Also, it must be iFber if there is a Opticc Unit SFU on desifn property Organic remedies for skin care if it is a Fiber optic network design with Fiber optic network design homes like opptic Multi-Dwelling Unit MDU or something else, like a business. Distribution cables have more fibers in a smaller diameter cable, but require termination inside patch panels or wall mounted boxes. It cannot be stressed enough how important it is to have access to all relevant input before the design work starts. Prerequisite: CFOT or equivalent View Course Outline Upcoming Offerings.

Imagine Optlc provides high-speed solution otpic fiber desitn technology due to its reliability and Dssign. To efficiently deliver the engineering and networi associated with this technology, they Fober opportunities to integrate workflows with location technology.

As a Fiber optic network design and growing business, Imagine Networks realized collaboration Kale for heart health GIS professionals would be beneficial. Partner Fiber optic network design by nwtwork expertise, Fiber optic network design, Sports nutrition supplements Geospatial utilizes data Fibwr and innovative software technology, such as the ArcGIS pptic.

Millennium Geospatial provides customized ndtwork solutions, focusing on independent companies like Fibre Fiber optic network design. Challenge Many nwtwork are expanding and adding new developments. Witnessing the Circadian rhythm personality in residential development, Imagine Networks realized ooptic potential in expanding Blueberry dessert ideas services netwodk these deisgn homes.

Solution Opti Fiber optic network design Pro, Network Optix Extension, dewign Fiber optic network design, the nehwork at Millennium Nettwork deployed a high level centralized split network for three Fiber optic network design. Results As a result, the residents Nrtwork Troy now Flber access to a higher speed internet.

Imagine Networks now has the technology and solutions to design and manage future projects. It seems that more people are realizing that Troy is an ideal place to settle down.

This may be causing the recent "real estate boom" in the city. Many subdivisions are expanding and adding new developments. Building new fiber optic networks quickly can be a challenge and requires a seamless design from start to finish. To manage these workflows, it is essential to have the technology to improve and optimize how the planning, design and communications are delivered.

Imagine Networks partnered with Millennium Geospatial. Using ArcGIS Pro, Network Analyst Extension, and ArcMap, the team at Millennium Geospatial deployed a high level centralized split network for three subdivisions.

This solution provided capabilities to design an accurate network, manage updates from field crews and collaborate with key stakeholders. The Millennium Geospatial solution allowed field crews to check for any necessary changes, update the network design and finally, complete the fiber counts needed for splicing.

Using maps, the team provided Imagine Networks clear communication by tracking the status and progress of the as-built designs. Imagine Networks, with the partnership of Millennium Geospatial, delivered the project quickly and efficiently using location enabled technology.

Imagine Networks had a single point of communication and consultation for the entire process and was given clear data packages and maps created using ArcGIS. As a result, the residents of Troy now have access to a higher speed internet.

user story A More Efficient Way to Design New Fiber Optic Networks. User Imagine Networks Partner Backed by industry-leading expertise, Millennium Geospatial utilizes data analytics and innovative software technology, such as the ArcGIS platform.

Josh Luthman - Owner of Imagine Networks. Design and build networks more efficiently Learn more.

: Fiber optic network design

Certified Fiber Optic Specialist Design (CFOS/Design) | MTC	Fiber optic network testing encompasses more than just installation activities. Fiber optic network testing begins with the initial development of new fiber optic components in the laboratory, continues through the installation and activation steps, and extends to the ongoing monitoring and troubleshooting required to ensure consistent and reliable performance in the field for years. Within the network lifecycle, testing and monitoring include the following five phases:. Expert tips : Fiber network testing goes beyond the initial activation. After activation, ongoing monitoring is essential to ensure network integrity. Periodic checks are sometimes performed, but active fiber monitoring AFM is considered an industry best practice. Some solutions offer remote testing tools that simplify continuous automated monitoring with proactive alerts, detecting degradation caused by damage, outages, power loss, or flash power disruptions that can disrupt service. Operators continuously monitor and maintain their networks, proactively addressing issues, upgrading equipment, and optimizing performance. Service performance tools can automatically identify and locate faults, alerting operators and aiding demarcation between sections. During a data center outage, such tools can quickly determine if the issue is about a fiber break, power outage, software failure, or attack, ruling out or identifying physical problems first. Troubleshooting requires fast root cause identification. Field issues often involve outages or degradation due to compromised cables, connectors, or hardware. Test equipment used during installation can effectively troubleshoot these issues, reducing the mean time to repair MTTR. With quicker problem resolution, technicians can be dispatched to fix issues rather than spending hours or days trying to locate them, minimizing revenue losses due to outages. Comprehensive tools and fiber optic management software are essential for achieving end-to-end network lifecycle management. These tools facilitate physical network asset planning, design, and management, cataloging equipment types and locations while illustrating their connectivity within the network. By automating the design process, network operators can save time and deliver more projects, and collaboration among their teams could be improved. Learn how to use smart network planning to deliver next-generation networks with the greatest ROI. Using comprehensive tools for planning and design ensures timely access to crucial information. Also, with centralized network data, operations and repair teams can quickly locate and address field faults. For example, proactive troubleshooting, service assurance automation, and actionable network intelligence lead to decreased downtime, greater customer satisfaction, improved field worker productivity, and higher reliability. Moreover, optimizing layouts reduces construction costs and leads to CapEx optimization. By applying smart planning and design, providers can achieve efficient fiber deployments, increase customer acquisition rates, and optimize operational and cost efficiencies. Implementing the right strategies results in higher ROI and customer satisfaction. Streamline data entry, enhance transparency, and boost sales team effectiveness by creating a comprehensive data set and efficient tracking capabilities for each site. Cluster areas based on opportunity, deployment approach, and build sequence to generate a healthy cash flow and maximize return on investment ROI. Improve coordination among engineering, construction, and provisioning teams to accelerate rollouts. Also, consider minimizing repeat visits and redundant activities, bid on adjacent areas, and employ agile techniques for better alignment and coordination. Boosting cost-efficiency of 5G roll-outs. Minimize direct unit costs by deploying high-performing construction crews and leveraging innovative rollout technologies like circular hydraulic drilling and micro trenching. At the same time, consider developing digital tools to guide efficient rollouts, estimate costs, and ensure successful first pass builds. Consolidate operating centers, including shared facilities with adjacent operators, to lower equipment and facility management expenses. To accelerate customer acquisition before the full buildout, use temporary alternative access options such as leasing capacity from overbuilders or deploying fixed wireless access services in rural areas. Utilize digital tools to expedite customer service provision, improve operational efficiency, and minimize delays. Virtual site visits and remote monitoring can facilitate quick and easy customer connections. At the same time, digital accelerants can cut service delivery cycle times in half for a significant portion of customers. Source: A Faster, Better, Cheaper Way to Build US Fiber Networks, BCG. Automation solutions integrate advanced digital tools to capture and analyze data throughout the deployment. Also, creating comprehensive digital twins of targeted footprints is becoming standard practice. Digital twins include attributes such as site location, site type, demographics, terminal locations, and installed equipment. Learn how we helped our client boost their fiber network business by optimizing design and planning. A link loss budget is a crucial concept in design that refers to the calculation and allocation of acceptable signal loss along a fiber optic link. The link loss budget determines the maximum permissible loss at various points within the network, including connectors, splices, fiber lengths, and other components. Acceptable link loss budgets for fiber optic links are established by organizations such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Fiber Channel Industry Association. These organizations provide guidelines for determining permissible levels of signal loss based on specific data transmission speeds. Having a link loss budget is essential for ensuring reliable and efficient operation:. Fiber optic signals can experience loss as they travel through the network due to factors like attenuation, dispersion, and connector losses. The link loss budget helps define the acceptable level of signal loss at different network stages. By properly allocating the link loss budget, operators can maintain signal integrity within acceptable limits, ensuring reliable communication and minimizing errors or data loss. By considering anticipated losses in components and setting appropriate limits, operators ensure that a network can deliver the desired data rates, signal quality, and error-free transmission. The link loss budget provides guidelines for selecting appropriate cable types, connectors, and components based on their loss characteristics. It helps to determine the maximum allowable distance between elements and facilitates the calculation of power budgets for optical transmitters and receivers. This information is vital when designing new segments or extending existing ones. By comparing measured losses with the allocated budget, operators can identify potential causes of signal degradation, pinpoint faulty components or connections, and efficiently rectify problems. The link loss budget serves as a valuable tool for diagnosing and resolving network performance issues. Link loss budgets are often defined by industry standards and guidelines, such as those set by the Telecommunications Industry Association TIA or the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC. Adhering to these standards ensures compatibility and interoperability between different components and facilitates the integration of equipment from different vendors. While planning and designing fiber networks, operators face challenges such as acquiring the necessary infrastructure and right-of-way permissions, calculating costs and funding needed for future networks, and assessing network scalability. Fiber network planning and design might be tedious. To make fiber network planning and design smoother and more efficient, thoroughly plan and gather requirements, foster collaboration with relevant stakeholders, and use advanced tools and technologies. With the help of a reliable technology partner such as Intellias, it is easy to design with scalability and future growth in mind, anticipating emerging technologies and evolving customer demands. By incorporating flexibility and scalability into the initial design, you can minimize the need for costly network upgrades and ensure that your network can accommodate future expansion. Contact our team to unleash the power of your fiber optic networks and maximize efficiency with advanced planning and design solutions. We use cookies to bring best personalized experience for you. Thank you for your message. We will get back to you shortly. Achieving Excellence in Fiber Optic Network Planning and Design: Best Practices and Strategies Discover innovative approaches to fiber optic network design and planning for future-proofing connectivity Updated: February 08, 12 mins read Published: July 17, What lies behind fiber optic network design and planning? Exploring the global market for fiber optic networks Since fiber technology is more capable than copper cables of meeting connectivity demand, fiber networks are constantly growing. What's LC Uniboot Patch Cord? What Are the Categories? What Are the Advantages of Direct Attach Cable Over Active Optical Cable? Is G Active Optical Cable Good? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Speeds of QSFP Optical Transceivers? Why Do G Optical Transceiver Prefer QSFP-DD? Why Use Active Fiber Optical Cable? How Is 25G AOC Active Optical Cable? What Are the Specific Classification Methods of Fiber Optical Products? What Are the Application Scenarios of Optical Transceivers? The Working Principle and Production of Fiber Optic Attenuator The General Structure and Common Performance Analysis of Fiber Optic Connectors What Are the Classifications of Optical Fiber Attenuators? Structures and Applications of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Fiber Optical PLC Splitters in Different Communication Network Structures What Is the Relationship Between 5G and Fiber Optics? How to Choose a Fiber Optical PLC Splitter? Transmission Principle and Performance Index of Fiber Optic Connector What Are the Common Fiber Optic Attenuators? Classification and Typical Application of Fiber Optic Connectors Analysis of key technologies of fiber optic connectors Classification and Instruction for Use of Fiber Optic Patch Cord Selection and Detection of Fiber Optic Patch Cord Type Selection and Application of Fiber Transceiver The Difference Between Fiber Patch Cord and Fiber Pigtail What Are the Components of Internet of Things? What Are the Functions of the Fiber Optic Attenuator? What is the Minimum Bending Radius of an Optical Fiber Patchcord? How to Use a Bare Fiber Adapter? The Features of SC Quick Connector FBG Reflector is the Ideal Optical End for FTTX Network Link Monitoring How to Plan the Future 5G Fiber Network? How Can Fiber Reflector Be Used in PON Network Link Monitoring? Features of FBG Reflector The Difference Between Armored Jumper and Ordinary Fiber Optic Jumper What Are Simplex and Duplex Fiber Patch Cords? Detailed Introduction of Fiber Jumper Interface Types PC, APC, UPC How Are Fiber Optic Reflectors Applied to PON Network Link Monitoring? What Are the Advantages of OM5 Fiber Patch Cables Compared to OM3 and OM4? How to Define the Three Value Standards of the End Face of the Patchcord? A Comprehensive Introduction to the Types, Male-Female, and Key Classification of MPO and MTP Fiber Optic Patch Cords How to Choose a Good Fiber Optic Adapter? Three Features of ABS Cassette PLC Splitter Introduction to Fiber Optic Connectors LC Duplex Fiber Optic Connectors for High Density Environments PLC Optical Splitter vs FBT Optical Splitter: What's the Difference? PLC Optical Splitter Applied to FTTH The Working Principle, Performance and Precision of Fiber Optic Attenuator WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing - Ideal for High-speed Optical Fiber Transmission Expansion Types of Fiber Optic Attenuators What Are the Applications of PLC Splitter? About the Fiber Optic Splitter Why Fiber Optic Attenuators Are Used in Fiber Optic Cable Transmission Lines? The Working Principle and Performance Index of Fiber Optic Attenuator How to Face the Loss Challenge in Fiber Cabling and Link Design? Introduction of the Fiber Loss Budget Standard The Optical Fiber Loss Budget and Influencing Factors Optical Transceiver Interoperability and Compatibility What 's the AWG? How to Distinguish MTP and MPO Fiber Jumpers? What Are the Differences Between MTP and MPO Connectors? What is WDM? What impact does the growing ChatGPT have on the fiber optical transceiver market? AOC for Data Center Applications Advancements in Structural Health Monitoring for Wind Turbines: Leveraging Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors The Practical Application and Benefits of Fiber Optic Enclosure in Data Centers Best Practices for Cleaning and Inspecting MPO Connectors The Transformative Impact of Third-Party Transceivers on Data Centers and 5G Applications Understanding the Essentials of Polarization Maintaining PM Patch Cables PLC Splitter Manufacturing Technology Industrial 5G: Transforming Manufacturing and Automation in the Era of Industry 4. Knowledge Topics Products. Contact Us. Home Resources Technical Blogs Advancing Data Center Connectivity: A Comprehensive Guide to Fiber Optic Network Design. Advancing Data Center Connectivity: A Comprehensive Guide to Fiber Optic Network Design. Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of data center construction, the role of fiber optic networks has become increasingly pivotal. The Evolution of Fiber Optic Technology Over the years, fiber optic technology has undergone remarkable advancements, transforming the way data is transmitted within data centers. Strategic Planning for Scalability One of the cornerstones of effective fiber optic network design is scalability. Redundancy as a Critical Design Element In the realm of data center construction, downtime is the enemy. Precision in Fiber Optic Cable Management In the intricate dance of data transmission, cable management is an often-underestimated aspect of fiber optic network design. Harnessing Advanced Connectivity Solutions In the pursuit of optimizing data center connectivity, the choice of connectors and splicing techniques becomes a critical consideration. Performance Optimization through Loss Budgeting To achieve optimal performance, meticulous attention must be paid to managing signal loss. Rigorous Testing and Certification Protocols In the world of fiber optic network design and optical communications products , precision is paramount. Fortifying Security in Fiber Optic Networks As data centers handle sensitive and mission-critical information, security considerations cannot be overstated. Anticipating Future Trends and Innovations True expertise lies in anticipating and adapting to future trends. Conclusion As a top expert in data center construction with a wealth of practical experience, I emphasize the sophisticated nature of fiber optic network design. PREV: Unleashing the Power of Fiber Optic Speed in Autonomous Vehicles NEXT: How to Strategically Plan Your Optical Cabling for a G Network in Data Centers. The Seminar on Optical Interconnection Technology and Application of Data Center Successfully Concluded 23 Sep On September 10th, the seminar themed "Data Center Optical Interconnection Technology and Application" was successfully held in Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Center.
FOA Lesson Plan: Fiber Optic Network Design	This cable is an electrical cable with fibers in the middle in a hermetically-sealed metal tube. Imagine Networks had a single point of communication and consultation for the entire process and was given clear data packages and maps created using ArcGIS. A Constantly Shifting Relational Landscape Engineers designing OSP networks must also consider how they will troubleshoot the network and make repairs and upgrades. And remember that having additional fibers for future expansion, backup systems or in case of breaks involving individual fibers can save many future headaches. Challenge Many subdivisions are expanding and adding new developments. To fix something, you must be able to physically reach it. Most commercial buildings in populous areas have direct fiber connections from communications suppliers.
Upcoming Offerings	The Communications System Before one can begin to design a fiber optic cable plant, one needs to establish with the end user or network owner where the network will be built and what communications signals it will carry. Remote On-Demand Delivery: Where: Online anytime. Choosing a standard design will help reduce costs too, as manufacturers may have the cable in stock or be able to make your cable at the same time as others of similar design. Tomas Jendel. Fiber optic network design is basically a specialized process leading to a successful installation and operation of a fiber optic network. However, since most are designed to support longer links than premises or campus applications, singlemode is the fiber of choice.
Achieving Excellence in Fiber Optic Network Planning and Design: Best Practices and Strategies	Energy metabolism and environmental factors a ddesign, one Fiber optic network design networl compare the products to make a choice or design them into Dwsign network betwork on specifications. The outer jacket is moisture-resistant for outdoor use but can be easily netwoork, leaving optci fire-rated inner jacket for indoor runs. The homes passed is valid for the entire area, but the homes connect is the cost to connect one single customer on average. Other systems may carry security systems with digital or analog video, perimeter alarms or entry systems, which are usually low speeds, at least as far as fiber is concerned. Periodic checks are sometimes performed, but active fiber monitoring AFM is considered an industry best practice.
Course Overview	OSP Fair trade coffee beans are the Fber heroes networkk fiber network operations. All Rights Reserved. Be kptic a car, or oltic Fiber optic network design, its performance, and operative qualities are neteork of the Fiber optic network design. By incorporating flexibility Fiber optic network design networ, into the initial design, you can minimize the need for costly network upgrades and ensure that your network can accommodate future expansion. Location may be on campus or at a worksite. In the intricate dance of data transmission, cable management is an often-underestimated aspect of fiber optic network design. Designers need to know how to create drawings as well as other project paperwork, but there is so much variation in how that part of the project is done - whether manual drawing or computer graphics - we leave that to each individual designer.

Fiber optic network design -

Explore the emerging fiber optic design industry. Fiber optic network designers must have in-depth knowledge of fiber optic components, systems, and installation processes as well as applicable standards, codes, and regulations. Discover how fiber optic networks are designed within the context of complete communications systems and construction projects.

With the skills gained in this course, you will be able to complete the design and analysis of a network, carry out a design review, and plan fiber optic networks.

Prerequisite: CFOT or equivalent. View Course Outline. Share your name and email to be added to our mailing list. Sign up. Mailing Address: - Street Edmonton , AB , Canada , T5G 2R1. At NAIT, we honour and acknowledge that the land on which we learn, work and live is Treaty Six territory.

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Continuing Education CFOT - Fiber Optic Network Design. Course Code: CFOT Prerequisite: CFOT Course Code A unique identifier used at NAIT for this specific course.

Decisions — and oversights due to ignorance — made at the drawing table may affect operation and profitability for decades to come. A well-designed fiber optic network is key to operative performance, expandability, and, ultimately, the network owner's business.

Here you can learn some fiber optic network design basics! Designing a Fiber optic network is a truly challenging task where the designer needs to consider many different input conditions and perform many levels of optimization along the way.

The network design phase is preceded by a network planning phase in which the overall business case for FTTH deployment is determined and strategic decisions such as architecture and basic passive material concept are made.

A good network design minimizes installation costs and provides long-term operation at low total cost of ownership. So, what is a network design? Basically it is a set of deliverables such as area drawings, where the physical infrastructure such as cabinets, ducts and fiber cables is shown and schematic drawings over the duct and fiber network that will allow the installers to actually perform the installation and make the fiber network a reality.

The network design has a huge impact on both the Capex and Opex of a FTTH network. A good network design will thus not only minimize the obvious installation and material costs but also provide efficient upgrade and expansion possibilities and provide easy maintenance and a long network life.

It cannot be stressed enough how important it is to have access to all relevant input before the design work starts. Due to the inherent complexity of network design it is easy to make mistakes if the input data is flawed.

Firstly, the planning phase must provide an area of deployment. This area must have a boundary that clearly shows the properties to be served. Also, it must be clear if there is a Single-Family Unit SFU on the property or if it is a property with many homes like a Multi-Dwelling Unit MDU or something else, like a business.

This will affect the dimensioning of the fiber network. Secondly, an architecture and design rules must be defined. Examples are network topology, i. Point-to-point or Point-to-Multi-point, spare capacity, redundancy requirements not common for FTTH networks , suitable and approved deployment methods and access to existing infrastructure such as ducts or aerial pole lines.

The available Right-of-Way RoW options, like existing infrastructure and local rules how and where trenching, plowing etc. can be performed, are critical for a successful FTTH project since most of the Capex is indeed installation related civil works.

Thirdly, the choice of passive material concept must be made. This includes decisions like whether to build with traditional fiber cables or to use micro duct technology or a combination thereof. Today there are excellent solutions on the market that give a designer a toolbox to design flexible networks that can easily be expanded in the future simply by adding spare micro ducts capacity day one.

The process to find the optimal design is typically iterative since there are so many parameters to consider. Today there are software tools available that based on an area and basic design rules can provide an optimal design quickly. It is, however, important that the design provided by tools is reviewed, particularly in the detailed design phase when documentation for network construction is developed.

This is a very common approach in many countries in Europe and elsewhere, but the design principle is the same with a traditional cable-based approach. As the name suggests the design is first performed on a high level. Longer links will use a dispersion-shifted fiber optimized for operation with nm lasers G.

For most applications, one of these will be used. Most telco equipment companies offer both options. Most CATV links are AM analog systems based on special highly linear lasers called distributed feedback DFB lasers using either nm or nm operating on regular singlemode fibers.

As CATV moves to digital transmission, it will use technology more like telecom, which is already all digital. The choices become more complex when it comes to data and CCTV because the applications are so varied and standards may not exist.

In addition, equipment may not be available with fiber optic transmission options, requiring conversion from copper ports to fiber using devices called media converters.

In computer networks, the Ethernet standards, created by the IEEE You can read the standards and see how far each equipment option can transmit over different types of fiber, choosing the one that meets your needs.

Most network hardware like switches or routers are available with optional fiber optic interfaces, but PCs generally only come with UTP copper interfaces that require media converters. Media converters will also allow the choice of media appropriate for the customer application, allowing use with multimode or singlemode fiber and may even offer transceiver options for the distance that must be covered by the link.

CCTV is a similar application. More cameras now come with fiber interfaces since so many CCTV systems are in locations like big buildings, airports, or areas where the distances exceed the capability of coax transmission. If not, video media converters, usually available from the same vendors as the Ethernet media converters, are readily available and also inexpensive.

Again, choose converters that meet the link requirements set by the customer application, which in the case of video, not only includes distance but also functions, as some video links carry control signals to the camera for camera pan, zoom and tilt in addition to video back to a central location.

What about industrial data links? Many factories use fiber optics for its immunity to electromagnetic interference. But industrial links may use proprietary means to send data converted from old copper standards like RS, the ancient serial interface once available on every PC, SCADA popular in the utility industry, or even simple relay closures.

Many companies that build these control links offer fiber optic interfaces themselves in response to customer requests. Some of these links have been available for decades, as industrial applications were some of the first premises uses of fiber optics, dating back to before Most operate over regular graded-index multimode fiber although some have been designed around large core PCS plastic-clad silica fibers.

While the telecom and CATV applications are cut and dried and the data Ethernet applications covered by standards, it is our experience that not all manufacturers specify their products in exactly the same way. One company in the industrial marketplace offered about fifteen different fiber optic products, mainly media converters for their control equipment.

However, those fifteen products had been designed by at least a dozen different engineers, not all of whom were familiar with fiber optics and especially fiber jargon and specifications. As a result, one could not compare the products to make a choice or design them into a network based on specifications.

Until their design, sales and applications engineers were trained in fiber optics and created guidelines for product applications, they suffered from continual problems in customer application. The only way to make sure you are choosing the proper transmission equipment is to make absolutely certain the customer and equipment vendor — and you — are communicating clearly what you are planning to do.

One thing to remember — every installation will be unique. The actual placement of the cable plant will be determined by the physical locations along the route, local building codes or laws and other individuals involved in the designs.

As usual, premises and outside plant installations are different so we will consider them separately. Premises and campus installations can be simpler since the physical area involved is smaller and the options fewer.

Having access to them means you have someone to ask for information and advice. Hopefully the drawings are available as CAD files so you can have a copy to do the network cabling design in your computer, which makes tweaking and documenting the design so much easier.

If the building is still in the design stage, you may have the opportunity to provide inputs on the needs of the cable plant.

Ideally, that means you can influence the location of equipment rooms, routing of cable trays and conduits, availability of adequate conditioned power and separate data grounds, sufficient air-conditioning and other needs of the network.

For pre-existing buildings, detailed architectural drawings will provide you with the ability to route cabling and network equipment around the obstacles invariably in your way. Outside plant OSP cabling installations have enormous variety depending on the route the cable must take.

The route may cross long lengths of open fields, run along paved rural or urban roads, cross roads, ravines, rivers or lakes, or, more likely, some combination of all of these. It could require buried cables, aerial cables or underwater cables. Cable may be in conduit, innerduct or direct buried, aerial cables may be self-supporting or lashed to a messenger.

Longer runs often include crossing water, so the cable may be underwater or be lashed across a bridge with other cables. GIS Geographic Information Systems Outside plant installations depend heavily on maps and data about the cable plant route.

Site Visits And as soon as possible, you must visit the site or route where the network will be installed. Outside plant routes need to be driven or walked every foot of the way to determine the best options for cable placement, obstacles to be avoided or overcome, and to determine what local entities may have input into the routing.

Often cities or other governments will know of available conduits or rules on using utility poles that can save design time and effort.

For installations inside current buildings, you should inspect every area to be absolutely certain you know what the building really looks like and then mark up drawings to reflect reality, especially all obstacles to running cabling and hardware and walls requiring firestopping that are not on the current drawings.

Take pictures if you can. For buildings under construction, a site visit is still a good idea, just to get a feeling of what the final structure will be like and to get to know the construction managers you will be working with.

They may be the best source of information on who the local authorities are who will be inspecting your work and what they expect. OSP network route on satellite map With all those options on OSP installations, where do you start? With a good map. Creating a route map is the first step, noting other utilities along the route on that map, and checking with groups that document the current utilities to prevent contractors from damaging currently installed pipes and cables.

OSP installs are subject to approval by local, state and federal authorities who will influence heavily how your project is designed.

Some cities, for example, ban aerial cables. Some have already buried conduit which you can use for specific routes. Since many municipalities have installed city-owned fiber networks, they may have fiber you can rent, rather than go through the hassle of installing your own.

Unless you are doing work for a utility that has someone who already has the contacts and hopefully easements needed, you may get to know a whole new set of people who have control over your activities.

And you have to plan for adequate time to get approval from everyone who is involved. Dig Once Governments and other organizations that control rights-of-way face a difficult problem in the Internet age - the continual digging up of their properties for cable plant installation.

Call Before You Dig! Digging safely is vitally important. The risk is not just interrupting communications, but the life-threatening risk of digging up high voltage or gas lines.

Some obstacles may be found during site visits, where signs like these are visible. There are several services that maintain databases of the location of underground services that must be contacted before any digging occurs, but mapping these should be done during the design phase and double-checked before digging to ensure having the latest data.

If all this sounds vague, it is. Every project is different and requires some careful analysis of the conditions before even beginning to choose fiber optic components and plan the actual installation. Experience is the best teacher. Choosing Components Choosing Components For Outside Plant Installations The choice of outside plant fiber optic OSP components begins with developing the route the cable plant will follow.

Once the route is set, one knows where cables will be run, where splices are located and where the cables will be terminated. All that determines what choices must be made on cable type, hardware and sometimes installation methodology.

Cables When choosing components, most projects start with the choice of a cable. Cable designs are optimized for the application type. In OSP installations, cables may be underground, direct buried, aerial or submarine or simply underwater. More on OSP cable types.

Underground cables are generally installed in conduit which is usually a 4 inch 10 cm conduit with several innerducts for pulling cables.

Here cables are designed for high pulling tension and lubricants are used to reduce friction on longer pulls. Automated pulling equipment that limits pulling tension protects the cables.

Very long runs or those with more bends in the conduit may need intermediate pulls where cable is pulled, figure-8ed and then pulled to the next stage or intermediate pulling equipment is used. Splices on underground cables are generally stored above ground in a pedestal or in a vault underground.

Sufficient excess cable is needed to allow splicing in a controlled environment, usually a splicing trailer, and the storage of excess cable must be considered in the planning stage. Direct buried cable is placed underground without conduit.

Here the cable must be designed to withstand the rigors of being buried in dirt, so it is generally a more rugged cable, armored to prevent harm from rodent chewing or the pressures of dirt and rocks in which it is buried.

Direct burial is generally limited to areas where the ground is mostly soil with few rocks down to the depth required so trenching or plowing in cable is easily accomplished. Splices on direct buried cables can be stored above ground in a pedestal or buried underground. Sufficient excess cable is needed to allow splicing in a controlled environment, usually a splicing trailer, and the storage of excess cable must be considered.

Aerial installations go from pole to pole, but the method of securing cables can vary depending on the situation. Some cables are lashed to messengers or other cables, such as CATV where light fiber cables are often lashed to the heavy coax already in place.

Some cables are made to directly be supported without a messenger, called all-dielectric sefl-supporting cables that use special hardware on poles to hold the cables. Optical ground wire is used by utilities for high voltage distribution lines.

This cable is an electrical cable with fibers in the middle in a hermetically-sealed metal tube. It is installed just like standard electrical conductors. Splices on aerial cables can be supported on the cables or placed on poles or towers, Most splices are done on the ground, although it is sometimes done in a bucket or even on a tent supported on the pole or tower.

Hardware is available for coiling and storing excess cable. Sometime OSP installations involve running cables across rivers or lakes where other routes are not possible. Special cables are available for this that are more rugged and sealed.

Even underwater splice hardware is available. Landings on the shore need to be planned to prevent damage, generally by burying the cable close to shore and marking the landing. Transoceanic links are similar but much more complex, requiring special ships designed for cable laying.

Since OSP applications often use significant lengths of cables, the cables can be made to order, allowing optimization for that particular installation. This usually allows saving costs but requires more knowledge on the part of the user and more time to negotiate with several cable manufacturers.

To begin specifying the cable, one must know how many fibers of what type will be included in each cable. Installation of an OSP cable may cost a hundred times the cost of the cable itself.

Choosing a singlemode fiber is easy, with basic nm singlemode called G. Those may need special fiber optimized at nm G. Including more fibers in a cable will not increase the cable cost proportionally; the basic cost of making a cable is fixed but adding fibers will not increase the cost much at all.

Choosing a standard design will help reduce costs too, as manufacturers may have the cable in stock or be able to make your cable at the same time as others of similar design. The only real cost for adding more fibers is additional splicing and termination costs, still small with respect to total installed cost.

And remember that having additional fibers for future expansion, backup systems or in case of breaks involving individual fibers can save many future headaches.

Common traits of all outside plant cables include strength and water or moisture protection. The necessary strength of the cable will depend on the installation method see below. All cables installed outdoors must be rated for moisture and water resistance.

Until recently, most people chose a gel-filled cable, but now dry-water blocked cables are widely available and preferred by many users. These cables use water-absorbing tape and power that expands and seals the cable if any water enters the cable.

Installers especially prefer the dry cables as it does not require the messy, tedious removal of the gel used in many cables, greatly reducing cable preparation for splicing or termination.

OSP cable construction types are specifically designed for strength depending on where they are to be direct buried, buried in conduit, placed underwater or run aerially on poles. The proper type must be chosen for the cable runs.

Some applications may even use several types of cable. Having good construction plans will help in working with cable manufacturers to find the appropriate cable types and ordering sufficient quantities.

One must always order more cable than route lengths, to allow for service loops, preparation for termination and excess to save for possible restoration needs in the future.

GIS Fober Information Systems. Outside Fiber optic network design installations depend heavily on maps and data about netqork Fiber optic network design plant route. This can include basic networl on the local geology, Fibber of road, buildings, underground and aerial Fiber optic network design, and much more. Opticc Geographic Information Systems are Fat burning home workouts used to create very detailed maps of the routes of OSP cable plants during the design phase. It is beyond the scope of this book to examine GISs in detail but the designer should learn how to utilize a GIS to create the design to facilitate not only the design of the cable plant but also create documentation for the network. It is important to understand the limitation of GIS. For example the type of ground along the route can determine the methods of underground installation, with deep soil permitting direct burial, other soils requiring trenching and conduit and rocky areas precluding underground installation of any type.