Antiviral virus-fighting antioxidants -
Bermano, G. Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID? Brigelius-Flohe, R. Glutathione peroxidases. Acta , — Chen, X. Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection. Selenium blocks porcine circovirus type 2 replication promotion induced by oxidative stress by improving GPx1 expression.
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Inhibitory activity of selenium nanoparticles functionalized with oseltamivir on H1N1 influenza virus. Luo, J. Porcine deltacoronavirus PDCoV infection suppresses RIG-I-mediated interferon-beta production.
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Pan, Q. Effect of different selenium sources and levels on porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro. Trace Elem. Qian, G. Ren, Z. Regulation of MAVS Expression and Signaling Function in the Antiviral Innate Immune Response.
Schrauzer, G. Selenium in the maintenance and therapy of HIV-infected patients. CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Siu, K. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein inhibits type I interferon production by impeding the formation of TRAF3.
Sivertsen, T. Vitamin E and selenium plasma concentrations in weanling pigs under field conditions in Norwegian pig herds. Styblo, M. Activation of superoxide dismutase in selenium-deficient mice infected with influenza virus.
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Zhai, X. Antiviral Effect of Lithium Chloride and Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on Porcine Deltacoronavirus In Vitro. Antiviral foods are enriched with a litany of organic compounds that help fight off pathogens within the body. Viruses like to infiltrate healthy cells and use their membranes as a host.
Here is where viral replication takes place. Viral replication is when virus DNA disrupts our natural DNA production. In turn, the virus can take over the system.
Viral mechanisms are capable of translocating proteins and genetic material from the cell and assembling them into new virus particles 1. So, you want to make sure you are eating foods that not only fight off viruses but also offer support to your healthy cells. The best antiviral foods should nourish and rejuvenate compromised cells and aid in cell proliferation.
With these qualities, antiviral foods can help keep your immune system strong during flu season. There are an array of foods that have antioxidant-boosting abilities that will keep your immune system strong. However, even some of these nutritious foods have even more benefits.
That means these food sources can fight off a viral attack. Here are the ten antiviral foods that will give you the balanced diet necessary for optimal wellness.
Luckily for us, these molecules make garlic one of the most delicious antiviral foods out there 2. Research shows that these compounds can impede the growth of influenza A and influenza B, as well as herpes and HIV. In the case of HIV, ajoene, in particular, has proven particularly helpful.
Early HIV studies suggest ajoene prevents the irregular cellular processes triggered by HIV-infected cells 3. There are many garlic supplements out there. However, nothing beats raw garlic. Garlic is easy to incorporate into a healthy diet.
It adds flavor to anything and builds a strong immune system. So, stock up on this spice! This licorice-flavored spice is rich in shikimic acid.
Shikimic acid has potent antiviral properties. This spice has a very powerful flavor. A little can go a long way with this Chinese herb.
They consume an abundance of natural products, whole foods, and healthy fatty acids. One of their greatest sources of these desirable health habits is the olive. Olive leaves are one of the most abundant sources of oleuropein. Studies involving this molecule found that it shows significant effects against respiratory syntactical virus and para-influenza type 3 virus 5.
While olive oil has less oleuropein than olive leaf, it has a considerable amount of healthy fatty acids that repair our gut and keep our immune system strong. Up the antioxidant effects and give free radicals a scare with a delicious garlic oil infusion!
Ginger is a staple in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This tangy root can bring life to any stir-fry or give your water a fizzy flavor. It also has excellent antiviral capabilities that makes this root essential for a healthy daily diet. One study found that ginger helped improve the cells in both the upper respiratory tract HEp-2 cells and lower respiratory tract A cells 6.
Furthermore, analysts noted that ginger caused cells to secrete Interferon-beta IFN-β. IFN-β is a polypeptide that has antiviral capabilities because it regulates DNA encryption 7.
So, it can help block a viral attack. An unsung hero in antiviral foods is oregano oil. Oregano plants are one of the most flavorful and effective antiviral herbs in the world.
Extracts from this Italian herb are rich in antioxidants and other healing compounds that fight off free radicals. Namely, carvacrol can stop nonenveloped murine norovirus MNV in its tracks 8.
MNV is a precursor to noroviruses. Researchers noted that antiviral effects can happen within an hour of ingesting oregano oil. Oregano oil is highly abrasive on the skin. Herbs like Astragalus, Withania somnifera and Panax ginseng all contain potent immune-protective properties as they help to reduce inflammation.
There is a list of herbs that have been cited in herbal medical literature for their immune-boosting abilities. Some of these include:. Immune network, 13 2 , 70— Padayatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y, Eck P, Kwon O, Lee JH, Chen S, Corpe C, Dutta A, Dutta SK, Levine M.
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Viruses and bacteria in the etiology of the common cold. J Clin Microbiol. Hulisz D. Efficacy of zinc against common cold viruses: an overview.
J Am Pharm Assoc PubMed PMID: Wu, W. Quercetin as an Antiviral Agent Inhibits Influenza A Virus IAV Entry. Viruses , 8 1 , 6. Krawitz, C. Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses.
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Effect of oral N-acetylcysteine on mucus clearance. Br J Dis Chest. Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Greenberg L, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis. Health Technol Assess. Chu, M. Role of Baicalin in Anti-Influenza Virus A as a Potent Inducer of IFN-Gamma.
BioMed Research International , , 1— Liao, L. A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide. Chinese medicine, 13 ,
The COVID is antuoxidants acute Antiviral virus-fighting antioxidants contagious Antiviral virus-fighting antioxidants characterized by pneumonia and ARDS. Virus-fightong disease viruus-fighting caused by SARS-CoV-2, which belongs Acai berry free radicals the family of Coronaviridae AAntiviral with Ativiral and SARS-CoV Natural immune system support virus has the positive-sense RNA as its genome encoding for ~26 proteins that work together for the virus survival, replication, and spread in the host. The virus gets transmitted through the contact of aerosol droplets from infected persons. Currently, several vaccines and drugs are being evaluated for their efficacy, safety, and for determination of doses for COVID and this requires considerable time for their validation. Therefore, exploring the repurposing of natural compounds may provide alternatives against COVIDAntiviral virus-fighting antioxidants -
Excellent choices for carrier oils include coconut oil and olive oil. Be sure to add in some lemon balm for the scent of citrus fruits and an extra dose of antiviral properties! The sea-based superfood spirulina is one of the most versatile antiviral foods.
You can add spirulina powder to a variety of superfood smoothies. If you never thought about doing so, it might be time to reconsider. One study looked at the effects of spirulina on three predominant types of influenza 9.
Considerable evidence suggests that after one hour, the blue algae inhibited virus replication. Many of the antiviral benefits of spirulina are attributed to its high levels of cyanovirin-N.
This protein has shown promise in slowing down the progression of HIV to AIDS This plant-based food is also a great source of Vitamin E. Vitamin E not only helps fight off free radicals but it helps convert our food to energy.
So, by consuming Vitamin E, we can cut down the inflammatory-causing fat tissues that might cause an adverse immune response. This preventative measure makes our body less susceptible to viral replication. If you give a shiitake about your health, you should give shiitake mushrooms a try.
In fact, shittake mushrooms are so popular that many health food stores sell it in organic teas! Shiitake mushrooms are teeming with beta-glucans.
These are sugars that have antiviral capabilities. In fact, hospitals administer beta-glucans via an IV to prevent infection post-surgery One study on the antiviral benefits of shiitake mushrooms found that these foods had a positive impact on the immune system.
Researchers stated that compounds in shiitake mushrooms increased secretory immunoglobulin A sIgA in the body They noted that this action improved gut motility, which would help with many gastro problems. sIgA is an antibody. It plays a significant role in protecting the cell membrane.
As we mentioned, viruses like to use the cells as hosts so they can carry out their agenda. Eating antiviral foods rich in sIgA can help prevent that attack.
We are big proponents of drinking tea in a healthy gut diet plan. Green tea is one of the many reasons why tea time is always on our agenda.
Our tasty brew is enriched with catechins. In particular, green tea has an abundance of epigallocatechin gallate EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG and ECG inhibited the activity of viral RNA ribonucleic acid , which suppressed virus propagation Suffice to say, if you are showing some symptoms of the flu, get the tea flowing.
Add some star anise to your green tea. If not, try the next item on our list of top antiviral foods. Elderberries are finally getting the credit they deserve in the world of flu prevention.
These things got more Vitamin C than the ever-popular orange! Compounds in this superfruit bind onto the little spikes found on virus proteins. As a result, these viruses are unable to leech onto healthy cells and overtake the system. One study administered treatment to 60 influenza patients Half received elderberry syrup, while the other group had a placebo.
Those who consumed elderberry felt better on an average of four days sooner than their counterparts. It should be noted that elderberries are one of the best foods for flu and preventative measures against viral attacks. In fact, many Vitamin C supplements contain elderberry.
However, if you have COVID, Dr. Weil suggests to stop using this immune booster. He noted that cases of the coronavirus may experience an adverse immune response from elderberry.
One of the best antiviral foods is probiotics. Magnesium and Immune Function: An Overview. Magnesium Rich Food. Cleveland Clinic. November 24, April 1, Betteridge DJ. What Is Oxidative Stress? February Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C. Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health.
International Journal of Biomedical Science. June Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. November Vitamin C. March 26, Lee S, Choi Y, Jeong HS, et al. Effect of Different Cooking Methods on the Content of Vitamins and True Retention in Selected Vegetables.
Food Science and Biotechnology. April Vitamin E. March 22, Avery J, Hoffmann P. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Immunity. September 1, Bayan L, Koulivand PH, Gorji A.
Garlic: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. January—February Quercetin as an Antiviral Agent Inhibits Influenza A Virus IAV Entry.
January Lee A, Lee JY, Yoo HJ, et al. Consumption of Dairy Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus Paracasei ssp. Paracasei, Bifidobacterium Animalis ssp. Lactis and Heat-Treated Lactobacillus Plantarum Improves Immune Function Including Natural Killer Cell Activity.
Wastyk H, Fragiadakis G, Perelman D, et al. Gut-Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status. August 5, Sugar American Heart Association. November 2, Ma X, Nan F, Liang H, et al. Excessive Intake of Sugar: An Accomplice of Inflammation.
Frontiers in Immunology. August 31, Vogelzang A, McGuire HM, Liu SM, et al. Journal of Immunology. February 15, More Key Topics. Water, Hydration and Health. Nutrition Reviews. August 1, Mayo Clinic. ANOVA results indicate that H 2 O 2 production by lung cells significantly increased with influenza infection 2.
There was no significant overall effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on H 2 O 2 production before or following infection. However, H 2 O 2 production on Day 0 tended to be lower in vitamin E 2.
Levels of H 2 O 2 production by GSH 2. There was, however, no significant effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on plasma IL-6 levels before or after influenza infection. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between plasma IL-6 levels and weight loss or food intake.
There was no significant effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on lung IL-1β levels before or after influenza infection.
As shown in Fig. Overall, there was no effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on IL-6 levels and no significant interaction between infection and diet. However, as only the vitamin E group showed lower viral titer, confirming our previous observations 11 , and no significant weight loss following infection, IL-6 levels in each group were compared to that of the control group using a post-hoc test.
IL-6 levels following infection were significantly lower in the vitamin E group There was no main effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation and no significant interaction between infection and diet.
However, because TNF-α has been shown to have significant effects on appetite and body weight, and only the vitamin E group showed no significant weight loss and significantly higher food intake, TNF-α levels in each group were individually compared to that of the control group using a follow-up test.
TNF-α levels following infection were significantly lower in the vitamin E group 1. Influenza virus is a significant human pathogen.
The clinical expression of infection with influenza virus is variable and greatly influenced by the age, physiological state, and immunological experience of the host.
Morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics are particularly high among elderly people The increased susceptibility of elders to influenza virus infection can be attributed to several factors, including age-associated decline of cell-mediated immune and humoral immune responses and increased oxidative stress with aging.
Oxidative stress has been shown to play a role in both pathogenesis and infectivity of influenza virus 4 9 Vitamin E, a potent biological antioxidant, has been shown to enhance cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in aged mice and humans 28 We previously demonstrated that vitamin E supplementation in old mice resulted in a significant reduction of lung influenza virus titer after influenza infection In the current study, we tested the effect of long-term supplementation with vitamin E and other dietary and nondietary antioxidants on the course of influenza infection.
Of the antioxidants tested, only vitamin E supplementation was effective in decreasing lung viral titer and preventing the weight loss and decreased food intake typically observed with influenza virus infection.
GSH, which has been shown to play an important role in the detoxification of ROS and xenobiotics and in regulating immune function 23 30 , had no effect on lung viral titer.
Melatonin, which acts as an intracellular scavenger of hydroxyl and peroxyl free radicals 12 31 and enhances immune response 32 , tended to reduce H 2 O 2 production by lung cells, but did not have a significant effect on liver MDA and 4-HNE levels or on lung influenza viral titer.
or administration route of melatonin [oral vs i. injection; 31 32 ]. Strawberry extract has been shown to have high antioxidant activity in vitro, as measured by the ORAC assay Animals fed strawberry extract-supplemented diet had significantly lower levels of liver 4-HNE compared to those fed the control diet, yet supplementation with strawberry extract did not affect lung influenza viral titer.
This lack of effect by other antioxidants on lung viral titer might represent the difference in biological availability of these compounds compared to vitamin E.
On the other hand, this lack of an effect suggests that factors other than antioxidant activity might have contributed to the protective effect of vitamin E against influenza infection. Rather, GSH abolished vitamin E's beneficial effect. This indicates that there is an interaction between GSH and vitamin E.
H 2 O 2 production in lung increased following influenza infection in this study. Buffinton and colleagues 27 also reported increased H 2 O 2 in the lungs of mice suffering from influenza.
Increased production of oxidants can decrease viral clearance by suppressing the immune response. In addition, increased oxidative stress can enhance viral titer by inactivating the antiprotease that affects the activation of virus by proteolytic cleavage 4 9. In this study, there was no difference in H 2 O 2 production following influenza infection Day 5 between different dietary groups.
On Day 0, vitamin E and melatonin groups tended to have lower H 2 O 2 production compared to the control group. However, only the vitamin E group had significantly lower viral titer.
Taken together, these results indicate that vitamin E's effect on lowering viral titer is not solely due to its antioxidant property. Viral infection results in acute phase responses including lethargy, fever, and anorexia In our study, significant weight loss due to anorexia was observed in all experimental groups except the vitamin E-supplemented group over the 5 days postinfection.
The vitamin E-supplemented group consumed about twice as much food and showed about one third of the weight loss of the other groups. The mechanisms by which the host triggers the acute phase responses are not known.
Cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN, produced upon viral infection, are capable of causing both fever and anorexia 33 Serum IL-6 levels were shown to be higher in aged than in young mice and to increase following influenza infection 34 Thivierge and Rola-Pleszczynski 36 showed that prostaglandin PG E 2 can increase the production of IL-6 by macrophages, and vitamin E has been shown to decrease PGE 2 and IL-6 production 29 There was no overall effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on lung IL-6 levels, but mice in the vitamin E group showed significantly lower lung IL-6 levels than those in the control group on Day 5, postinfection.
In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between lung IL-6 levels and weight loss following influenza infection.
However, we did not observe a significant effect of antioxidant supplementation on plasma IL-6 levels in this study.
In addition, no significant correlation between weight loss and plasma IL-6 levels was observed. Thus, the beneficial effect of vitamin E on weight loss could be explained by the difference in lung IL-6 levels following infection but not by a change in plasma IL-6 levels.
Vitamin E, added in vitro, has been shown to inhibit endotoxin-induced production of TNF-α by alveolar macrophages and Kupffer cells 38 Dietary supplementation of vitamin E in mice infected with LP-BM5 retrovirus has been shown to decrease the virus-induced elevation of TNF-α production by lipopolysaccharide LPS -stimulated splenocytes In our study, lung TNF-α levels increased with infection.
The vitamin E group had lower levels of pulmonary TNF-α than the control group after infection although there was no overall effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on lung TNF-α levels.
In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between lung TNF-α levels and weight loss. Thus, the effect of vitamin E on weight loss might have been mediated through a reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 production.
TNF-α has a dual role in influenza infection. While it has been shown to have an antiviral property 41 , its higher production following infection contributes to pathogenesis of influenza including loss of appetite and weight loss 33 Thus, while the reduction of TNF-α by vitamin E can contribute to its effect on weight loss, it cannot explain vitamin E-induced reduction of viral titer.
Similarly, while reduction of IL-6 by vitamin E supplementation contributes to maintenance of weight, it cannot explain its effect on viral titer, as IL-6 is not known to have direct antiviral effect. Another possible mechanism of vitamin E's effect on food intake could be suppression of cyclooxygenase products, particularly PGE 2.
Macrophages and spleens from old mice have significantly higher production of cyclooxygenase products 43 We have previously shown that vitamin E can inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and decrease PGE 2 production using similar dietary treatments 29 Shimomura and colleagues 46 showed that suppressed food intake by peripheral administration of IL-1 was partially restored to control levels by ibuprofen, a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
Future studies are planned to determine the contribution of IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE 2 in vitamin E-induced prevention of weight loss following influenza infection.
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that long-term vitamin E supplementation is effective in lowering viral titer and preventing decreased food intake and weight loss following influenza infection in aged mice.
This beneficial effect was not observed with the other antioxidants tested. Vitamin E's effect on prevention of weight loss following influenza infection appears to be due to reduction in lung IL-6 and TNF-α levels. While the mechanism of vitamin E's protective effect on viral titer needs to be delineated, these results suggest that mechanisms other than antioxidant protection are likely to be involved.
Effect of Long-term Antioxidant Supplementation on Plasma α-Tocopherol and Melatonin and Liver Glutathione GSH Concentrations. Effect of Dietary Antioxidant Supplementation on Weight Loss and Food Intake Following Influenza Virus Infection.
Effect of Dietary Antioxidant Supplementation on Liver 4-Hydroxynonenal 4-HNE and Malondialdehyde MDA Levels. Mice were euthanized 5 days postinfection. Correlation between weight loss and food intake during 5 days post influenza virus infection. Day 0 hatched bar represents results from noninfected mice, and Day 5 solid bar represents results from mice 5 days postinfection.
p values are. Overall, there was no significant effect of diet on lung IL Correlation between weight loss and lung IL-6 level. Overall, there was no significant effect of diet on lung TNF-α. Correlation between weight loss and lung TNF-α level.
This research was based upon work supported by the U. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.
Department of Agriculture. The authors thank Dr. Alison A. Beharka and Robert Cottey for technical assistance and Joanne Meegan for preparation of the manuscript.
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Hinshaw VS, Olsen CW, Dybdahl-Sissoko N, Evans D, Apoptosis: a mechanism of cell killing by influenza A and B viruses. Babior B, Oxidants from phagocytes: agents of defense and destruction.
Oda T, Akaike T, Hamamoto T, Suzuki F, Hirano T, Maeda H, Oxygen radicals in influenza-induced pathogenesis and treatment with pyran polymer-conjugated SOD.
Pahl HL, Baeuerle PA, Expression of influenza virus hemagglutinin activates transcription factor NF-κB. J Virol. Peterhans E, Oxidants and antioxidants in viral diseases: metabolic regulation and autotoxicity. Frei B, , ed. Natural Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Jacoby DB, Choi AMK, Influenza virus induces expression of antioxidant genes in human epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. Hayek MG, Taylor SF, Bender BS, et al. Vitamin E supplementation decreases lung virus titers in mice infected with influenza. J Infect Dis.
Reiter RJ, Pablos MI, Agapito TT, Guerrero JM, Melatonin in the context of the free radical theory of aging. Ann NY Acad Sci. Pierpaoli W, Regelson W,
Natural African mango extract dietary decision you Natural African mango extract can virus-fifhting help or harm your virus-fightinng system. Each food we Anti-aging diet is enriched with vitamins, Antiviral virus-fighting antioxidants, antioidants, and proteins that can either boost or hinder your overall health. The difference in these nutrients is what gives some foods different benefits, including antiviral properties. Antiviral foods are enriched with a litany of organic compounds that help fight off pathogens within the body. Viruses like to infiltrate healthy cells and use their membranes as a host. Here is where viral replication takes place. Home Amtiviral Immune System » Antiviral Antiviral virus-fighting antioxidants. The immune system Sustainable seed options composed of a group Antiviral virus-fighting antioxidants chemicals, cells, proteins and tissues that antioxieants together to destroy Antioxidantz it perceives as a threat to our well-being. Immune cells play a crucial role in the protection of our body against the many foreign substances, pathogens and viruses it comes into contact with every day. It is constantly working to keep us alive. This article outline 10 anti-viral herbs and supplements that are known for their immune-enhancing properties.
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