commonly used to assess the nutritional status of preschool children under the age of five.
The GHHI is calculated as the average of three nutritional indicators in preschool children: the prevalence of stunting children who are too short for their ageanemia, and vitamin A deficiency. In the map, we see national GHHI values during the period between and The remaining countries in these regions typically fall within the 'moderate-to-severe' range.
If micronutrient requirements cannot be met through dietary intake alone — for example, if households do not have access to, or cannot afford, the dietary diversity required to meet micronutrient requirements — then three other strategies can be used to address deficiencies.
These are supplementation, food fortification, and biofortification. As covered earlier in this topic page, children under the age of 5 are typically the most vulnerable to vitamin A deficiency.
Many countries try to tackle this issue by providing vitamin A supplements to children, in the form of high-dose capsules several times per year.
In the map, we see the coverage rate of vitamin A supplementation in children aged between 6 months and 5 years. Vitamin A supplementation is defined as being sufficient if a child receives at least two high-dose capsules per year.
Vitamin A supplementation is relatively common in many countries in Africa and South Asia, although some countries still have low rates of supplementation. Iodine deficiency is a major cause of preventable brain damage in childhood.
It can result in stillbirths and the deaths of young infants, mental disability, and thyroid impairments. In the mids, the world committed to ending global iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency results from diets low in iodine, which is more common in places where soils have low iodine content, which reduces iodine concentrations in crops generally.
Iodine deficiency is therefore hard to address simply through dietary diversification. The global solution to addressing deficiency has been through Universal Salt Iodization USI programs.
Salt is used as a delivery device for iodine for several reasons: it is widely consumed and has little seasonal variation, it is typically distributed from a few centralized production centers, it has little impact on the taste or texture of foods, and it is cheap.
Since the WHO and UNICEF recommended Universal Salt Iodization to address iodine deficiency, the world has made significant progress. Many countries have eliminated iodine deficiency as a public health issue. But in some poor countries countries, iodine deficiency remains a health challenge.
In the map, we see the share of households consuming iodized salt from Overall, we see that in many countries, a large share of the population consumes iodized salt.
Micronutrient deficiency can exacerbate existing diseases and illnesses, such as diarrheal diseases. Around half a million children die annually from diarrheal diseases, which is more severe in children who are malnourished. Malnutrition can exacerbate the risk of death from diarrhea.
In addition, diarrhea affects the ability of children to retain and use nutrients sufficiently, which increases the requirements for nutrient intake. Treating diarrheal disease is therefore an important global health issue.
The map below shows the share of children under the age of 5 who received diarrheal treatment in the form of oral rehydration salts.
Micronutrient-rich foods include fruit and vegetables, meat and dairy, pulses, seafood, nuts and seeds. In contrast, cereal, root, and tuber commodities tend to be energy-dense but are micronutrient-poor.
In the chart, you can see the hidden hunger index in children versus the share of dietary energy attained through the consumption of cereals, roots, and tubers. Overall, we see that countries where diets are higher in micronutrient-poor cereals also tend to have higher levels of micronutrient deficiency.
The chart shows the Hidden Hunger Index in preschool children versus gross domestic product GDP per capita, measured in constant international dollars. Overall, we see that countries with lower GDP per capita experience more severe deficiency and malnutrition issues in children.
This is also true of other deficiency measures such as the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age. Why is micronutrient deficiency more prominent among people of lower incomes?
Since cereals tend to be less expensive than other food commodities, poorer households tend to have a more monotonous and energy-dense diet that is lacking in the dietary diversity required to meet micronutrient requirements.
In contrast, richer households are more able to afford a diverse range of micronutrient-rich foods to supplement staple food items. Read more:. A healthy, nutritious diet is much more expensive than a calorie sufficient one. As a result, three billion people cannot afford a healthy diet.
Stevens, G. Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: A pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys.
: Nutritional deficiencies| "...all doctors should be able to diagnose and treat nutritional deficiencies." | Adding magnesium-rich foods to your diet can ensure that your body stays healthy. Accept All Reject All Show Purposes. The Causes of Nutritional Deficiency Nutritional deficiencies are usually caused by a poor diet or something that impairs nutrient absorption, such as a disease or medication. Easy bruising and bleeding can happen due to problems with blood clotting, poor healing, or collagen formation. The global solution to addressing deficiency has been through Universal Salt Iodization USI programs. Vegans should consider a supplement or eat fortified foods to get the right amount of B in their diet. |
| Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking | In more serious cases, anemia can exacerbate disease and illness. It is also responsible for a considerable share of maternal deaths. In the chart, we see the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women. Globally, around a third of pregnant women worldwide are anemic. Rates are particularly high across South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In the chart, we see the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age. In the chart, we see the prevalence of anemia in children under the age of five. Globally, around four-in-ten children have anemia. Vitamin A is a key nutrient for the development of embryos during pregnancy, the development of the immune system, and vision. It is found in many foods including green leafy vegetables, yellow vegetables and fruits, dairy products, fish, and eggs. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children globally. Vitamin A deficiency also exacerbates serious disease and illness, leading to increased rates of maternal and childhood mortality. In the map, we see the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women, during the period from to Data collection on micronutrient deficiencies is often sporadic and less consistent than indicators of energy-protein malnutrition — time-series data for most countries is therefore unavailable. Prevalence rates are typically highest across Africa and Asia. The prevalence across Central Europe and Latin America is much lower, with a small share of pregnant women estimated to be deficient. Vitamin A deficiency can, in some cases, result in visual impairment or blindness. In moderate form, this is limited to night blindness, but in severe cases, it can become permanent. In the map, we see the prevalence of night blindness in pregnant women. Compared to the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, these figures are lower — not all cases of deficiency result in night blindness. The prevalence of night blindness in most countries is low. However, several countries across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia record much higher rates. In the map, we see the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in children under the age of 5, during the period from to Prevalence rates are typically highest across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia — over half of children in many countries in these regions are deficient. By , the prevalence across Central Europe and Latin America is lower than in Africa and Asia, but still with a sizeable share of children deficient for vitamin A. In the map, we see the prevalence of night blindness in children younger than 5 years old over the period — The prevalence of night blindness is under 1 percent in many countries, but is much higher in some countries in central Africa and central Asia. Zinc is an essential nutrient for the immune system, and is used to make DNA and protein in our body. It is found in whole grains, beans, fortified cereals, meat, fish, poultry, and seafood. Zinc is needed for growth and recovery, and deficiencies can therefore stunt growth, increase susceptibility to disease and infection, and impair recovery, and is associated with higher mortality in mothers and newborns. Zinc deficiency can have several negative health consequences that affect many parts of the body, including the central nervous system, the skeleton, the digestive system, the immune system, and other systems. Globally, zinc deficiency is very common — particularly in lower-income countries where diets are cereal-dominant and typically lower in protein. Zinc deficiency is prevalent in men, women, and children — in contrast to anemia, which is much more common in women. In the chart below, we see the prevalence of zinc deficiency across the whole population. In many high-income countries, under ten percent of the population have zinc deficiency. Across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the prevalence is much higher, with a sizable share of the population in many countries being deficient. Since there are a range of micronutrient deficiencies and nutritional outcomes we can measure, it is difficult to distill the severity of micro-malnutrition into a single measure. One metric that has been developed to indicate the severity of this is the Global Hidden Hunger Index GHHI. Note that the terms 'hidden hunger' and 'micronutrient deficiency' are often used interchangeably. The GHHI is most commonly used to assess the nutritional status of preschool children under the age of five. The GHHI is calculated as the average of three nutritional indicators in preschool children: the prevalence of stunting children who are too short for their age , anemia, and vitamin A deficiency. In the map, we see national GHHI values during the period between and The remaining countries in these regions typically fall within the 'moderate-to-severe' range. If micronutrient requirements cannot be met through dietary intake alone — for example, if households do not have access to, or cannot afford, the dietary diversity required to meet micronutrient requirements — then three other strategies can be used to address deficiencies. These are supplementation, food fortification, and biofortification. As covered earlier in this topic page, children under the age of 5 are typically the most vulnerable to vitamin A deficiency. Many countries try to tackle this issue by providing vitamin A supplements to children, in the form of high-dose capsules several times per year. In the map, we see the coverage rate of vitamin A supplementation in children aged between 6 months and 5 years. Vitamin D is found in foods such as seafood, eggs, and dairy products. But sunlight is also an important source of vitamin D. And lack of sun exposure can result in vitamin D deficiency. In geographic regions that have a cold climate, this is fairly common during the winter,. A number of medical problems make it hard to properly absorb and metabolize vitamins. This can lead to vitamin deficiencies. Common medical causes of vitamin deficiency include:. Pernicious anemia is a type of autoimmune disease that affects the small intestine, decreasing absorption of vitamin B This results in an insufficient amount of healthy red blood cells. Some vitamin deficiencies cause more than one symptom, and some symptoms like sleepiness can occur as a result of a few different vitamin deficiencies. Because symptoms do not always clearly correlate with the specific vitamin deficiency, diagnostic testing is the only way to confirm a vitamin deficiency. The diagnosis of vitamin deficiencies can take some time. That is because it is not routine to test for vitamin levels. Your healthcare provider may consider testing if you have symptoms or if your physical examination identifies issues like bruises, wounds, skin discoloration, and neuropathy. Neuropathy is a condition in which nerve function is impaired. It is associated with a lack of vitamin B It can cause you to have decreased sensation, diminished reflexes, and muscle weakness. Very early neuropathy might not cause these changes, but an electromyography EMG or nerve conduction study NCV can often detect early stages of neuropathy that have not yet caused signs or symptoms. Blood tests can show signs of vitamin deficiency and can be used to measure your vitamin levels. A complete blood count is the most common screening test. A low red blood cell count or a pattern of enlarged red blood cells megaloblastic anemia is a common sign of vitamin B12 deficiency. In some instances, your vitamin levels may be measured with a blood test. Vitamins that can be measured with a blood test include folate vitamin B9 , vitamin D, and vitamin B If there is a concern that you could have a digestive problem causing vitamin malabsorption, your healthcare provider may order a test to examine the internal appearance of your stomach or intestines. An endoscopy is used to examine the appearance of your stomach and the upper portion of your small intestine using a camera that is inserted down your throat. A colonoscopy is used to examine the internal appearance of your large intestine using a camera that is inserted into the rectum. These tests can be uncomfortable, so they are done with an anesthetic medication. Your healthcare provider can identify problems such as Crohn's disease and some types of malabsorptive syndromes with these interventional examinations. Treatment for vitamin deficiency involves vitamin replacement. If a medical condition is the cause of your vitamin deficiency, then treatment of that condition is necessary as well. In many instances, even if a medical condition is contributing to your vitamin deficiency, long term dietary changes can help correct and prevent the deficiency from worsening. You can learn which foods contain the vitamins you need so that you can pay attention to getting an adequate amount of these vitamins. You may benefit from meeting with a dietitian, who can help you identify which foods you could consider including in your diet. You may also need help with creating a healthy meal plan. There are several ways to make sure that you get adequate vitamins. Vitamin supplements can be an option. You may be given a recommendation for an over-the-counter OTC or prescription supplement. Sometimes when there is a problem with absorption, supplements such as vitamin B12 need to be injected instead of taken orally. Nutritional supplements aren't safe for everyone. They may have side effects, negative effects on medical conditions, dangerous interactions with medications, or unwanted effects during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Always talk to your healthcare provider about a supplement before you start taking it. If you have a medical condition such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease, you will benefit from getting treated for that condition. There are a number of medical and surgical treatments for gastrointestinal conditions. Some illnesses, such as liver failure, may not be treatable at late stages. Long-term injected vitamin supplementation may be necessary. A healthy and varied diet is an important part of good health. Generally speaking, supplements are no substitute for good nutrition. Be sure to discuss any supplement use with your healthcare provider—they can help counsel you on appropriate use and dosage. National Institutes of Health, U. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Nowak A, Boesch L, Andres E, et al. Effect of vitamin D3 on self-perceived fatigue: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial [published correction appears in Medicine Baltimore. Medicine Baltimore. Tardy AL, Pouteau E, Marquez D, Yilmaz C, Scholey A. Vitamins and minerals for energy, fatigue and cognition: A narrative review of the biochemical and clinical evidence. Published Jan Folate-deficiency anemia. VanBuren CA, Everts HB. Vitamin A in skin and hair: An update. Published Jul Rembe JD, Fromm-Dornieden C, Stuermer EK. Effects of vitamin B complex and vitamin C on human skin cells: is the perceived effect measurable? Adv Skin Wound Care. Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Umar M, Sastry KS, Al Ali F, Al-Khulaifi M, Wang E, Chouchane A. Vitamin D and the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. Oregon State University, Linus Pauling Institute: Micronutrient Information Center. Vitamin A and skin health. Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. The effects of vitamin B in depression. Curr Med Chem. Pullar JM, Carr AC, Bozonet SM, Vissers MCM. High vitamin C status is associated with elevated mood in male tertiary students. Antioxidants Basel. Xie F, Huang T, Lou D, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence and prognosis of depression: An updated meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health. Published Aug 1. Galimberti F, Mesinkovska NA. Skin findings associated with nutritional deficiencies. Cleve Clin J Med. Some people may also require daily supplements to meet their nutritional needs. Patients who complete bariatric surgery also usually require daily supplements. Work with a doctor or nutritionist post-surgery to determine your supplement needs. Borland and his compassionate team are ready to help. Check out our resources to learn more about weight loss surgery, then contact the office to schedule an initial consultation. From losing weight and avoiding nutritional deficiencies to becoming a healthier you, we are committed to supporting you every step of the way. Read time: 4 minutes TL;DR Your body needs a variety of vitamins and minerals to function properly. Nutritional deficiencies can also result from your body not being able to absorb nutrients properly. Weight loss surgery restricts the amount of food you can eat, making it harder to consume enough essential nutrients. |
| Vitamin deficiency anemia | Published Aug 1. Defkciencies 2, Written By Nutritional deficiencies Petre. A Nutritiona for Teens Are You Nutritional deficiencies Workaholic? At necropsy, fractures often can be demonstrated in the femur, humerus or lumbar vertebrae. Micronutrient-rich foods include fruit and vegetables, meat and dairy, pulses, seafood, nuts and seeds. Taking B12 supplements will bring back and maintain proper B12 levels. |
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