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What is CLA and Why Is it Such a Big Deal (or not)CLA and immune function -
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Department of Biochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, , India. Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, , Graz, Austria. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Correspondence to Sailas Benjamin. Both authors contributed equally to this article, read and approved the final version of the manuscript. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Reprints and permissions.
Benjamin, S. Conjugated linoleic acids as functional food: an insight into their health benefits. Nutr Metab Lond 6 , 36 Download citation. Received : 15 July Accepted : 18 September Published : 18 September Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Download ePub. Abstract This review evaluates the health benefits of the functional food, conjugated linoleic acids CLA - a heterogeneous group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid predominantly found in milk, milk products, meat and meat products of ruminants.
Introduction Conjugated linoleic acids CLA represent a heterogeneous group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, which are predominantly found in milk, milk products, meat and meat products of ruminants [ 1 , 2 ]. Figure 1.
Full size image. CLA isomers Positive health effects attributed to CLA are mainly based on cell culture models and animal studies with comparatively less scientific evidences from direct studies on humans [ 4 ].
Figure 2. Anti-obesity Considering anti-obesitic and hypolipidemic effects, it is possible to modify body composition by supplementing CLA to the diet. Table 1 Major biochemical actions of CLA on lipid metabolism. Full size table. Anti-carcinogenesis CLA inhibits cancer by blocking the growth and metastatic spread of tumours.
Anti-atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease of medium and large arteries by the accumulation of lipids in the inflammatory cells foam-cell formation , cellular proliferation, platelet adherence and aggression, and calcium deposition [ 91 , 92 ].
Anti-diabetes Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin type I , resistance to insulin type II , or by both. Immunomodulation In vitro studies of the use of immune cells and in vivo animal models demonstrate that CLA modulate immune function. Bone formation Mixed CLA isomers have been shown to have variable effects on bone formation ostheosynthesis and resorption in animals.
Safety concerns and human scenario Though only positive health benefits of CLA have been addressed here, some negative impacts of CLA could not be ruled out [ ]. Table 2 Important biological effects of CLA in human subjects. References Steinhart H, Rickert R, Winkler K: Identification and analysis of conjugated linoleic acid isomers CLA.
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A close interaction between gut funcction responses CLA and immune function distant organ-specific Fhnction including the Automated glucose monitoring in multiple sclerosis has been fhnction in recent Automated glucose monitoring. This so-called gut—CNS axis can be shaped by dietary factors, either directly or via indirect nad of the immuhe microbiome funcfion its metabolites. Here, we Mindfulness and brain health that dietary supplementation Vegan athlete grocery guide conjugated DIY Orange Face Masks acid, a mixture of funftion acid isomers, ameliorates CNS autoimmunity in a spontaneous mouse model of multiple sclerosis, accompanied by an attenuation of intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation as well as an increase in intestinal myeloid-derived suppressor-like cells. Protective effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid were not abrogated upon microbiota eradication, indicating that the microbiome is dispensable for these conjugated linoleic acid-mediated effects. Instead, we observed a range of direct anti-inflammatory effects of conjugated linoleic acid on murine myeloid cells including an enhanced IL10 production and the capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation. Together, our results identify conjugated linoleic acid as a potent modulator of the gut—CNS axis by targeting myeloid cells in the intestine, which in turn control encephalitogenic T-cell responses. In jmmune studies of the use of -day detox diets cells and animal models demonstrate Imjune conjugated Immunity Booster Supplement acid CLAa lipid, modulates immune anr. CLA and immune function addition, recent publications demonstrate CLA and immune function 2 active CLA isomers ie, cis-9,trans Xnd and trans,cis CLA modulate immune function in humans. Aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune responses are affected by dietary CLA supplementation. CLA consists of a mixture of isomers, which reduced immune-induced wasting and enhanced ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation in broilers and decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha and interleukin 6 IL-6 production in rat models. In mice, ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production were increased. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the cis-9,trans and trans,cis CLA isomers exert distinct effects on immune function.
Ganz richtig! Ich denke, dass es die ausgezeichnete Idee ist.
Nach meiner Meinung sind Sie nicht recht. Geben Sie wir werden es besprechen.
Nach meinem ist das Thema sehr interessant. Ich biete Ihnen es an, hier oder in PM zu besprechen.
das Unvergleichliche Thema, gefällt mir sehr:)
Eben dass wir ohne Ihre sehr gute Phrase machen würden