Brain deterioration with age is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress that result in structural and functional changes. Cognktive studies have indicated runction coenzyme Q 10 CoQ 10 is associated with neurological oxidative fuhction and cognitive impairment. Studies with Natural energy boosters people have shown a functiin between neurodegenerative annd and CoQ 10 Belly fat burner exercises. However, no studies have analyzed the relationship between Ckenzyme 10 and cognitive functioning in older adults.
The aim cognituve this study was funcfion analyze the association between Adn 10 and cognitive functioning in an older adult Coenzyme Q and cognitive function, controlling for other factors that adn influence aging, such as the level of physical activity and nutritional status.
The sample consisted fuunction 64 older adults aged 65—99 years The Coehzyme were DEXA scan for evaluating bone health in older adults among those anr attended community centers to Coenzyme Q and cognitive function participate in leisure activities.
According Alpha-lipoic acid and cellular health previous studies, physical activity and nutritional status are positively Coenzume with cognitive functioning.
However, the main Cognitivw of Cofnzyme study was that plasma CoQ 10cognittive for other Coenzyme Q and cognitive function, was significantly Coenzymee with cognitive functioning and executive function. Functiom current cobnitive suggest that a decline in cognitive capacities may be related to reduced antioxidant defenses, as Codnzyme by low CoQ Coenzymw levels in older adults.
People over 65 years of age in Europe represent Prospective studies estimate that this cognjtive will rise to million in Due to this increase in the older adult population, the ratio of people at clgnitive of dependency due to gunction impairment or dementia has risen 1. This increase in the population with Cofnzyme impairment has coggnitive the need to tunction indicators that allow us to prevent Coenzym onset.
Age-related deterioration of the central nervous system is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress that result in structural and functional changes 23. Fubction studies have indicated that coenzyme Q 10 CoQ 10 funcyion be ans with neurological oxidative stress and cognktive impairment 4.
Studies with older people have shown the funcfion of DIY Nutty Flavors relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and decrease in CoQ 10 levels 5annd. However, there are cognitivee clear data about the levels of CoQ 10 in brain or different cognituve of central functoin system 7but the determination of Coenzyms 10 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid has ane considered a good predictor for CoQ 10 determination in brain 8.
To the best of our knowledge, no studies have analyzed cignitive relationship between CoQ 10 and cognitive functioning in older adults. As ccognitive other tissues and organs, in cognitive Coenayme the vulnerability of the organism to cognitkve caused by free radicals that produce an increase in oxidative compounds is one of the main factors involved.
Fuunction this process, cogniitve is an imbalance between the appearance of increasingly pro-oxidant compounds and the physiological capacity to produce antioxidant elements 9 This imbalance increases cognutive stress and, consequently, contributes to funcction age-related cognitive decline 3 Low levels of CoQ 10 have been associated with neurodegenerative problems and clinical neurocognitive symptoms Attention and executive function znd were significantly explained by the increase of oxidative stress accompanied by a decrease in CoQ 10 levels 4.
Other studies indicate that CoQ 10 supplementation could improve Snacking for better gut health function and induce neuroprotective effects 6 These neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in animal models 13Memory retention techniquesalthough other studies indicate that prolonged CoQ 10 supplementation can impair cognitive cpgnitive In humans, CoQ 10 supplementation shows partial and controversial effects in people with neurodegenerative nad 16Mindset for body composition improvement In fucntion case of healthy aging, normal population with common diseases, funciton is still a lack of evidence of the relationship between CoQ cogntiive and cognitive functioning in older adults without supplementation.
Despite the previous positive evidence Natural detoxification the relationship ccognitive physical activity and cognitive functioning 18Coenzyke is functiion not clear if exercise-dependent plasma biochemical biomarkers can play a role in the benefit of exercise Coenzyme Q and cognitive function cognition enhancement in ffunction adults.
Some studies have demonstrated that mild oxidative stress generated by Coenzyme Q and cognitive function exercise influences cellular mechanisms that affect the production of muscle strength 19finction In healthy Refueling your muscles people, greater physical activity functiob associated with higher plasma CoQ znd levels 21 ccognitive, Funcfion the other hand, several studies have Conezyme that a poor nutritional status causes physical and cognitive cognitige and that, in contrast, healthy nutritional Coenzyme Q and cognitive function is a potent neuroprotector of clgnitive functioning 23 Furthermore, it has been claimed that inflammation and oxidative stress are plausible mechanisms underlying the relationship between diet and cognitive decline 2 The decline in CoQ 10 associated with advancing age, probably by impaired CoQ 10 synthesis, could result, at least in part, from nutritional deficiencies 26 The bioavailability of CoQ 10 from dietary sources is limited, and it has been proposed that CoQ 10 depends on additional nutrient intake, including vitamin B 6vitamin C, other B vitamins, and amino acids 19 Furthermore, the nutritional status based on a Mediterranean diet supplemented with CoQ 10 improves the health of older people and prevents neurodegenerative pathologies However, to date, no studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between CoQ 10 levels and cognitive functioning for nutritional status in older people.
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between CoQ 10 and cognitive functioning in older adults, controlling for other factors that may influence aging, such as the level of physical activity and nutritional status.
Participants showed common diseases associated with aging although no participants receiving hypolipidemic compounds were included as indicated in our previous study None of these treatments affect CoQ 10 levels.
All participants, before the start of the research, were informed of the objective of the research and signed the informed consent to take part in the study.
All procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research of the Andalusian Government N and followed the indications of the International Conference of Good Clinical Practices in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. The waist-to-hip girth ratio was also measured.
Bioelectrical impedance Tanita BF was used to determine total water and fat percentages. The basal metabolic rate BMRwhich is the minimum level of energy that the body requires to function efficiently at rest, was measured using bioelectrical impedance.
A high basal metabolism increases the number of calories used and reduces the amount of body fat, whereas a low basal metabolism will make it more difficult to lose body fat and weight in general.
Metabolic age is the function that calculates BMR and indicates the average age associated with this type of metabolism. Mini-Nutritional Assessment MNA 30 measures nutritional status through 2 distinct categories, screening and assessment.
In this study, we collected only the information related to screening, which consists of 6 items with a maximum score of 14 points. This score indicates the level of overall nutritional status, with a higher score indicating a higher overall nutritional status.
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ 31 measures the type of activity that older people perform in their daily lives. The questions focus on how much time the person has spent being active in the past 7 days.
The total volume of physical activity was calculated by assigning a value based on the energy requirements METs calculated in minutes per week for each activity. The Mini-Mental State Examination MMSE 32 measures the mental state of participants and is very useful as a screening test for cognitive impairment.
It is composed of 30 items grouped into categories: orientation, fixation, concentration and calculation, memory, language, and construction. The maximum score is 30 points, with differentiated values for geriatric and nongeriatric patients. In nongeriatric patients, the cutoff point is The Frontal Assessment Battery FAB-E 33 is a screening test that measures executive function with 6 cognitive tests: conceptualization, mental flexibility, programming, interference sensitivity, inhibitory control, and grasp control.
Each test is scored from 0 to 3 with a maximum total score of 18 points, and a higher score indicates higher executive function.
Data collection was carried out in the Community Centers attended by the older adults in 3 collection sessions spaced 1 week apart: the first session was dedicated to the collection of data on sociodemographic variables, health, physical activity, and anthropometric data; the second session was dedicated to the evaluation of cognitive functioning; and the third session was dedicated to fasting blood collection.
The data from the first 2 phases were collected by research personnel trained in the application of the different tests, and the blood samples were collected by a health technician.
Blood was collected after overnight fasting 10 h by venipuncture in Vacutainer tubes containing heparin or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA as anticoagulants between 8 and 10 AM.
Levels of CoQ 10 in plasma were quantified using the protocol previously described Briefly, an ethanol:isopropanol mixture was added to μL of blood plasma and vortexed for 1 min. One hundred pmol of CoQ 6 was used as an internal control to check recovery.
CoQ 10 was extracted with hexane trice and dried using a Speed-Vac. CoQ 10 levels were analyzed with ultraviolet System Gold -based detectors and an electrochemical detector Coulochem III ESA, USA. The nonparametric Kruskal—Wallis test was used to explore between-group differences by sex due to non-normally distributed continuous variables.
In a follow-up analysis, hierarchical multiple regression was performed to understand shared variance between the CoQ 10 plasma level and cognitive measures, controlling for diet and physical activity factors.
The independent predictors entered into the model were block 1, age in years, and sex; block 2, body mass composition measures; and block 3, nutritional state, physical activity index, and CoQ 10 plasma level. For all analyses, relationships between variables were considered significantly different if the P value was less than.
Mann—Whitney U tests were used to explore between-group differences by gender in mean age, body composition, and physical activity level Table 1. The female sample was older on average than the male sample women: Men had higher percentages of water women: However, women performed less physical activity than men women: Accordingly with our previous work 22METs correlate with the capacity of aerobic and strength parameters in the Senior Fitness Battery tests.
No differences among genders were found in blood pressure and fasting glucose. Gender differences will be controlled for in subsequent analyses by performing partial correlations by gender and introducing gender as a predictive factor in the first block of the hierarchical regression analyses.
Significant differences between men and women are indicated. Correlation coefficients between age in years, body composition, cognitive measures, and plasma CoQ 10 levels are displayed in Supplementary Table 1and partial correlation coefficients were computed controlling for sex.
Hierarchical Logistic Regression for Variables Predicting Cognitive Function. In the second hierarchical regression analysis, the executive function measure was used as the dependent variable Table 2.
To highlight the relationship of plasma CoQ 10 levels with the parameters associated with lifestyle habits and cognitive capacity, we determined the correlation between the different parameters determined in this study Figure 1. Interestingly, in all cases, CoQ 10 level showed a positive and moderate correlation with the score reached for each parameter.
Except for the levels of METs, nutritional assessment and cognitive parameters showed a clear and significant relationship with CoQ 10 level in plasma Figure 1. When we separated the population according to quartiles of CoQ 10 levels in plasma, people showing the highest levels of CoQ 10 fourth quartile showed the highest scores in all physical, nutritional, and cognitive parameters.
In the case of physical activity, METs, no significant differences were found although clearly people with CoQ 10 levels from Q2 to Q4 showed higher levels of activity Figure 2. Regarding nutritional status, people at the Q3 and Q4 quartiles showed significant higher score than population with the lowest levels of CoQ In the case of cognitive skills, the population from Q2 to Q4 showed significant higher scores than population at the Q1 quartile Figure 2.
Relationship of quartiles of plasma CoQ 10 levels μM with METs, MNA, FAB-E, and MMSE scores. Data represent the mean ± SD of the parameters indicated accordingly the quartiles of plasma CoQ Quartiles were distributed as follows: Q1: 0.
Statistical significance versus Q1 population is indicated after ANOVA analysis. In the case of METs, ANOVA p value for the whole group was. In contrast, when we separated the population by lower or higher scores related to the mean METs, MNA, FAB-E, or MMSE, we found that in all cases, participants showing higher scores showed significantly higher levels of CoQ 10 in plasma Figure 3except in the case of METs, where only a trend was found.
Interestingly, in all cases, people obtaining lower scores in METs, MNA, FAB-E, and MMSE showed mean plasma CoQ 10 levels below the mean of the whole population 0. In the case of METs, plasma CoQ 10 levels were 0.
In the case of MNA, population scoring lower than the mean showed 0. In the case of cognitive capacity, people scoring lower at the MMSE test showed a mean of 0.
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Relationship between depression and risk of malnutrition among community-dwelling young-old and old-old elderly people. Aging Ment Health. Vauzour D , Camprubi-Robles M , Miquel-Kergoat S , et al. Nutrition for the ageing brain: Towards evidence for an optimal diet. Ageing Res Rev. Lopez-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q homeostasis in aging: response to non-genetic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med. Nagase M , Yamamoto Y , Matsumoto N , Arai Y , Hirose N. Increased oxidative stress and coenzyme Q10 deficiency in centenarians. J Clin Biochem Nutr. Lopez-Lluch G , Del Pozo-Cruz J , Sanchez-Cuesta A , Cortes-Rodriguez AB , Navas P. Bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 supplements depends on carrier lipids and solubilization. Nutrition ; 57 : — Gonzalez-Guardia L , Yubero-Serrano EM , Delgado-Lista J , et al. Effects of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 on metabolomic profiles in elderly men and women. Rubenstein LZ , Harker JO , Salva A , Guigoz Y , Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment MNA-SF. Craig CL , Marshall AL , Sjostrom M , et al. International physical activity questionnaire: country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Folstein MF , Robins LN , Helzer JE. The Mini-Mental State Examination. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Hurtado-Pomares M , Terol-Cantero MC , Sanchez-Perez A , et al. PLoS One. Del Pozo-Cruz J , Rodriguez-Bies E , Ballesteros-Simarro M , et al. Physical activity affects plasma coenzyme Q10 levels differently in young and old humans. Brandt J , Aretouli E , Neijstrom E , et al. Selectivity of executive function deficits in mild cognitive impairment. Ishrat T , Khan MB , Hoda MN , et al. Coenzyme Q10 modulates cognitive impairment against intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in rats. Behav Brain Res. Shetty RA , Ikonne US , Forster MJ , Sumien N. Coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol reversed age-associated functional impairments in mice. Yamagishi K , Ikeda A , Moriyama Y , et al. Serum coenzyme Q10 and risk of disabling dementia: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study CIRCS. Maes M , Mihaylova I , Kubera M , Uytterhoeven M , Vrydags N , Bosmans E. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. Lower plasma Coenzyme Q10 in depression: a marker for treatment resistance and chronic fatigue in depression and a risk factor to cardiovascular disorder in that illness. Erlenbach E , McAuley E , Gothe NP. The association between light physical activity and cognition among adults: a scoping review. Andreani C , Bartolacci C , Guescini M , et al. Combination of coenzyme Q10 intake and moderate physical activity counteracts mitochondrial dysfunctions in a SAMP8 mouse model. Oxid Med Cell Longev. Etnier JL , Drollette ES , Slutsky AB. Physical activity and cognition: a narrative review of the evidence for older adults. Psychol Sport Exerc. Sofi F , Valecchi D , Bacci D , et al. Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Intern Med. Hernandez-Camacho JD , Bernier M , Lopez-Lluch G , Navas P. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in aging and disease. Front Physiol. Garcia-Carpintero S , Dominguez-Bertalo J , Pedrero-Prieto C , et al. Ubiquinol supplementation improves gender-dependent cerebral vasoreactivity and ameliorates chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Csipo T , Lipecz A , Fulop GA , et al. Age-related decline in peripheral vascular health predicts cognitive impairment. Coenzyme Q10 prevents senescence and dysfunction caused by oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Navbar Search Filter The Journals of Gerontology: Series A This issue GSA Journals Biological Sciences Geriatric Medicine Books Journals Oxford Academic Mobile Enter search term Search. Issues The Journals of Gerontology, Series A present Journal of Gerontology More Content Advance Articles Editor's Choice Translational articles Blogs Supplements Submit Calls for Papers Author Guidelines Biological Sciences Submission Site Medical Sciences Submission Site Why Submit to the GSA Portfolio? Memory 11, — Dai, Y. Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction by coenzyme Q 10 supplement improves endothelial function in patients with ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis , — Deichmann, R. Impact of coenzyme Q on parameters of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle performance in older athletes taking statins. Dumont, M. Alzheimers Dis. Fiocco, A. Plasma F2-isoprostane level and cognitive function over eight years in non-demented older adults: findings from the Health ABC Study. Prostaglandins Leukot. Fatty Acids 84, 57— Floyd, R. Oxidative stress in brain aging: implications for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases. Aging 23, — Folstein, M. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Ghosh, D. Vascular action of polyphenols. Food Res. Golden, T. Oxidative stress and aging: beyond correlation. Aging Cell 1, — Goodwin, J. Association between nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a healthy elderly population. JAMA , — Gutzmann, H. Neural Transm. Pharmacopsychiatry 35, 12— Hamilton, S. Coenzyme Q 10 improves endothelial dysfunction in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 32, — Hoyer, S. The brain insulin signal transduction system and sporadic type II Alzheimer disease: an update. Ishrat, T. Coenzyme Q 10 modulates cognitive impairment against intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in rats. Brain Res. Jack, C. Longitudinal MRI findings from the vitamin E and donepezil treatment study for MCI. Aging 29, — Junqueira, V. Aging and oxidative stress. Aspects Med. Kidd, P. Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: nutrients, stem cells, growth factors and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Langsjoen, P. Isolated diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium and its response to CoQ 10 treatment. Li, Z. Littarru, G. Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q 10 : an update. Nutrition 26, — Liu, J. U S A 99, — Marincola, R. Neurobiology and quantified pharmaco E. of coenzyme Q Google Scholar. Markesbery, W. Lipid peroxidation is an early event in the brain in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Masaki, K. Association of vitamin E and C supplement use with cognitive function and dementia in elderly men. Neurology 54, — Matthews, R. Coenzyme Q 10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects. U S A 95, — McNair, D. Manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service. Montine, T. F2-isoprostanes in Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases. Redox Signal. Morris, M. Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a biracial community study. Mortensen, S. Q-SYMBIO Study Investigators. The effect of coenzyme Q 10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. JACC Heart Fail. Okeahialam, B. Reversal of statin-induced memory dysfunction by co-enzyme Q a case report. Health Risk Manag. Perrig, W. The relation between antioxidants and memory performance in the old and very old. Petersen, R. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. N Engl. Praticò, D. Trends Pharmacol. Rey, A. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Rosenfeldt, F. Coenzyme Q 10 in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials. Coenzyme Q 10 therapy before cardiac surgery improves mitochondrial function and in vitro contractility of myocardial tissue. Ryan, J. An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol°ledR on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population. Sano, M. Sharma, S. Shoham, S. Iron involvement in neural damage and microgliosis in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Shults, C. Effects of coenzyme Q 10 in early Parkinson disease: evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Simpson, T. Bacopa monnieri as an antioxidant therapy to reduce oxidative stress in the aging brain. Based Complement. Spindler, M. Coenzyme Q 10 effects in neurodegenerative disease. Stamelou, M. Short-term effects of coenzyme Q 10 in progressive supranuclear palsy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Stough, C. A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of Pycnogenol and Bacopa CDRI08 herbal medicines on cognitive, cardiovascular, and biochemical functioning in cognitively healthy elderly people: The Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention ARCLI study protocol ANZCTR Tiano, L. Effect of coenzyme Q10 administration on endothelial function and extracellular superoxide dismutase in patients with ischaemic heart disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled study. Heart J. Tsurio, C. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. United Nations. World Population Ageing. New York, NY: P. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Uryu, K. Multiple proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases accumulate in axons after brain trauma in humans. Repetitive mild brain trauma accelerates Aβ deposition, lipid peroxidation, and cognitive impairment in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer amyloidosis. Vermeer, S. Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. Watson, A. The impact of blackcurrant juice on attention, mood and brain wave spectral activity in young healthy volunteers. Wechsler, D. Cognitive, conative, and non-intellective intelligence. WAIS-III Administration and Scoring Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Association. Wesnes, K. Utility, reliability, sensitivity and validity of an online test system designed to monitor changes in cognitive function in clinical trials. The few adverse effects reported in trials include nausea, lowered blood sugar, and gastrointestinal problems [9]. CoQ10 supplementation may increase the tolerability of some chemotherapeutic treatments [9]. If CoQ10 supplements are taken simultaneously with blood pressure medication, blood pressure may become too low. CoQ10 may also decrease the effectiveness of warfarin, which would increase the risk of blood clotting. As with most supplements, safety has not been studied with chronic use and different brands may have differences in manufacturing that influence safety and quality. More information on doses, side effects, and drug interactions with CoQ10 can be found on Drugs. NOTE: This is not a comprehensive safety evaluation or complete list of potentially harmful drug interactions. It is important to discuss safety issues with your physician before taking any new supplement or medication. CoQ10 is naturally found in foods such as oily fish, organ meats, whole grains, vegetable oil, and fruit [10]. CoQ10 supplements are widely available over-the-counter as oral pills and sprays in the United States. It is also found in many fat emulsion medications used by patients whose diets do not contain enough fat. Quality Control of Sources: United States Pharmacopeial Convention USP , ConsumerLab , and FDA Information on Dietary Supplements offer information on the quality of specific supplements and assist in finding a trusted brand. NCAAM National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine , Mayo Clinic , and University of Maryland offer additional information on CoQ10 as a dietary supplement, including further information on dosing and safety. Check for drug-drug and drug-supplement interactions on Drugs. Potential Benefit. For Dementia Patients In a week double-blind randomized clinical trial with 78 Alzheimer's patients, CoQ10 supplementation failed to improve cognitive ability [5]. |
| Study raises concerns over CoQ10 for cognitive health | As with most supplements, safety has not been studied with chronic use and different brands may have differences in manufacturing that influence safety and quality. More information on doses, side effects, and drug interactions with CoQ10 can be found on Drugs. NOTE: This is not a comprehensive safety evaluation or complete list of potentially harmful drug interactions. It is important to discuss safety issues with your physician before taking any new supplement or medication. CoQ10 is naturally found in foods such as oily fish, organ meats, whole grains, vegetable oil, and fruit [10]. CoQ10 supplements are widely available over-the-counter as oral pills and sprays in the United States. It is also found in many fat emulsion medications used by patients whose diets do not contain enough fat. Quality Control of Sources: United States Pharmacopeial Convention USP , ConsumerLab , and FDA Information on Dietary Supplements offer information on the quality of specific supplements and assist in finding a trusted brand. NCAAM National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine , Mayo Clinic , and University of Maryland offer additional information on CoQ10 as a dietary supplement, including further information on dosing and safety. Check for drug-drug and drug-supplement interactions on Drugs. Potential Benefit. For Dementia Patients In a week double-blind randomized clinical trial with 78 Alzheimer's patients, CoQ10 supplementation failed to improve cognitive ability [5]. von Arnim CA, Herbolsheimer F, Nikolaus T et al. J Alzheimers Dis 31, Dumont M, Kipiani K, Yu F et al. J Alzheimers Dis 27, CoQ10 may reduce the effectiveness of warfarin Jantoven , as well as interact with some blood pressure and cancer medications. In particular, research suggests that it may help improve heart health and blood sugar regulation, protect against certain types of cancer, and reduce the frequency of migraine. It may also reduce oxidative damage that leads to muscle fatigue, skin damage, and brain and lung diseases. However, more research is necessary to determine whether CoQ10 can help in these areas. CoQ10 can be found as a supplement that seems well tolerated, but you should ask your doctor before trying it. You can also increase your intake through various food sources, including organ and muscle meats, oils, nuts, seeds, and legumes. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. VIEW ALL HISTORY. Coenzyme Q10 CoQ10 is used to treat various health conditions, including migraines, infertility and the effects of aging. This article reviews the…. Learn more about how taking a supplement can affect statin side effects and your overall heart health. Life can take a toll on your energy levels. Fortunately, these 11 vitamins and supplements can boost your energy levels when you need it most. If your period is so heavy that you quickly soak through pads or tampons, there are things you can do to find relief. Find out what home remedies and…. While they're not typically able to prescribe, nutritionists can still benefits your overall health. Let's look at benefits, limitations, and more. A new study found that healthy lifestyle choices — including being physically active, eating well, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption —…. Carb counting is complicated. Take the quiz and test your knowledge! Together with her husband, Kansas City Chiefs MVP quarterback Patrick Mahomes, Brittany Mohomes shares how she parents two children with severe food…. While there are many FDA-approved emulsifiers, European associations have marked them as being of possible concern. Let's look deeper:. Researchers have found that a daily multivitamin supplement was linked with slowed cognitive aging and improved memory. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based 9 Benefits of Coenzyme Q10 CoQ Medically reviewed by Philip Ngo, PharmD — By Arlene Semeco, MS, RD and Rachael Ajmera, MS, RD — Updated on December 6, What is CoQ10? It may help treat heart failure. It could help with fertility. It might help support healthy skin aging. It could reduce headaches. It could help with exercise performance. It may help with diabetes. It might play a role in cancer prevention. It may be good for the brain. It could protect the lungs. Food sources of CoQ Frequently asked questions. The bottom line. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Dec 6, Written By Arlene Semeco, Rachael Ajmera, MS, RD. In the second hierarchical regression analysis, the executive function measure was used as the dependent variable Table 2. To highlight the relationship of plasma CoQ 10 levels with the parameters associated with lifestyle habits and cognitive capacity, we determined the correlation between the different parameters determined in this study Figure 1. Interestingly, in all cases, CoQ 10 level showed a positive and moderate correlation with the score reached for each parameter. Except for the levels of METs, nutritional assessment and cognitive parameters showed a clear and significant relationship with CoQ 10 level in plasma Figure 1. When we separated the population according to quartiles of CoQ 10 levels in plasma, people showing the highest levels of CoQ 10 fourth quartile showed the highest scores in all physical, nutritional, and cognitive parameters. In the case of physical activity, METs, no significant differences were found although clearly people with CoQ 10 levels from Q2 to Q4 showed higher levels of activity Figure 2. Regarding nutritional status, people at the Q3 and Q4 quartiles showed significant higher score than population with the lowest levels of CoQ In the case of cognitive skills, the population from Q2 to Q4 showed significant higher scores than population at the Q1 quartile Figure 2. Relationship of quartiles of plasma CoQ 10 levels μM with METs, MNA, FAB-E, and MMSE scores. Data represent the mean ± SD of the parameters indicated accordingly the quartiles of plasma CoQ Quartiles were distributed as follows: Q1: 0. Statistical significance versus Q1 population is indicated after ANOVA analysis. In the case of METs, ANOVA p value for the whole group was. In contrast, when we separated the population by lower or higher scores related to the mean METs, MNA, FAB-E, or MMSE, we found that in all cases, participants showing higher scores showed significantly higher levels of CoQ 10 in plasma Figure 3 , except in the case of METs, where only a trend was found. Interestingly, in all cases, people obtaining lower scores in METs, MNA, FAB-E, and MMSE showed mean plasma CoQ 10 levels below the mean of the whole population 0. In the case of METs, plasma CoQ 10 levels were 0. In the case of MNA, population scoring lower than the mean showed 0. In the case of cognitive capacity, people scoring lower at the MMSE test showed a mean of 0. Finally, at the FAB-E test, population obtaining lower score in this test had a mean of 0. Levels of plasma CoQ 10 in relationship with the levels of physical activity, nutrition, and cognitive capacity. Levels of CoQ 10 μM were distributed in the population accordingly to the values of each parameters under which it is considered the individual is under risk for METs [less than ] and MNA [less than 12] or shows lower executive capacity FAB-E; lower than 12 or mild-moderate dementia MMSE; under The N for people with lower score in each parameter was 22 for METs, 24 for MNA, 30 for FAB-E, and 18 for MMSE The statistical significance between the 2 groups is indicated. According to previous studies, our results prove that a significant decline in cognitive function and executive function is observed during aging Nevertheless, the main finding of this study was that plasma CoQ 10 level can be associated with cognitive functioning and executive function. Previous studies with animal models have demonstrated that CoQ 10 level is associated with oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases 36 , Moreover, the results of this study demonstrate that, controlling for cognitive impairment, CoQ 10 level accounts for the measure of executive function in people over 65 years of age. This is consistent with the results of the study by Kure et al. with older adults with heart failure, where worse performance in attention and executive function tasks was observed among patients with lower plasma CoQ 10 4. Moreover, controlling for the clinical condition of the participants, this research group also observed a significant relationship between oxidative stress and performance in executive function tasks 4. Furthermore, in a study performed in Japanese population aged 40—69 years, an inverse association of plasma CoQ 10 levels with dementia was found In this study, dementia cases were more frequent in people showing less than 0. These results partially agree with the results found in our study in which plasma CoQ 10 levels lower than 0. Furthermore, studies focused on depression and depression-associated conditions, such as chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia, have been intimately associated with lower levels of CoQ 10 in plasma In agreement with our results Figure 3 , half of people with depression showed CoQ 10 plasma levels lower than the lowest value measured in healthy controls Interestingly, in these studies, people suffering chronic fatigue syndrome associated with lower CoQ 10 levels in plasma also suffer poor concentration, impaired memory, and autonomic capacity 40 , indicating cognitive deficiency. Therefore, low plasma CoQ 10 levels may indicate increased oxidative stress, which damages the cerebral cortex and negatively affects cognitive functions. According to Kure et al. In addition to plasma CoQ 10 levels, physical activity is considered significant predictor of executive function in people older than 65 years Previous studies have shown that physical exercise significantly affects the distribution of CoQ 10 in the body 19 , Moreover, we have also found that higher plasma CoQ 10 levels were associated with better functional capacity and physical activity performance 22 , In agreement with previous studies, our results showing that higher blood CoQ 10 levels and physical activity are associated with better executive function, controlling for the effect of all other measures, suggest the antioxidant effects of CoQ 10 in combination with the hormetic effect of physical exercise improve cognitive capacity and executive function in older people 43 , A disturbing finding was that nutritional status was positively associated with cognitive functioning and executive function. However, in hierarchical regression models, physical activity and plasma CoQ 10 levels accounted for cognitive measures, with no explanatory capacity for nutritional status. However, consistent with previous studies, nutritional status has been strongly associated with physical activity and oxidative stress 23 , Our results reinforce the idea that CoQ 10 can be considered a potential therapeutic compound in the treatment of dementia or to slow down the cognitive and executive dysfunction associated with aging Our results suggest that rich nutritional habits and high physical activity can maintain high physiological CoQ 10 plasma levels that help to maintain high cognitive and executive capacity in older people. Many of the studies performed in rodents have associated the effect of CoQ 10 with the direct antioxidant protection of neurons and the maintenance of the activity of mitochondria in the central nervous system 37 , 42 , However, the low bioavailability of CoQ 10 in brain suggests that the molecular mechanism of CoQ 10 preventing cognitive dysfunction can be indirect. It has been already shown that supplementation with CoQ 10 protects neurovascular endothelium against oxidative stress delaying the progression of inflammation and oxidative damage in people with mild cognitive impairment In agreement with this fact, recent studies have suggested that high plasma CoQ 10 levels would reduce age-related decline in peripheral vascular health 13 , 47 , Probably by maintaining healthy blood—brain barrier, plasma CoQ 10 can contribute to the delay in the progression of cognitive impairment and executive capacity during aging. Although the results point to a significant sex difference in body composition and physical activity level, no significant differences were observed in nutritional status, CoQ 10 levels, or cognitive measures. Likewise, an RCT study would be necessary to check whether supplementation with CoQ 10 , physical activity training, or controlling diet, could influence performance in cognitive measures. The neuroprotective effect of nutrition and physical activity on cognitive performance has been demonstrated in previous studies; however, to date, no study has found in older adults the association between plasma CoQ 10 levels and cognitive functioning controlling for the effects of diet and physical activity. Thus, plasma CoQ 10 levels have shown the effect that oxidative stress, malnutrition, and physical weakness due to aging may have on executive function and, in turn, on cognitive functioning. Oxidative stress due to free radicals could be the cause of this damage in brain endothelial cells and in gray matter volume and structure and thus the cause of cognitive decline. Thus, the mechanisms of structural and functional brain change associated with age-related neurodegenerative processes, such as damage due to inflammation and oxidative stress, is indicated by low plasma CoQ 10 levels. This work was supported by the Operative Program of the European Regional Development Fund FEDER Andalucía — grant UPO We want to acknowledge the help of Ana María Gallardo Flores and Ana Sánchez Cuesta for their technical assistance. Conceptualization: C. R and G. and J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. All the procedures of this study were approved by the Ethic Committee for Biomedical Research of the Andalusian Government number N and followed the indications of the International Conference of Good Clinical Practices in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. The written informed consent for each participant was obtained before enrollment in the study. The data sets used the current study are available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of all the authors. Barbosa R , Midão L , Almada M , Costa EA-O. Cognitive performance in older adults across Europe based on the SHARE database. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. doi: Google Scholar. Caracciolo B , Xu W , Collins S , Fratiglioni L. Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut-brain interactions. Mech Ageing Dev. An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population. J Psychopharmacol. Kure CE , Rosenfeldt FL , Scholey AB , et al. Relationships among cognitive function and cerebral blood flow, oxidative stress, and inflammation in older heart failure patients. J Card Fail. Momiyama Y. Serum coenzyme Q10 levels as a predictor of dementia in a Japanese general population. Morris G , Anderson G , Berk M , Maes M. Coenzyme Q10 depletion in medical and neuropsychiatric disorders: potential repercussions and therapeutic implications. Mol Neurobiol. Ionescu-Tucker A , Cotman CW. Neurobiol Aging. Mantle D , Heaton RA , Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10, ageing and the nervous system: an overview. Yubero D , Montero R , Artuch R , Land JM , Heales SJ , Hargreaves IP. Biochemical diagnosis of coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Wahl D , Anderson RM , Le Couteur DG. Antiaging therapies, cognitive impairment, and dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. Stough C , Nankivell M , Camfield DA , et al. CoQ 10 and cognition a review and study protocol for a day randomized controlled trial investigating the cognitive effects of ubiquinol in the healthy elderly. Front Aging Neurosci. Simani L , Ryan F , Hashemifard S , et al. Serum coenzyme Q10 is associated with clinical neurological outcomes in acute stroke patients. J Mol Neurosci. Monsef A , Shahidi S , Komaki A. Influence of chronic coenzyme Q10 supplementation on cognitive function, learning, and memory in healthy and diabetic middle-aged rats. Lopez-Lluch G , Hernandez-Camacho JD , Fernandez-Ayala DJM , Navas P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolism and ageing: shared mechanisms and outcomes? Sumien N , Heinrich KR , Shetty RA , Sohal RS , Forster MJ. Prolonged intake of coenzyme Q10 impairs cognitive functions in mice. J Nutr. Eur Neurol. Kadian M , Sharma G , Pandita S , et al. The impact of coenzyme Q10 on neurodegeneration: a comprehensive review. Curr Pharmacol Rep. Mandolesi L , Polverino A , Montuori S , et al. Effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing: Biological and psychological benefits. Front Psychol. Cirilli I , Damiani E , Dludla PV , et al. Role of coenzyme Q10 in health and disease: an update on the last 10 years — Antioxidants Basel. Gonzalez-Garcia P , Barriocanal-Casado E , Diaz-Casado ME , Lopez-Herrador S , Hidalgo-Gutierrez A , Lopez LC. Animal models of coenzyme Q deficiency: mechanistic and translational learnings. Del Pozo-Cruz J , Rodriguez-Bies E , Navas-Enamorado I , Del Pozo-Cruz B , Navas P , Lopez-Lluch G. Relationship between functional capacity and body mass index with plasma coenzyme Q10 and oxidative damage in community-dwelling elderly-people. Exp Gerontol. de la Bella-Garzon R , Fernandez-Portero C , Alarcon D , Amian JG , Lopez-Lluch G. Levels of plasma coenzyme Q10 are associated with physical capacity and cardiovascular risk in the elderly. Bianchi VE , Herrera PF , Laura R. Effect of nutrition on neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic review. |
| Potential Benefit | Another study in people with diabetic neuropathy — a type of nerve damage that can occur in people with diabetes — found that taking mg of CoQ10 daily for 12 weeks may have improved HbA1c levels and insulin resistance. Unfortunately, the brain is very susceptible to oxidative stress due to its high fatty acid content and its high demand for oxygen. These observations suggest that the excitability level of layer V neurons of the motor cortex is important to maintain motor functions. Help Help using Europe PMC. No differences among genders were found in blood pressure and fasting glucose. Heart J. |
| Head First 2nd Editon | Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lopez-Lluch, G. Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q 10 : an update. Folstein MF , Robins LN , Helzer JE. Eliminate Brain Fog, Low Energy, Moodiness, Difficulty Sleeping, Memory Loss or Anxiety. Article PubMed Google Scholar Grimm, A. Participants will rest comfortably for 10 min prior to the test. Oxid Med Cell Longev. |
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Wesnes, K. Very few adverse effects have been reported with CoQ10 supplementation, and it is generally considered safe for most people. Our search found:. Based on limited clinical research, CoQ10 is not likely to prevent dementia or protect the aging brain.
Blood levels of CoQ10 were reportedly similar in people with and without mild cognitive impairment, suggesting that there is no association between lowered CoQ10 concentrations and cognitive decline [1].
In a week double-blind randomized clinical trial with 78 Alzheimer's patients, CoQ10 supplementation failed to improve cognitive ability [5]. In small clinical trials, CoQ10 supplementation has also failed to help patients with other neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease [6] , Parkinson's disease [7] , and ALS Lou Gehrig's disease [8].
CoQ10 is likely safe when used by healthy adults at moderate doses. The few adverse effects reported in trials include nausea, lowered blood sugar, and gastrointestinal problems [9]. CoQ10 supplementation may increase the tolerability of some chemotherapeutic treatments [9].
If CoQ10 supplements are taken simultaneously with blood pressure medication, blood pressure may become too low. CoQ10 may also decrease the effectiveness of warfarin, which would increase the risk of blood clotting. As with most supplements, safety has not been studied with chronic use and different brands may have differences in manufacturing that influence safety and quality.
More information on doses, side effects, and drug interactions with CoQ10 can be found on Drugs. NOTE: This is not a comprehensive safety evaluation or complete list of potentially harmful drug interactions. It is important to discuss safety issues with your physician before taking any new supplement or medication.
CoQ10 is naturally found in foods such as oily fish, organ meats, whole grains, vegetable oil, and fruit [10]. However, to date, no studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between CoQ 10 levels and cognitive functioning for nutritional status in older people.
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between CoQ 10 and cognitive functioning in older adults, controlling for other factors that may influence aging, such as the level of physical activity and nutritional status.
Participants showed common diseases associated with aging although no participants receiving hypolipidemic compounds were included as indicated in our previous study None of these treatments affect CoQ 10 levels.
All participants, before the start of the research, were informed of the objective of the research and signed the informed consent to take part in the study.
All procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research of the Andalusian Government N and followed the indications of the International Conference of Good Clinical Practices in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.
The waist-to-hip girth ratio was also measured. Bioelectrical impedance Tanita BF was used to determine total water and fat percentages. The basal metabolic rate BMR , which is the minimum level of energy that the body requires to function efficiently at rest, was measured using bioelectrical impedance.
A high basal metabolism increases the number of calories used and reduces the amount of body fat, whereas a low basal metabolism will make it more difficult to lose body fat and weight in general. Metabolic age is the function that calculates BMR and indicates the average age associated with this type of metabolism.
Mini-Nutritional Assessment MNA 30 measures nutritional status through 2 distinct categories, screening and assessment. In this study, we collected only the information related to screening, which consists of 6 items with a maximum score of 14 points. This score indicates the level of overall nutritional status, with a higher score indicating a higher overall nutritional status.
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ 31 measures the type of activity that older people perform in their daily lives. The questions focus on how much time the person has spent being active in the past 7 days.
The total volume of physical activity was calculated by assigning a value based on the energy requirements METs calculated in minutes per week for each activity. The Mini-Mental State Examination MMSE 32 measures the mental state of participants and is very useful as a screening test for cognitive impairment.
It is composed of 30 items grouped into categories: orientation, fixation, concentration and calculation, memory, language, and construction. The maximum score is 30 points, with differentiated values for geriatric and nongeriatric patients.
In nongeriatric patients, the cutoff point is The Frontal Assessment Battery FAB-E 33 is a screening test that measures executive function with 6 cognitive tests: conceptualization, mental flexibility, programming, interference sensitivity, inhibitory control, and grasp control.
Each test is scored from 0 to 3 with a maximum total score of 18 points, and a higher score indicates higher executive function. Data collection was carried out in the Community Centers attended by the older adults in 3 collection sessions spaced 1 week apart: the first session was dedicated to the collection of data on sociodemographic variables, health, physical activity, and anthropometric data; the second session was dedicated to the evaluation of cognitive functioning; and the third session was dedicated to fasting blood collection.
The data from the first 2 phases were collected by research personnel trained in the application of the different tests, and the blood samples were collected by a health technician.
Blood was collected after overnight fasting 10 h by venipuncture in Vacutainer tubes containing heparin or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA as anticoagulants between 8 and 10 AM. Levels of CoQ 10 in plasma were quantified using the protocol previously described Briefly, an ethanol:isopropanol mixture was added to μL of blood plasma and vortexed for 1 min.
One hundred pmol of CoQ 6 was used as an internal control to check recovery. CoQ 10 was extracted with hexane trice and dried using a Speed-Vac.
CoQ 10 levels were analyzed with ultraviolet System Gold -based detectors and an electrochemical detector Coulochem III ESA, USA. The nonparametric Kruskal—Wallis test was used to explore between-group differences by sex due to non-normally distributed continuous variables.
In a follow-up analysis, hierarchical multiple regression was performed to understand shared variance between the CoQ 10 plasma level and cognitive measures, controlling for diet and physical activity factors.
The independent predictors entered into the model were block 1, age in years, and sex; block 2, body mass composition measures; and block 3, nutritional state, physical activity index, and CoQ 10 plasma level. For all analyses, relationships between variables were considered significantly different if the P value was less than.
Mann—Whitney U tests were used to explore between-group differences by gender in mean age, body composition, and physical activity level Table 1. The female sample was older on average than the male sample women: Men had higher percentages of water women: However, women performed less physical activity than men women: Accordingly with our previous work 22 , METs correlate with the capacity of aerobic and strength parameters in the Senior Fitness Battery tests.
No differences among genders were found in blood pressure and fasting glucose. Gender differences will be controlled for in subsequent analyses by performing partial correlations by gender and introducing gender as a predictive factor in the first block of the hierarchical regression analyses.
Significant differences between men and women are indicated. Correlation coefficients between age in years, body composition, cognitive measures, and plasma CoQ 10 levels are displayed in Supplementary Table 1 , and partial correlation coefficients were computed controlling for sex.
Hierarchical Logistic Regression for Variables Predicting Cognitive Function. In the second hierarchical regression analysis, the executive function measure was used as the dependent variable Table 2.
To highlight the relationship of plasma CoQ 10 levels with the parameters associated with lifestyle habits and cognitive capacity, we determined the correlation between the different parameters determined in this study Figure 1. Interestingly, in all cases, CoQ 10 level showed a positive and moderate correlation with the score reached for each parameter.
Except for the levels of METs, nutritional assessment and cognitive parameters showed a clear and significant relationship with CoQ 10 level in plasma Figure 1.
When we separated the population according to quartiles of CoQ 10 levels in plasma, people showing the highest levels of CoQ 10 fourth quartile showed the highest scores in all physical, nutritional, and cognitive parameters.
In the case of physical activity, METs, no significant differences were found although clearly people with CoQ 10 levels from Q2 to Q4 showed higher levels of activity Figure 2.
Regarding nutritional status, people at the Q3 and Q4 quartiles showed significant higher score than population with the lowest levels of CoQ In the case of cognitive skills, the population from Q2 to Q4 showed significant higher scores than population at the Q1 quartile Figure 2.
Relationship of quartiles of plasma CoQ 10 levels μM with METs, MNA, FAB-E, and MMSE scores. Data represent the mean ± SD of the parameters indicated accordingly the quartiles of plasma CoQ Quartiles were distributed as follows: Q1: 0.
Statistical significance versus Q1 population is indicated after ANOVA analysis. In the case of METs, ANOVA p value for the whole group was. In contrast, when we separated the population by lower or higher scores related to the mean METs, MNA, FAB-E, or MMSE, we found that in all cases, participants showing higher scores showed significantly higher levels of CoQ 10 in plasma Figure 3 , except in the case of METs, where only a trend was found.
Interestingly, in all cases, people obtaining lower scores in METs, MNA, FAB-E, and MMSE showed mean plasma CoQ 10 levels below the mean of the whole population 0. In the case of METs, plasma CoQ 10 levels were 0.
In the case of MNA, population scoring lower than the mean showed 0. In the case of cognitive capacity, people scoring lower at the MMSE test showed a mean of 0. Finally, at the FAB-E test, population obtaining lower score in this test had a mean of 0. Levels of plasma CoQ 10 in relationship with the levels of physical activity, nutrition, and cognitive capacity.
Levels of CoQ 10 μM were distributed in the population accordingly to the values of each parameters under which it is considered the individual is under risk for METs [less than ] and MNA [less than 12] or shows lower executive capacity FAB-E; lower than 12 or mild-moderate dementia MMSE; under The N for people with lower score in each parameter was 22 for METs, 24 for MNA, 30 for FAB-E, and 18 for MMSE The statistical significance between the 2 groups is indicated.
According to previous studies, our results prove that a significant decline in cognitive function and executive function is observed during aging Nevertheless, the main finding of this study was that plasma CoQ 10 level can be associated with cognitive functioning and executive function.
Previous studies with animal models have demonstrated that CoQ 10 level is associated with oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases 36 , Moreover, the results of this study demonstrate that, controlling for cognitive impairment, CoQ 10 level accounts for the measure of executive function in people over 65 years of age.
This is consistent with the results of the study by Kure et al. with older adults with heart failure, where worse performance in attention and executive function tasks was observed among patients with lower plasma CoQ 10 4.
Moreover, controlling for the clinical condition of the participants, this research group also observed a significant relationship between oxidative stress and performance in executive function tasks 4. Furthermore, in a study performed in Japanese population aged 40—69 years, an inverse association of plasma CoQ 10 levels with dementia was found In this study, dementia cases were more frequent in people showing less than 0.
These results partially agree with the results found in our study in which plasma CoQ 10 levels lower than 0. Furthermore, studies focused on depression and depression-associated conditions, such as chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia, have been intimately associated with lower levels of CoQ 10 in plasma In agreement with our results Figure 3 , half of people with depression showed CoQ 10 plasma levels lower than the lowest value measured in healthy controls Interestingly, in these studies, people suffering chronic fatigue syndrome associated with lower CoQ 10 levels in plasma also suffer poor concentration, impaired memory, and autonomic capacity 40 , indicating cognitive deficiency.
Therefore, low plasma CoQ 10 levels may indicate increased oxidative stress, which damages the cerebral cortex and negatively affects cognitive functions. According to Kure et al. In addition to plasma CoQ 10 levels, physical activity is considered significant predictor of executive function in people older than 65 years Previous studies have shown that physical exercise significantly affects the distribution of CoQ 10 in the body 19 , Moreover, we have also found that higher plasma CoQ 10 levels were associated with better functional capacity and physical activity performance 22 , In agreement with previous studies, our results showing that higher blood CoQ 10 levels and physical activity are associated with better executive function, controlling for the effect of all other measures, suggest the antioxidant effects of CoQ 10 in combination with the hormetic effect of physical exercise improve cognitive capacity and executive function in older people 43 , A disturbing finding was that nutritional status was positively associated with cognitive functioning and executive function.
However, in hierarchical regression models, physical activity and plasma CoQ 10 levels accounted for cognitive measures, with no explanatory capacity for nutritional status.
However, consistent with previous studies, nutritional status has been strongly associated with physical activity and oxidative stress 23 , Our results reinforce the idea that CoQ 10 can be considered a potential therapeutic compound in the treatment of dementia or to slow down the cognitive and executive dysfunction associated with aging Our results suggest that rich nutritional habits and high physical activity can maintain high physiological CoQ 10 plasma levels that help to maintain high cognitive and executive capacity in older people.
Many of the studies performed in rodents have associated the effect of CoQ 10 with the direct antioxidant protection of neurons and the maintenance of the activity of mitochondria in the central nervous system 37 , 42 , However, the low bioavailability of CoQ 10 in brain suggests that the molecular mechanism of CoQ 10 preventing cognitive dysfunction can be indirect.
It has been already shown that supplementation with CoQ 10 protects neurovascular endothelium against oxidative stress delaying the progression of inflammation and oxidative damage in people with mild cognitive impairment In agreement with this fact, recent studies have suggested that high plasma CoQ 10 levels would reduce age-related decline in peripheral vascular health 13 , 47 , Probably by maintaining healthy blood—brain barrier, plasma CoQ 10 can contribute to the delay in the progression of cognitive impairment and executive capacity during aging.
Although the results point to a significant sex difference in body composition and physical activity level, no significant differences were observed in nutritional status, CoQ 10 levels, or cognitive measures. Likewise, an RCT study would be necessary to check whether supplementation with CoQ 10 , physical activity training, or controlling diet, could influence performance in cognitive measures.
The neuroprotective effect of nutrition and physical activity on cognitive performance has been demonstrated in previous studies; however, to date, no study has found in older adults the association between plasma CoQ 10 levels and cognitive functioning controlling for the effects of diet and physical activity.
Thus, plasma CoQ 10 levels have shown the effect that oxidative stress, malnutrition, and physical weakness due to aging may have on executive function and, in turn, on cognitive functioning. Oxidative stress due to free radicals could be the cause of this damage in brain endothelial cells and in gray matter volume and structure and thus the cause of cognitive decline.
Thus, the mechanisms of structural and functional brain change associated with age-related neurodegenerative processes, such as damage due to inflammation and oxidative stress, is indicated by low plasma CoQ 10 levels. This work was supported by the Operative Program of the European Regional Development Fund FEDER Andalucía — grant UPO We want to acknowledge the help of Ana María Gallardo Flores and Ana Sánchez Cuesta for their technical assistance.
Conceptualization: C. R and G. and J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. All the procedures of this study were approved by the Ethic Committee for Biomedical Research of the Andalusian Government number N and followed the indications of the International Conference of Good Clinical Practices in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.
The written informed consent for each participant was obtained before enrollment in the study. The data sets used the current study are available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of all the authors.
Barbosa R , Midão L , Almada M , Costa EA-O. Cognitive performance in older adults across Europe based on the SHARE database. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn.
doi: Google Scholar. Caracciolo B , Xu W , Collins S , Fratiglioni L. Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut-brain interactions. Mech Ageing Dev.
An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population. J Psychopharmacol.
Kure CE , Rosenfeldt FL , Scholey AB , et al. Relationships among cognitive function and cerebral blood flow, oxidative stress, and inflammation in older heart failure patients.
J Card Fail. Momiyama Y. Serum coenzyme Q10 levels as a predictor of dementia in a Japanese general population.
CoQ10 may help Coenzyme Q and cognitive function the skin, brain, and lungs, as well as protect Hair and nail supplements chronic diseases like cancer or Coejzyme. More research is cognirive to understand its benefits, however. Coenzyme Q10 CoQ10 is a compound that helps generate energy in your cells. With age, your body produces less of it, but you can also get it from supplements or food. Low levels of CoQ10 may be associated with diseases like cancer, diabetes, as well as neurodegenerative disorders. Either cohnitive web browser snd support Natural appetite suppressants or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn Coenzyme Q and cognitive function Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Inoue RMiura MYanai SNishimune H. Sci Rep13 115 Mar Cited by: 1 article PMID: PMCID: PMC
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Sie haben solche unvergleichliche Phrase schnell erdacht?
Sie haben sich dem Gespräch entfremdet
Ich berate Ihnen, zu versuchen, in google.com zu suchen