Nutritional supplements for diabetes -
Eighteen studies on leucine, seventeen on taurine, and one on Beta-Alanine supplementation met inclusion criteria. Only one human RCT was found for leucine supplementation, and concluded no effect on glucose or insulin sensitivity Many potential articles were excluded for examining multiple amino acids in conjunction.
Animal studies in leucine supplementation indicated potential benefits for glycemia fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance and pancreatic insulin secretion, but no effect on β-cell development, fasting insulin, or blood lipid concentrations. Narrative reviews highlighted the role of leucine as a potential insulin secretagogue to improve glucose homeostasis, but the mechanism remains unknown.
Three human crossover trials were identified for taurine supplementation, two of which concluded no benefit on insulin sensitivity or platelet aggregation 34 , The third was conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes, and showed benefits of supplementation for vascular stiffness There were mixed results regarding beta cell function and glycemia.
Narrative reviews stated that taurine may be beneficial for diabetes but cite a lack of clinical evidence. Twenty-six studies were reviewed on dietary fiber supplementation. One meta-analysis of human RCTs found beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation on HbA1c, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR Human clinical trials conclude positive results following supplementation of a wide range of fibers, including insoluble fiber, galacto-oligosaccharides GOS , chicory inulin, and beta-glucan.
Animal RCTs concluded beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation from wheat bran extract, GOS, barley, and beta-glucan on outcomes related to glucose, HbA1c, and microbial diversity. There were mixed effects of supplementation on insulin sensitivity. Narrative reviews highlighted the potential benefits of prebiotics on glycemic and microbial outcomes and soluble fiber for glycemic response, insulin concentrations, and body weight.
Additionally, there were six studies on trans-fat supplementation, four on protein supplementation, and three on caffeine supplementation that met inclusion criteria. The most common trans-fat supplementation was conjugated linoleic acid CLA , which negatively impacted insulin sensitivity in prediabetic men, despite having beneficial effects on insulin secretion in animals Trans-vaccenic acid also improved insulin sensitivity and secretion in animals.
In humans, protein supplementation had mixed effects on adipokine concentrations, yet improved adiponectin and insulin concentrations in animals. One study found that glucosamine supplementation induced insulin resistance in animals A narrative review cited milk proteins to potentially improve postprandial glucose, but more work is needed into the effects of isolated milk proteins whey, casein , rather than within the dairy matrix, in order for conclusions to be made Caffeine supplementation did not significantly affect platelet aggregation of ATP signaling in animal studies.
A crossover trial investigated the effects of caffeine on post-exercise glucose concentrations in individuals with T1D, and found that it may contribute to late-onset hypoglycemia and should be used with caution This scoping review utilized the ODS Researcher Database and a novel web-scraping program to summarize existing evidence supporting dietary supplement use for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
While there were several supplement ingredients that had a larger volume of studies suggesting support of their use e.
dietary fiber, selenium, and zinc , the overall results were modest with few human RCTs or meta-analyses Table 2. In general, we found that most, but not all, ingredients that are currently included in supplements for diabetes had very little to no evidence supporting their use.
Ingredients that had zero articles meeting our inclusion criteria were phosphorus, pantothenic acid, calcium, magnesium, glutamine, isoleucine, tyrosine, choline, and creatine monohydrate. These ingredients are present in a total of supplements in the ODS database that make a health claim related to diabetes, despite limited evidence.
The ingredients with the greatest scientific evidence, fiber, selenium and zinc, totaled products in the ODS database. It is evident that there is a need for greater cohesion between scientific evidence and consumption of dietary supplements.
Many studies were excluded for relying on self-reported diet or supplement intake and associations with reductions in diabetes-related secondary symptoms or for administering treatment as co-supplementation We and other teams have shown the unreliability of self-reported dietary intake, and its use can lead to the publishing of inaccurate diet-disease relationships 40 , In co-supplementation, it is impossible to isolate individual effects of one ingredient if it not examined separately.
One common co-supplementation was Vitamin C and Vitamin E, which have been examined in a meta-analysis for their effects on HOMA-IR but concluded no benefit. In the case of reporting a reduction of secondary symptoms of diabetes, such as improved glycemic control, we are unsure if this was the primary goal of the study.
It is unclear why these secondary symptoms would be reported without reporting changes in standard measures for presence of diabetes, such as insulin levels, fasting glucose, and HbA1c. Clearly stated research questions a statistical statement of the null and alternative hypothesis and registration with clincialtrials.
gov will eliminate these doubts Previous reviews on supplement use for diabetes mellitus have concluded mixed results. Twenty-seven meta-analyses were identified in the current study, assessing eight different ingredients.
Supplementation of vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, chromium, and selenium was found to have mixed or null effects on diabetes-related outcomes in meta-analyses. Zinc and fiber were the only two ingredients with consistent positive results in meta-analyses.
There were many notable narrative reviews assessed in the present study, which largely concluded a potential benefit for a particular supplement yet acknowledged the lack of clinical evidence to make such claims. We suspect that the large volume of literature available in the field is not conducive to standard systematic reviews.
Despite lack of clinical evidence, consumers will continue to take dietary supplements for perceived benefit regarding diabetes, thus it is important for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about common supplements and their potential effects.
The role of supplement use for diabetes management, and its potential interactions with other medical treatment approaches, have been reviewed from a pharmacy standpoint and from that of complementary and alternative medicine As supplement use continues to grow in the US, it is important for healthcare professionals to understand the evidence behind supplements and their potential role as part of medical care.
The most commonly used supplements in this population were lycopene, vitamin D, and vitamin B This study had several strengths. The use of R and the web scrape allowed for thousands of studies indexed in PubMed to be searched based on inclusion of specific keywords.
This approach also decreases the potential for human error as it relies on computer extraction of relevant studies rather than manual. Using this method also allows for a rigorous treatment of the which literature to include by the applying the capacity to automatically scrape abstracts.
Another strength of this study design is the broad inclusion criteria. As many included studies were conducted in animal models, we were able to assess the effects of supplementation on diabetes-related outcomes in a preclinical model.
This is important, as results from animal models can still be used as background to support a dietary supplement claim in conjunction with results from human studies Finally, exclusion criteria involved removing cross-sectional studies or those relying on self-reported dietary or supplement intake.
Self-report dietary intake has been evidenced to be unreliable due to reasons such as recall bias, misestimation of portion sizes, and social desirability bias. To best infer causality between supplement intake and diabetes-related health outcomes, the decision was made to only include controlled experimental trials.
This study is also not without limitations. Included supplements were limited to those indexed in the ODS DSLD. This resource is updated regularly and thoroughly by the ODS and the National Library of Medicine, but it is still possible that there may be relevant supplements that were not found in the search strategy.
Additionally, terms related to diabetes i. or diabetes comorbidities were not searched. The purpose of this review was to scope the evidence of current products on the market for diabetes, and not systematically review all supplements related to glycemic control and insulin sensitivity.
The effects of individual supplements and diabetes-related outcomes have been systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed previously, including chromium 46 , 47 , magnesium 48 , 49 , 50 , vitamin D 51 , and vitamin E Finally, the search for articles was limited to those indexed in PubMed.
This allowed our search to be limited to peer-reviewed articles that are pertinent to biomedical sciences and could be searched for pertinent keywords in the title and abstract. However, the authors acknowledge that there may have been potentially relevant studies that were not indexed in PubMed.
In conclusion, there does not exist strong evidence to support the use of many commercial supplements for management of diabetes or its comorbidities.
Even existing support is limited due to poor study design and uncontrolled study methods. Before recommendations for supplement use to treat diabetes can be made, there is a need for well-designed human clinical trials to evaluate the role of these ingredients in diabetes-related outcomes.
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Riserus, U. Supplementation with trans10cisconjugated linoleic acid induces hyperproinsulinaemia in obese men: close association with impaired insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 47 , — Vinceti M. Selenium exposure and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Wang, X. Zinc supplementation improves glycemic control for diabetes prevention and management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aziz, N. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of zinc supplementation in testes of rats with experimentally induced diabetes.
Leenders, M. Prolonged leucine supplementation does not augment muscle mass or affect glycemic control in elderly type 2 diabetic men. Brons, C. Effect of taurine treatment on insulin secretion and action, and on serum lipid levels in overweight men with a genetic predisposition for type II diabetes mellitus.
Spohr, C. No effect of taurine on platelet aggregation in men with a predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Platelets 16 , — Moloney, M. Two weeks taurine supplementation reverses endothelial dysfunction in young male type 1 diabetics.
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Abstract P Prevalence and trends in dietary supplement use among diabetic adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, — Circulation , AP Guidance for Industry: Substantiation for Dietary Supplement Claims Made Under Section r 6 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
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Effects of vitamin E supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Download references. Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
For example, supplement manufacturers are not required to obtain FDA approval to market their products. Manufacturers are responsible for determining that their products are safe. Also, supplement manufacturers are responsible for determining their own practice guidelines to ensure that products contain what they claim to contain and are safe.
The FDA cannot remove a supplement from the market unless it is proven that the supplement is unsafe. The FDA does require that the supplement containers provide a Supplement Facts panel similar to the Nutrition Facts label found on packaged foods that identifies each ingredient in the product.
htm what. GMPs help ensure that supplements are produced in an environment that focuses on several quality assurance standards, including cleanliness and safety, strict documentation, and in-house testing.
There are independent laboratories and consumer organizations that reinforce GMPs and test dietary supplements for quality and safety, including ConsumerLab. com , the U. Pharmacopeia look for the USP seal on the product , the National Sanitation Foundation, and even Good Housekeeping.
Many supplements are used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Although this article addresses several common supplements that health care providers are likely to encounter in their practice, it does not offer an extensive or exhaustive listing. Intended use.
Alpha lipoic acid ALA , sometimes called lipoic acid or thioctic acid, is an antioxidant that works in a manner similar to the B complex vitamins, helping the body convert food into energy.
ALA has been used with success for quite some time in Germany as a treatment for peripheral neuropathy. However, there is no evidence that ALA prevents neuropathy, and longer-term trials are needed to determine whether ALA slows the progression of neuropathy or just improves symptoms.
ALA may also lower blood glucose levels; therefore, patients should be advised to monitor glucose levels more frequently when taking this supplement. ALA can be found in liver, spinach, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, peas, potatoes, and yeast. Typical dosing. Potential side effects. Side effects of ALA are relatively rare but may include hypoglycemia if taken in conjunction with insulin or insulin secretagogues , rash, thiamine deficiency in those at risk, and possible interaction with treatment for under-or overactive thyroid.
Bitter melon Momordica charantia is a green fruit related to cantaloupe, honeydew, casaba, and muskmelon. Found in tropical climates, bitter melon also called bitter gourd or bitter cucumber is used mainly in India, Asia, South America, and Africa, both in cooking and as a medicine. The fruit and seeds of the bitter melon are believed to lower glucose levels; possible modes of action include increased glucose uptake by tissues, increased muscle and liver glycogen synthesis, and enhanced glucose oxidation.
Researchers have isolated four compounds from bitter melon that activate an enzyme called AMPK. AMPK regulates fuel metabolism and promotes glucose uptake in a manner similar to exercise. Bitter melon may be consumed as a vegetable, tea, or juice or may be ingested in capsule form.
It has even been used as an injection. Because of wide variations in the form of bitter melon consumed, there is no typical dosing regimen. However, doses of between 50 and ml ~ tablespoons have been used. Bitter melon eaten as a vegetable is likely to be safe.
People allergic to melons may experience an allergic reaction to bitter melon; symptoms include rash, itching, and shortness of breath. The main side effect of bitter melon, however, is gastrointestinal distress. Other adverse effects include headache, hemolytic anemia, and hypoglycemia if ingested with medications that lower blood glucose.
Pregnant women should avoid bitter melon due to the risk of possible birth defects and miscarriage. In addition to enhancing the effect of glucose-lowering medication, bitter melon may interact with lipid-lowering drugs, immune system suppressants, and chemotherapy medications.
Chromium is an essential trace mineral that is needed for glucose metabolism. It works by enhancing the effect of insulin.
Chromium, usually in the form of chromium picolinate, is a popular supplement among people with diabetes and those who are interested in losing weight. Its effect on glucose levels has been researched, with mixed results. Chromium is found primarily in two forms: trivalent, a biologically active form found in food, and hexavalent, which is toxic and a result of industrial pollution.
The effects of chromium supplementation in people with diabetes have been mixed. Although a meta-analysis 8 of the effects of chromium supplements on A1C, glucose, and insulin levels showed little effect among those with and without diabetes, other studies have shown some benefit on these same markers in subjects who were chromium deficient.
Other studies have shown little, if any, benefit of chromium supplements on weight loss. However, the amount of chromium in food is challenging to determine because of varying agricultural and manufacturing processes.
Excessively high intakes of chromium may cause renal and liver failure, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, skin reactions, and mood disturbances. Chromium may interact with a number of medications, including anatacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, β-blockers, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and nicotinic acid.
In addition, patients who take insulin or insulin secretagogues and chromium may have an added risk of hypoglycemia. Cinnamon has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. There are two types of cinnamon: Ceylon and cassia. Cassia cinnamon the kind people use for cooking and baking is the type used in the purported treatment of diabetes, as well as for the treatment of gastrointestinal distress.
The active ingredient in cinnamon is hydroxychalcone, a substance that is thought to enhance insulin action. In a study published in the journal Diabetes Care , type 2 diabetic subjects consumed 1, 3, or 6 g of cinnamon daily for 40 days. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels also improved with cinnamon, but no changes in A1C were reported.
Although cinnamon may lower fasting glucose levels, it does not appear to lower A1C levels. Cinnamon is typically consumed in ground form, sprinkled on foods or used as a spice in baking.
It is also consumed as a tea and is available in capsule form and as an essential oil. There are few adverse effects from taking cinnamon. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, and contact dermatitis is a possibility.
Also, hypoglycemia could occur in those taking insulin or using an insulin secretagogue. People with liver damage should use cinnamon with caution.
A potential cause for concern is that cassia cinnamon naturally contains a substance called coumarin. Large doses of coumarin, which is also found in celery and parsley, may lead to or worsen liver damage. Fenugreek has been used since ancient times for a variety of ailments, including digestive problems and menopausal symptoms.
Native to India and North Africa, fenugreek seeds are also used as part of ayurvedic medicine. Currently, fenugreek is a popular remedy for type 2 diabetes, among other health conditions, but it is also used in cooking.
Interestingly, it tastes and smells like maple syrup. Several small studies have indicated that these seeds may help lower blood glucose, possibly by stimulating the release of insulin.
Because fenugreek seeds contain fiber, it is thought that the seeds may slow gastric emptying and thus carbohydrate digestion and absorption. The seeds may also lower cholesterol and triglycerides. In studies of patients with type 2 diabetes, fenugreek has been consumed as seeds or as a hydroalcoholic extract.
Fenugreek is also available in capsule form and as a tea. Ingesting fenugreek as seeds or in capsule form may lead to gastrointestinal distress gas, bloating, diarrhea. Pregnant women should be advised to avoid taking fenugreek because it may lead to uterine contractions.
Fenugreek may interact with blood-thinning medications and can enhance the effect of insulin and insulin secretagogues; therefore, hypoglycemia is another possible side effect. Gymnema gymnema sylvestre is a woody plant originating in central and southern India but used in traditional medicine in Japan, Australia, and Vietnam.
Gymnema has been used to treat a number of conditions, including stomach ailments, constipation, liver disease, and heart arrhythmias. One of its main uses has been to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and studies, although few, have shown that it has led to a decrease in both A1C and fasting glucose levels.
In addition to its glycemic effect, gymnema may have a lipid-lowering effect. It can also be ingested in capsule form or as a tea. Gymnema may lead to hypoglycemia if taken along with insulin or insulin secretagogues.
It may also interfere with the ability to taste sweet or bitter flavors. Despite insufficient data on supplement safety and effectiveness, the fact remains that people with diabetes do and will continue to use dietary supplements.
In addition, many people believe that if an herb or product has been used for hundreds or thousands of years, it must be okay. Health care providers have a responsibility to ask their patients about any and all dietary supplements that they take, just as they ask about medications; provide information, if available, about the safety and effectiveness of those supplements; be familiar with common supplements used for the treatment of diabetes or know of resources from which to obtain this information; and also be familiar with possible side effects of and drug interactions with supplements.
Following are some suggestions for discussing supplements with patients. Ask patients why they are interested in taking a supplement and for what particular condition they wish to take it.
Are they worried about taking a medication, perhaps because of possible side effects or cost? Did they see an info-mercial on television or read about a particular supplement on the Internet and conclude that the supplement can benefit them?
Inform patients about claims that sound too good to be true. Provide a resource list of reliable sources of information. Some dietary supplements should be avoided altogether because they can be extremely harmful.
These include chaparral, comfrey, germander, bitter orange, yohimbe, lobelia, wormwood, kava, pennyroyal oil, skullcap, and aristolochic acid. Other supplements may pose a risk for patients taking blood-thinning medications.
Amy P. Campbell, MS, RD, LDN, CDE, diabete a manager of Improved cognitive function education programs, Sup;lements Services, at Joslin Nutriional Center, Nutritional supplements for diabetes Boston, Mass. Campbell; Diabetes and Nutritional supplements for diabetes Supplements. Clin Diabetes 1 January ; 28 1 : 35— A s the incidence of diabetes increases to epidemic proportions, people with diabetes are turning more and more to alternative therapies to help manage this condition, despite the availability of numerous traditional therapies. First, it is helpful to be familiar with some terminology. Certain Nutritional supplements for diabetes, including Nutritional supplements for diabetes doabetes aloe vera, may help lower blood sugar. Some Energy-enhancing tips for wellness may have a beneficial effect on blood glucose control in people supolements type 2 diabetes. Supplfments, research into supplement efficacy in managing the condition is often mixed. Cinnamon supplements are either made from whole cinnamon powder or an extract. Many studies suggest it helps lower blood sugar and improves diabetes control. In turn, this allows sugar into your cells, lowering blood sugar. The common Cassia variety of cinnamon contains more coumarin, which may harm your liver in high amounts.Safety First: Supplements are unregulated Nutritional supplements for diabetes Hydration for recreational exercisers Food Immunity strengthening foods Drug Nutritional supplements for diabetes FDA.
For the safest products, look for the Nuteitional States Pharmacopeia USP Nutritionwl on the suppleents. That means the supplement meets Nutritioanl standards of Suplements USP. Ask your pharmacist Nytritional help or visit Operation Supplement Safety. Whether or Nutritiinal a dabetes has clinical evidence to Nutritional supplements for diabetes it helps suppleements diabetes or related complications, the bigger question to ask supppements, are diwbetes going to be harmed supplememts taking this Nutritioanl Nutritional supplements for diabetes vitamin?
Nutritional supplements for diabetes think Nutritiomal a suppleemnts contains the Nutritional supplements for diabetes Nutrotional and minerals supplejents whole supplememts, so why not just pop a pill?
Think of it like Air displacement plethysmography system foods contain a mix of minerals, Nutritional supplements for diabetes, enzymes, fiber, and Nutritional supplements for diabetes substances that may help your supplementa absorb and use these Nutfitional.
Eating a well-balanced meal is much healthier than a multivitamin. If you have diabetew true Nutritional supplements for diabetes deficiency, however, Nutritipnal supplement may supplement helpful. Americans are most commonly deficient in vitamins Xupplements and B12, Cholesterol level and diet recommendations, and iron.
Supplements may cause unwelcome—or suppplements effects, especially if they interact with your medications. While some ingredients could intensify the effects of your diabetes meds, causing hypoglycemia low blood glucose, also called blood sugarothers may have the opposite effect, leading to hyperglycemia high blood glucose.
Research on many supplements is inconclusive. Talk to your health care provider before you start taking chromium, vitamin E, St. Confused about what to take? Daily Dose Many think that a supplement contains the same vitamins and minerals as whole foods, so why not just pop a pill?
Supplements That Impact Blood Glucose Supplements may cause unwelcome—or dangerous—side effects, especially if they interact with your medications. Chromium A chromium deficiency may lead to high blood sugar levels. Chromium supplements might further damage the kidneys and worsen the disease. Among people with heart disease being treated with the blood thinner warfarin, those most likely to experience bleeding events have higher levels of vitamin E in their bodies.
Other studies have found that St. Besides warfarin, those include apixaban, dabigatran, heparin, and rivaroxaban. Niacin raises fasting glucose levels your blood sugar levels when you are not eating for people with diabetes, meaning the risks may outweigh the benefits.
A chat with your health care provider can help you determine if this is safe for you to take. People who take metformin for type 2 diabetes have lower levels of vitamin B There is an association between higher concentrations of vitamin D in the blood during childhood and a lower risk of type 1 diabetes.
Cinnamon supplements do nothing to help people with type 2 achieve treatment goals or provide a reliable drop in blood sugar. However, since cinnamon is fragrant seasoning, you can use it flavor your food instead of sugary condiments. Enjoy a sprinkling of cinnamon on oatmeal instead of taking supplements.
Alpha-lipoic acid ALA reduces pain from diabetic neuropathy. ALA injections, which are available only in Europe, improve symptoms of neuropathy in the short term.
Results are mixed with oral supplements, which are available in the United States.
: Nutritional supplements for diabetes| Related CE | Supplemental Infomation 2. Follow Mayo Clinic. However, it is possible to have symptoms caused by high levels of vitamin B12, as some case reports show. Magnesium lowered blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes, according to a large systematic review of clinical trials. Li, J. |
| Information for Your Patients | Some dietary supplements may provide some benefit for some conditions associated with type 2 diabetes. Glucose0 and glycaemic factor-lowering effects of probiotics on diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. If you have low magnesium or vitamin D levels, taking those supplements may help cut your risk of developing diabetes. Introduction Dietary supplements comprise a vibrant market in the United States US and around the world. Effect of cinnamon on glucose control and lipid parameters. Article Navigation. |
| Type 2 Diabetes and Dietary Supplements | A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based 10 Supplements to Help Lower Blood Sugar. Medically reviewed by Jerlyn Jones, MS MPA RDN LD CLT , Nutrition — By Marsha McCulloch, MS, RD and Tom Rush — Updated on June 15, Share on Pinterest. American Ginseng. Explore our top resources. Aloe Vera. Discover more about Type 2 Diabetes. Vitamin D. Alpha-Lipoic Acid. The Bottom Line. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Jun 15, Written By Marsha McCulloch, Tom Rush. Medically Reviewed By Jerlyn Jones, MS MPA RDN LD CLT. May 30, Written By Marsha McCulloch. Share this article. Read this next. Can Berberine Supplements Help Manage Diabetes? By Gavin Van De Walle, MS, RD. Study Finds Atlantic Diet Can Help Your Cholesterol and Shrink Your Waistline A new study finds that people on the Atlantic Diet were less likely to develop metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors for diabetes, heart disease… READ MORE. Eating Vegan, Keto Diets May Help Improve Your Immune System In 2 Weeks New research suggests that eating a strict vegan or ketogenic diet can have a rapid positive effect on your immune system. READ MORE. Why is Salmon Good for You? You may be getting magnesium from your food, including fortified products like cereals. At higher doses, magnesium supplements are associated with the following common side effects:. Daily doses of more than 5, mg may cause toxicity. Watch for warning signs like the following:. The evidence for using omega-3 fatty acids for diabetes is mixed. One review of 30 studies determined that omega-3 fatty acids helped decrease blood sugar and insulin resistance when cells don't respond well to insulin, can't easily take up glucose from the blood, and require more insulin. Results from another, smaller review suggest that eating more omega-3 fatty acids helped protect against type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, an analysis of 46 clinical trials showed that omega-3 fatty acids had no significant effects on blood sugar or insulin resistance. In people with type 2 diabetes, omega-3 fatty acids did improve levels of the following:. Adequate Intakes AIs for omega-3s in adults are 1. If you regularly eat fish or nuts, you may get adequate omega-3s. Omega-3s can also be found in fortified foods like eggs, yogurt and milk, juices, cereals, and more. Omega-3 fatty acids don't typically cause severe side effects. However, high levels over four grams per day of omega-3s have modestly increased the risk of atrial fibrillation in people with, or at risk for, cardiovascular disease. Omega-3s may cause mild gastrointestinal effects like the following:. Berberine is an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine the ancient medicine system of India to help lower blood sugar and cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes. A review of 46 clinical trials demonstrated that berberine, with or without standard diabetes medicines , improved the following measurements related to diabetes control:. Effects were greater for berberine plus standard diabetes medicine, but even berberine alone showed modest benefits on hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood sugar levels. Berberine should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding as it may cause jaundice or brain damage in infants who are exposed to it. Side effects of berberine include constipation and diarrhea. Vitamin D is made in the body from sunlight's ultraviolet rays. Research shows that getting enough vitamin D may help prevent both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Supplementing with vitamin D3 cholecalciferol 2, international units IU daily can be helpful in managing or preventing type 1 diabetes. Taking at least 1, IU daily for a year or more significantly lowered the odds of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a review of nine clinical trials. Interestingly, lower doses of vitamin D had no effect on diabetes risk. The normal Recommended Dietary Allowance RDA of vitamin D for adults is IU or 15 mcg. You may be getting additional vitamin D from your food, including special fortified products like:. You can also get adequate vitamin D from sun exposure. However, the following factors can make getting enough vitamin D from sunlight challenging:. Supplementation is a viable option in these cases. However, note that high doses of vitamin D from supplements can cause the following side effects:. Discuss plans to supplement with your healthcare provider or RDN. If it's not well controlled, diabetes can decrease quality of life and cause serious complications , including the following:. Typically, management involves both lifestyle modifications like exercise and a healthy diet and medications like insulin or other prescription medications. Some dietary supplements may cause kidney damage, which people with diabetes are particularly susceptible to. If you have kidney disease, be especially careful about using supplements to help manage your blood sugar. Ultimately, a supplement is not a good substitute for diabetes medications that are proven to be safe and effective. If you have diabetes or are trying to prevent it, it's important to discuss the use of any supplement with your healthcare provider in order to optimize your health goals. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration FDA does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says. When choosing a supplement , look for third-party tested products and consult a healthcare provider, an RD or RDN, or a pharmacist. So far, there's some evidence that dietary supplements like cinnamon, berberine, and vitamin D may improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes. These are not substitutes for FDA-approved diabetes medications, though. A healthy diet is essential in preventing and managing diabetes and its complications. A low-fat, high-fiber diet like the Mediterranean diet can help prevent type 2 diabetes. Low-carbohydrate and vegan diets have also modestly improved blood sugar levels. If you have low magnesium or vitamin D levels, taking those supplements may help cut your risk of developing diabetes. There's some evidence that berberine, cinnamon, and omega-3 fatty acids can benefit people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes high blood sugar levels not high enough to be considered type 2 diabetes. Though more research is needed, cinnamon has been shown to lower blood sugar and insulin resistance in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. For example, chromium can interact with insulin and other diabetes medicines to cause hypoglycemia low blood sugar. And omega-3 fatty acids may increase the effects of blood thinners like Jantoven warfarin and cause excess bleeding. To optimize safety and minimize side effects, discuss the use of any supplements you plan to take with your healthcare provider or pharmacist, who can screen for drug interactions with your current list of medications. American Diabetes Association. Lifestyle Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Diabetes Care. Ofori SN, Unachukwu CN. Holistic approach to prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a family setting. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. Fogacci F, Rizzo M, Krogager C, et al. Safety evaluation of α-lipoic acid supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical studies. Antioxidants Basel. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Diabetes and dietary supplements: What you need to know. Ebada MA, Fayed N, Fayed L, et al. Efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in the management of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Pharm Res. Hegazy SK, Tolba OA, Mostafa TM, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid improves subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. Abubaker SA, Alonazy AM, Abdulrahman A. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review. Vakali E, Rigopoulos D, Carrillo AE, et al. 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| Supplements for Diabetes | Advertising Contacts Editorial Staff Professional Organizations Submitting a Manuscript Media Kit. Fortunately, these 11 vitamins and supplements can boost your energy levels when you need it most. Kelly Clarkson revealed that she was diagnosed with prediabetes, a condition characterized by higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, during an episode…. Measure content performance. Meet Our Medical Expert Board. |
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