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Energy Storage: Battery Materials and Zinc BatteriesChitosan for energy -
Unlike, the inflammatory response can be observed for the fast degradation of CHI causing the formation of amino saccharide. Moreover, the high degree of deacylation enhances the antimicrobial activity of the CHI The antimicrobial activity of the deacylated CHI in response to the pathogens was described in-vivo at pH 7.
This feature of the deacylated CHI minimizes the risk of infections in case any contamination happens while the implantation. Furthermore, CHI is an ideal biopolymer for the synthesis of a composite as it provides multiple functional moieties on its backbone for an easy covalent or physically adsorbed attachment of the conducting composite material.
Polyaniline PAni is among the most researched conducting polymer on account of its facile synthesis, inexpensive, high stability of the environment, adjustable conductivity via doping, presence of functional moieties, and electrochemical stability 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , But its potential applications are limited because of its poor solubility in most of the organic solvents and inferior mechanical properties 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , These problems have been minimized in various ways.
For example, PAni-CHI composites have been explored for several applications such as sensors and biofuel cells 49 , The composites of PAni with CHI are proved to improve the stability, mechanical properties and other important properties of the conducting polymers 52 , 53 , Though, these improvements are achieved at the cost of good electrical conductivity.
At the same time, the integration of reduced graphene oxide rGO in PAni has also gained the attention of many scientists 55 , 56 , This is owing to the likeness in a conjugated electronic structure and intrinsic electroactivity of both the materials.
Besides, rGO possesses a large surface area, good flexibility, high mechanical strength, and outstanding electrical conductivity. The sheet-like structure of rGO offers it as an ideal filler for polymers. The functional groups in rGO like carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxy, and carbonyl support its distribution in a matrix of the polymer through π-π stacking, electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonding interfacial interactions.
The small amount of rGO has the potential to enhance the whole properties of its composite material. rGO-PAni composites have been employed for corrosion protection, supercapacitors, sensors, and biofuel cells 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , In this research, a ternary composite was synthesized by grafting rGO-PAni on CHI.
The useful features of CHI, PAni, and rGO were combined in the ternary composite to the already studied CHI-PAni, CHI-rGO and rGO-PAni 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , Therefore, the excellent individual properties of CHI, rGO, and PAni such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, electrical conductivity, electrochemical activity, mechanical strength, friendly microenvironment to the enzyme, and large surface area to volume ratio are all considered in CHI rGO-PAni ternary composite which can be potentially utilized for EFCs application as shown in Fig.
Schematic presentation of interaction among various component of the composite with the attachment of Frt and GOx. Hydrazine hydrate N 2 H 4. H 2 O , sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 , ammonium peroxy-di-sulfate APS , 5-sulfosalicylic acid SSA , and potassium permanganate KMnO 4 were received from Merck chemicals, India.
Sodium nitrate NaNO 3 , hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , aniline and ortho-phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 were procured from Fisher Scientific, India. Phosphate buffer saline PBS pH 7. Double distilled water DDW was utilized throughout the investigations.
All the materials were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS experiments were recorded in a 0. The ultrasonicator was used for the partial cleaning of the electrode with ethanol.
All the experiments were conducted at room temperature. The obtained GO was reduced by NH 2 NH 2. To this suspension, NH 2 NH 2. A solution of APS 5. This solution was added dropwise into the mixture of rGO and aniline. After some time, the resulting solution turned into blackish-green in color, which is an indication of the formation of emeraldine salt of polyaniline.
The precipitate obtained was carefully washed with EtOH and H 2 O constantly until a clear solution was obtained. A solution was prepared by dissolving 0. Figure 1 displays the mechanism of the composite formation in which the rGO sheets interact with the SSA doped PAni.
The interaction of rGO and doped PAni occurred via hydrogen bond between phenolic OH and PAni radical protonated by SSA. These interactions clutch the rGO sheets and PAni matrix together. However, the stronger bonds are the ones formed by electrostatic interactions originating from protonated N and lone pairs on OH group.
The π-π stacking between the PAni and rGO rings further stabilizes the complex structure of the composite. Further, the rGO-PAni composite interacts with the protonated CHI via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction that makes the huge structure of ternary composite stable.
Further, the surface of the electrodes was cleaned by CV in 1. The CHI rGO-PAni dispersion was loaded on four GC electrodes with an amount of 4. The CVs were taken for the sake of optimization. It was found that the electrode with 8. The CHI rGO-PAni modified three GC electrodes were altered with different amounts of Frt 2.
It was observed from a CV curve that the electrode with 4. In the same manner, GOx solution A fibrillar matrix of short granular structures can be seen in Fig. However, in the case of CHI rGO-PAni, a granular matrix having an uneven distribution of pores can be seen which confirmed the disappearance of fibrous features when rGO-PAni was ultrasonicated in the solution of CHI.
Interestingly, a porous structure can be observed in Fig. However, Fig. Besides, the porous structure allows the movement of the fuel towards the surface of the electrode for the redox reaction to occur.
The FTIR spectra of CHI, rGO-PAni and CHI rGO-PAni composites are exhibited in Fig. The important peaks of these composites are mentioned in Table 1. All the characteristic peaks of PAni-rGO and CHI are visible in the FTIR spectrum of a ternary composite. Though, the little shift was observed which might be due to the hydrogen bond among the components of the ternary composite As the previous chemical and electrochemical researches on Frt have shown that the proteinaceous casing may behave as an electron conductor and mineralized core enhances the electronic conductivity of protein 26 , A pair of quasi-reversible redox peaks were observed on curves b and c.
However, the adding of glucose in PBS triggered the much magnification in the current response up to 3. The pair of redox peaks appeared due to the conversion of the cofactor of GOx, i. This suggests that the redox reaction occurring at the modified electrode surface was intervened with the redox mediator Frt, and the required conducting platform was offered by the conducting CHI rGO-PAni nanocomposite.
Despite, with the help of Frt, the conducting properties and the suitable capacitive behavior of the nanocomposite concurrently brought the efficient electron transfer from the profoundly seated redox-active cofactor of GOx at the interface of electrode and electrolyte 33 , 46 , These findings demonstrate that the as-prepared nanocomposite assists the beneficial immobilization of the GOx because of the high surface area, excellent electrocatalytic activity, and the suitable microenvironment provided by the rGO-PAni grafted on CHI.
Hence, it is confirmed that the fabricated bioanode is a potential candidate to be employed in the construction of glucose-based EFCs. Figure 6 shows that the response of peak currents gradually amplified with the increasing sweep rate along with the shifting of oxidation and reduction peaks in the right positive and left negative direction, respectively.
The CVs in a broad spectrum of scan rates evident the significant electrochemical behavior of the developed bioanode. Cyclic voltammograms in 0. scan rate. The relation of redox peak potentials with the Napierian logarithm of the scan rates was analyzed to evaluate electrochemical parameters by utilizing the equations given below 79 :.
Where E f is the formal potential, α is the charge transfer coefficient of the system, v is the scan rate, n is the number of electron transfer, k s is the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, T , R , and F have their usual meanings.
The n and α were calculated to be 1. It was calculated to be 3. EIS is a powerful technique for the investigation of impedance changes occuring during the redox reaction.
The modified surface of the electrodes was characterized by EIS to analyze the electronic transfer properties of the composite materials at the interface of electrode and electrolyte The Nyquist plots displayed a semi-circle region with different diameters and a linear region, as shown in Fig.
The semi-circle region observed at larger frequencies indicates the electron transfer limited process and the linear region at smaller frequencies designates the diffusion process. The resistance to electron transfer Ret at the surface of the electrode can be computed through the semi-circle diameter.
These results approve the idea that the nanocomposite can be employed to promote the electron transfer. The Ret of the rGO-PAni is lesser than the CHI rGO-PAni, indicating the rGO-PAni grafted CHI could hinder the transfer of electron to some extent. When the ternary composite CHI rGO-PAni was modified by Frt and GOx, Ret increased which indicated the successful adsorption of GOx and Frt.
Hence, the catalytic current remains constant over time with the addition of more amount of glucose. A LSV curves at various concentration of glucose in 0.
glucose concentration. The current response obtained from the modified anode versus the various glucose concentrations is plotted in Fig. The current density amplified from 2. The saturation in current density accomplished by the ternary nanocomposite modified electrode is comparable with the other previously tested anodes as shown in Table 2.
Hence, this research broadens the outlook of the real-world application to develop enzyme-catalyzed high-performance EFCs. Besides, the high surface area of the nanocomposite offered a large number of active sites to hold more biocatalysts.
The synthesized CHI rGO-PAni biocomposite was used to construct a bioanode for glucose-based EFCs application showed good electrochemical properties along with substantial stability due to the collaborative effects among CHI, PAni, and rGO.
The mediator Frt possessing the redox activity smoothed the movement of the electrons between the profoundly seated GOx active sites and the electrode surface. To ensure the mediated electrocatalytic activity, CV was performed and the resulting voltammograms suggest that the immobilized enzyme showed good bioelectrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation.
The prepared bioanode proved capable of generating a maximum current 3. The improvement of the performance was due to the porosity and large surface area of the anode material permitting higher loading of active enzymes and ease of fuel diffusion through the CHI rGO-PAni customized electrode.
The involvement of CHI enriches the biocompatibility of the prepared electrode which is beneficial for implantable EFCs. This study explained the potential of the prepared anode for the possible development of improved EFC performance.
Future work will focus on the maximum utilization of the CHI along with conducting material to enhance long-term stability accompanying high electron transfer efficiency.
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Carbon N. Y 50 , — Jafari, Y. An excessively high level of water uptake increases the fragility of the membrane and makes it less durable in fuel cells. To overcome the disadvantage of loss in mechanical strength in the wet state, chitosan is blended with tough polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone PVP [ 96 ].
Mat, et al. fabricated a polymer electrolyte composite membrane that comprises of chitosan, PVA and calcium oxide CaO. These results indicate that chitosan-PVA-CaO composite membranes have excellent methanol barrier properties which in turn make them feasible for DMFC applications [ 3 ].
An electrode in a polymer electrolyte-based fuel cell usually consists of supported or unsupported catalyst with or without binder loaded on an electrode substrate or a gas diffusion layer. Polymeric materials are often employed as binder to bond catalyst particles and also provide ionic conduction [ 5 ].
Nafion material is also used as electrode binder which facilitates ionic conduction that provides mechanical support for catalyst particles and enhances dispersion of catalyst particles in the catalyst layer. Nafion possesses many desirable properties as a polymer electrolyte, and yet it is very expensive and loses ionic conductivity if not sufficiently hydrated [ 5 ].
The chitosan binder exhibited better performance than a Nafion binder especially at elevated cell temperatures, ascribed to the hydrophilic nature and water retention characteristics of chitosan.
In addition, the amount of required chitosan binder for making electrode is much less than that of Nafion binder [ 97 ]. Klotzbach et al. modified chitosan with butanal, hexanal, octanal or decanal aldehydes to prepare a biocompatible and biodegradable hydrophobic chitosan membrane that can replace Nafion for electrode coatings in both sensor and fuel cell applications [ 98 , 99 ].
Functionalization of carbon nanotube by chitosan introduces positively charged functional groups on the surface of carbon nanotube which serves as a medium to stabilize and anchor metal nanoparticles through electrostatic self-assembly and also provides proton path for methanol electrooxidation reactions [ ].
Wang et al. To develop a stable enzymatic biofuel cell, a matrix for enzyme immobilization is critical to retain the activity of enzyme in a long period [ ]. Carboxyl and amine side groups of chitosan can serve as protein-binding ligands for enzyme immobilization [ — ].
Three-dimensional electrodes possessing multidimensional and multidirectional pore structures are possible solution to improve performance of a biofuel cell.
Chitosan scaffold was used to fabricate enzymatic electrode that oxidizes glucose and produce electrical current more effectively than the same electrode made of a chitosan film [ ]. The large pore size of chitosan scaffold enables it to support bacterial colonization of internal pores without increasing flow resistance [ ].
Fuel cells are often regarded as one of the advanced energy technologies for the future. However, commercialization of fuel cells is still a subject of the ongoing research.
The development of PEMFC power system has been accelerated for vehicular and home-use applications. Pure hydrogen fuel appears likely to be the appropriate choice for vehicle applications.
Although fuel cell technology has matured substantially over the past decades, special attention has to be given to composite techniques in developing electrolyte membrane since these techniques have proven their effectiveness.
It is necessary to develop alternative membranes that have high ionic conductivity and have sufficient mechanical strength and chemical stability to be made as thin as possible.
Recently, many efforts have been made in utilization of chitosan with improved properties for being used as a polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode in fuel cells. These chitosan based membranes generally do not offer significant advantages over traditional Nafion membrane as far as proton conductivity is concerned and as a result the corresponding power density of related fuel cells is also lower than Nafion-based ones.
The intrinsic ionic conductivity of chitosan-based membrane, therefore, needs to be further improved for fuel cell application. The mechanical strength and shelf life of chitosan also need further enhancements which have not been given extensive attention to date.
Efforts have been made to improve properties of chitosan membrane, including chemical modification such as sulfonation, phosphorylation, quaternization and formation of chitosan composite.
These methods improve some properties of chitosan with or without sacrificing the others. Application of chitosan composite membranes has been proved to be effective approach in reducing their cost as well as improving their operating reliability.
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Department of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri. HV, HJM, AB and NA have contributed mainly to the study of application of chitosan in fuel cells, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.
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Search all SpringerOpen articles Search. Download PDF. Download ePub. Abstract Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
Introduction The extensive use of fossil fuels has resulted to severe pollutant emissions, including SO x , NO x , CO, and particulates which pose severe threat to the health of human beings [ 1 ].
Fuel cells Fuel cells-relevance and importance Fuel cells are environmental friendly devices for energy conversion, power generation, and one of the most promising candidates as zero-emission power sources [ 2 ].
Fuel cells classification and engineering Fuel cells are generally characterized by the type of electrolyte material. Figure 1. Full size image. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Table 1 Alternative polymer membranes used in fuel cell Full size table. Table 2 Anion exchange membranes used in AFCs [ 9 ] Full size table.
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A Chirosan vapor Broccoli and chickpea recipes WVC made of chitosan-based film has enrrgy successfully generated electrical Cgitosan Chitosan for energy directly interacted Broccoli and chickpea recipes water vapor. The chitosan concentration in film was Enhances mental quickness from 0 to 4. The highest electrical energy was This electrical energy generation was due to the chemical interaction of hydrogen bonding that occurs between water vapor molecules and amine groups NH 2 of chitosan film as proven by FTIR analysis. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Rent this article via DeepDyve.IMT Mines Albi IMT Mines Albi enegry Broccoli and chickpea recipes in order to contact the contributor. Documentation EN French FR. Sign in. Search Loading Author Author multi-criteria Author Glycemic index foods Chitosan for energy Full name Author: Last name Author: First name Author: middle name Author: foor institution Author: Fro string Author: Cbitosan Author: personID integer Author: Chiyosan institution identifier Author: Structure identifier Fat burners for fat oxidation director Endrgy Scientific editor Series editor Add.
Eneryg Chitosan for energy SolR syntax. Search using Energgy syntax Run the search. Riboflavin and energy metabolism la recherche avancée. Journal Articles Waste and Biomass Valorization Year : Chitin and Chitosan Based Composites for Energy Broccoli and chickpea recipes Environmental Cjitosan A Review.
Chitsoan Peter 1, 2Broccoli and chickpea recipes Lyczko 1Chitosam Gopakumar 1, Broccoli and chickpea recipesHanna Maria 2 Riboflavin and energy metabolism, Chitoaan Nzihou 1Sabu Thomas 2. Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam - India Chltosan Gandhi University [Kerala] Natural energy-enhancing remedies Gandhi University, Broccoli and chickpea recipes Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India Riboflavin and energy metabolism - India Sherin Peter Function : Author PersonId : Enwrgy : sherin-peter ORCID : IdRef : Centre de recherche Chjtosan en génie des procédés des ffor divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement.
Mahatma Gandhi Chhitosan. Nathalie Lyczko Function : Author PersonId Broccoli and chickpea recipes IdHAL : nathalie-lyczko ORCID : IdRef : Centre Chitossn recherche d'Albi enerby génie des procédés Broccoli and chickpea recipes solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement.
Deepu Gopakumar Function : Author Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement.
Mahatma Gandhi University [Kerala]. Hanna Maria Function : Author Mahatma Gandhi University. Ange Nzihou Function : Author PersonId : IdHAL : ange-nzihou ORCID : IdRef : Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement.
Sabu Thomas Function : Author PersonId : ORCID : IdRef : Mahatma Gandhi University. Abstract en. Chitin and chitosan are the second most abundant natural biopolymers in the curst of the earth. These polysaccharide biopolymers have a long linear chain-like structure connected with β-d glucosidic linkage with the functionalizable surface groups.
Because of the structural features, these biomaterials exhibit unique physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties, which contributed to the tunable and outstanding properties such as low density, high porosity, renewability, natural biodegradability, and environmental friendliness, etc.
Chitin was synthesized via mechanical, chemical, chemo-mechanical, and eco-friendly biological methods and the deacetylation of the synthesized chitin carried for the preparation of chitosan.
With the chemical modification used for the preparation of chitosan, there occurs some minor change in characteristics; however, most of the properties were relatable due to major similarities in the microstructures.
The inherent antibacterial, non-toxic, and biodegradable properties with the ease of processibility of both polymer has the potential to become a successful alternative to its synthetic counterparts for energy and environmental applications.
However, the poor mechanical and thermal properties in comparison to the conventional alternatives have restricted its widespread applications.
This review addresses various areas such as extraction techniques of chitin and synthesis of chitosan, discussion of the common characteristics of both polymers together such as crystallinity, thermal properties, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and surface charge.
Moreover, this review paper also addresses the common functionalization techniques for both polymer and the use of both unmodified chitin and chitosan along with their derivatives in environmental and energy applications such as air pollution, heavy metal adsorption, dye adsorption, biosensors, EMI shielding, fuel cell, solar cell, lithium-ion batteries, and biofuels.
Keywords en. Chitin Chitosan Extraction Functionalization Energy applications Environmental applications. Domains Engineering Sciences [physics]. Files and preview Fichier principal. Origin : Files produced by the author s.
Cited literature Loading Dates and versions halversion 1 HAL Id : halversion 1 DOI : Sherin Peter, Nathalie Lyczko, Deepu Gopakumar, Hanna Maria, Ange Nzihou, et al. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 12, pp. Export BibTeX XML-TEI Dublin Core DC Terms EndNote DataCite.
Collections INSTITUT-TELECOM MINES-ALBI CNRS RAPSODEE. Share Gmail Facebook X LinkedIn More.
: Chitosan for energy| What is the real value of chitosan's surface energy? | The inherent antibacterial, non-toxic, and biodegradable properties with the ease of processibility of both polymer has the potential to become a successful alternative to its synthetic counterparts for energy and environmental applications. However, the poor mechanical and thermal properties in comparison to the conventional alternatives have restricted its widespread applications. This review addresses various areas such as extraction techniques of chitin and synthesis of chitosan, discussion of the common characteristics of both polymers together such as crystallinity, thermal properties, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and surface charge. Moreover, this review paper also addresses the common functionalization techniques for both polymer and the use of both unmodified chitin and chitosan along with their derivatives in environmental and energy applications such as air pollution, heavy metal adsorption, dye adsorption, biosensors, EMI shielding, fuel cell, solar cell, lithium-ion batteries, and biofuels. Keywords en. Chitin Chitosan Extraction Functionalization Energy applications Environmental applications. Domains Engineering Sciences [physics]. Files and preview Fichier principal. Origin : Files produced by the author s. Cited literature Loading Dates and versions hal , version 1 HAL Id : hal , version 1 DOI : Sherin Peter, Nathalie Lyczko, Deepu Gopakumar, Hanna Maria, Ange Nzihou, et al.. Waste and Biomass Valorization , , 12, pp. Kumar, N. Polyaniline-grafted reduced graphene oxide for efficient electrochemical supercapacitors. ACS Nano 6 , — Stankovich, S. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature , — Li, R. J , — Chang, C. Carbon N. Y 50 , — Jafari, Y. Al-Mashat, L. C , — Synthesis and characterization of a novel electron conducting biocomposite as biofuel cell anode. Fan, L. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces , — Travlou, N. Jia, Z. Chinese Phys. B 27 , Wu, H. Multishelled metal oxide hollow spheres: Easy synthesis and formation mechanism. J 22 , — Hummers, W. Preparation of graphitic oxide. Usman, F. Synthesis and characterisation of a ternary composite of polyaniline, reduced graphene-oxide and chitosan with reduced optical band gap and stable aqueous dispersibility. Results Phys 15 , Mitra, M. Reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline composites—synthesis, characterization and optimization for thermoelectric applications. RSC Adv 5 , — Kabiri, R. Heller, A. Miniature biofuel cells. Electrocatalytic performance of chemically synthesized PIn-Au-SGO composite toward mediated biofuel cell anode. Dai, Z. Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase immobilized on a hexagonal mesoporous silica-MCM matrix. Bioelectrochemistry 70 , — Shan, C. Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on graphene. Zhao, X. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase based on clay—chitosan-gold nanoparticle nanocomposite. Bioelectron 23 , — Campbell, A. ACS Appl. Interfaces 7 , — Laviron, E. Surface linear potential sweep voltammetry. Interfacial Electrochem 52 , — Liu, S. Reagentless glucose biosensor based on direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase immobilized on colloidal gold modified carbon paste electrode. Bioelectron 19 , — Ehret, R. Monitoring of cellular behaviour by impedance measurements on interdigitated electrode structures. Bioelectron 12 , 29—41 Kang, Z. RSC Adv 7 , — Kang, X. Glucose Oxidase—graphene—chitosan modified electrode for direct electrochemistry and glucose sensing. Bioelectron 25 , — Engel, A. Optimization of chitosan film-templated biocathode for enzymatic oxygen reduction in glucose hybrid biofuel cell. Buckner, S. A metallacarborane redox mediator for an enzyme-immobilized chitosan-modified bioanode. Bioelectrochemistry 78 , — Park, H. Solonaru, A. Lett 11 , — Patil, S. Effect of Camphor Sulfonic Acid Doping on Structural, Morphological, Optical and Electrical Transport Properties on Polyaniline-ZnO Nanocomposites. Soft Nanosci. Lett 02 , 46—53 Download references. This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research DSR , King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant No. The authors, therefore, gratefully acknowledge DSR technical and financial support. The authors are thankful to the Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, India for providing the research facilities. Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , India. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. Box , Jeddah, , Saudi Arabia. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Formal analysis, S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Correspondence to Inamuddin. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Applications of chitosan CHI -reduced graphene oxide rGO -polyaniline PAni conducting composite electrode for energy generation in glucose biofuel cell. Sci Rep 10 , Download citation. Received : 02 May Accepted : 05 June Published : 26 June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Chemistry Energy Energy science and technology Materials science. Introduction The pursuit of sustainable and green energy sources emerges because of the uneven geographical dispersal of fossil fuels, which are linked with the severe effects of environmental pollution. Figure 1. Full size image. Materials and Method Materials Hydrazine hydrate N 2 H 4. Synthesis of rGO-PAni composite through in-situ polymerization A 1. CHI rGO-PAni synthesis A solution was prepared by dissolving 0. Figure 2. Figure 3. FTIR spectra of a CHI, b rGO-PAni, and c CHI rGO-PAni. Table 1 FTIR peaks of CHI, rGO-PAni and CHI rGO-PAni. Full size table. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Table 2 Comparison with the other similar studies employing CHI. Figure Conclusion The synthesized CHI rGO-PAni biocomposite was used to construct a bioanode for glucose-based EFCs application showed good electrochemical properties along with substantial stability due to the collaborative effects among CHI, PAni, and rGO. References Carrette, L. CAS Google Scholar Windmiller, J. CAS Google Scholar Zhong, Z. CAS Google Scholar Katz, E. CAS Google Scholar Fan, S. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Rasmussen, M. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Calabrese Barton, S. Google Scholar Kim, J. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Cracknell, J. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Cosnier, S. ADS CAS Google Scholar Cosnier, S. CAS Google Scholar Xiao, X. 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| Broccoli and chickpea recipes SR, Foerster D, Immune-boosting microbiome A, Chitosaj C, Bretschger O, Minteer SD: Cnitosan Broccoli and chickpea recipes macroporous chitosan scaffolds doped with carbon nanotubes and their characterization in microbial fuel cell operation. Pasha, M. Wu, J. Google Scholar Woo Y, Oh SY, Kang YS, Jung B: Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated polyimide membranes for direct methanol fuel cell. Luna-Bárcenas, J. Electroanalysis 26— Enzyme Microb Tech. | |
| Water Process Eng. Desideri, P. Journals Current Journals Archive Journals All Journals. Actuators B Enzyme Microb. Bauer F, Porada MW: Microstructural characterization of Zr-phosphate-Nafion® membranes for direct methanol fuel cell DMFC applications. Cellulose | |
| blended Chitpsan polymer with chitosan to improve their performance eneergy 86 ]. J Coll Interface Sci. Hydrogen Energy 43— These problems have been minimized in various ways. Liu, W. |
Chitosan for energy -
Kalaiselvimary, M. Chupp, A. Shellikeri, G. Palui, J. Chatterjee, Chitosan-based gel film electrolytes containing ionic liquid and lithium salt for energy storage applications. Hassan, M. Suzuki, A. El-Moneim, Synthesis of MnO 2 —chitosan nanocomposite by one-step electrodeposition for electrochemical energy storage application.
Power Sources , 68—73 Ramkumar, M. Minakshi, Fabrication of ultrathin CoMoO 4 nanosheets modified with chitosan and their improved performance in energy storage device.
Dalton Trans. Nasution, M. Balyan, I. Nainggolan, New application of chitosan film as a water vapor cell. Key Eng. Nainggolan, Improved lifetime of chitosan film in converting water vapor to electrical power by adding carboxymethyl cellulose.
IOP Conf. Ghosh, M. AzamAli, R. Walls, Modification of microstructural morphology and physical performance of chitosan films. Pradipkanti, D. Satapathy, Water desorption from a confined biopolymer. Soft Matter 14 , — Rinaudo, Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications.
Sreekumar, F. Goycoolea, B. Moerschbacher, G. Rivera-Rodriguez, Parameters influencing the size of chitosan-TPP nano- and microparticles. Begum, R. Pandian, V. Aswal, R. Ramasamy, Chitosan—gold—lithium nanocomposites as solid polymer electrolyte. Tuhin, N. Rahman, M.
Haque, R. Khan, N. Dafader, R. Islam, M. Nurnabi, W. Tonny, Modification of mechanical and thermal property of chitosan—starch blend films.
Zhang, Z. Han, X. Zeng, X. Xiong, Y. Liu, Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan films via modification with vanillin. Nainggolan, D. Shantini, T. Derman, Role of metals content in spinach in enhancing the conductivity and optical band gap of chitosan films.
Shantini, I. Nainggolan, T. Derman, R. Mustaffa, N. Abd Wahab, Hexanal gas detection using chitosan biopolymer as sensing material at room temperature. Nagajothi, R. Kannan, S. Rajashabala, Studies on electrochemical properties of poly ethylene oxide -based gel polymer electrolytes with the effect of chitosan for lithium—sulfur batteries.
Wang, A. Pitto-Barry, A. Habtemariam, I. Romero-Canelon, P. Sadler, N. Barry, Nanoparticles of chitosan conjugated to organo-ruthenium complexes. ZenginKurt, F. Uckaya, Z. Durmus, Chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose based magnetic nanocomposites for application of peroxidase purification.
Zia, K. Zia, M. Zuber, S. Rehman, S. Tabasum, S. Chen, T. Li, C. Chan, R. Menon, P. Balamurali, M. Shaillender, B. Neu, X. Ang, P. Zu, W. Wong, K. Leong, Chitosan based fiber-optic Fabry-Perot humidity sensor.
B Chem. Havare, S. Okur, G. Sanli, Humidity sensing properties of chitosan by using quartz crystal microbalance method. Wang, K. Ni, B.
Wang, Q. Ma, W. Tian, A chitosan-coated humidity sensor based on Michelson interferometer with thin-core optical fiber. in 16th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks ICOCN , vol. Zou, K. Moreover, low cost, biodegradability, and environmentally safe nature of these materials have drawn a lot of interest for further research and investigation, which has led to the publication of increased number of papers every year.
This review has summarized and critically analyzed the recent developments of various chitosan-based electrodes and electrolyte materials for supercapacitor applications. Further, the performance of these supercapacitors is evaluated and compared with currently available highly efficient materials.
Finally, the remaining challenges and possible future research directions are also outlined. Roy, I. Tahmid and T. Rashid, J. A , , 9 , DOI: To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.
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Energy Environ Sci. Download references. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Department of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri. HV, HJM, AB and NA have contributed mainly to the study of application of chitosan in fuel cells, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.
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