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Antiviral Activity of Olive Leaf Extract Dengue and chikungunya Recommended fat ratio two important mosquito-borne infections which are known to occur exfracts in tropical Energy-boosting vitamins subtropical areas. Presently, Antiviral plant extracts Antivrial no Energy-boosting vitamins for these extrxcts diseases. In vitro antiviral Energy-boosting vitamins extracte 25 extracts Antviral from the plants of Plaht negundoPlumeria albaAncistrocladus heyneanusBacopa monnieriAnacardium occidentaleCucurbita maximaSimarouba glaucaand Embelia ribes using different solvents and four purified compounds anacardic acid, chloroquinone, glaucarubinone, and methyl gallate were carried out for their anti-dengue virus DENV and anti-chikungunya virus CHIKV activities. Maximum nontoxic concentrations of the chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and hydroalcoholic extracts of eight plants were used. The antiviral activity was assessed by focus-forming unit assay, quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays.Antiviral plant extracts -
These results are believed to derive from the micellar small size and to Pluronic component, which is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor. Baicalin blood levels after oral administration of baicalin BC and BC-loaded ST-PMMs P, an amphipathic polymer and sodium taurocholate as a carrier ; upper right: drug release of baicalin.
Reproduced from [ 94 ] with permission. Oleanolic acid has low aqueous solubility and systemic bioavailability 0. SMEDDS was developed in an attempt to overcome these limitations. In vitro studies showed a sustained release behavior from SMEDDS.
Systemic rat bioavailability was significantly higher in SMEDDS than in the marketed tablets of oleanolic acid Fig. Oleanolic acid rat blood levels after oral administration of oleanolic acid-loaded SMEDDS filled diamonds and marketed drug product tablet filled squares ; upper right: accumulative release of oleanolic acid.
Reproduced from [ ] with permission. Flos Lonicerae Japonicae and Fructus forsythia are used together in Chinese herbal remedies, and both have antiviral, antibacterial, and antiinflammatory properties. An attempt was made to enhance the bioavailability and antiinfluenza properties of the herb combination by chito-oligosaccharide, a chitosan derivative [ ].
In a cell culture antiinfluenza assay, chito-oligosaccharide improved the activity of extracts containing Flos Lonicerae Japonicae and Fructus forsythia , compared to extracts that do not contain the chito-oligosaccharide. The absorption was studied in vitro using Caco-2 model, and higher experimentally derived apparent permeability values were obtained with increasing concentrations of chito-oligosaccharide.
In vivo pharmacokinetics showed a significant increase in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae and Fructus forsythia concentrations when co-delivered with chito-oligosaccharide, relative to herb administration alone Fig.
In addition, enhanced antiviral effect was achieved in four preparations containing chito-oligosaccharide, which was explained by the higher absorption of caffeic acid derivatives Fig.
This work was unique because it studied the effects of the delivery system on both the pharmacokinetic properties and the antiviral activity of the herbal drug, directly. Effect of COS chito-oligosaccharide on the pharmacokinetic panel a and pharmacodynamics inhibition of influenza virus; panel b of caffeic acid derivative after oral administration of preparation containing Flos Lonicerae Japonicae and Fructus, forsythia extracts.
An inclusion complex of honokiol and sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin was made to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the herbal drug [ ]. In a phase solubility experiment, honokiol solubility linearly increased with growing levels of the cyclodextrin.
In rat oral pharmacokinetics, AUC and C max values of the inclusion complex were 1. Also, honokiol in suspension had 3 times higher body clearance than complexed honokiol. Andrographolide is sparingly soluble in water, unstable in very acidic and basic conditions, poorly absorbed, and has low oral bioavailability.
PLGA poly lactic-co-glycolic acid was used to form andrographolide loaded microspheres to overcome these limitations [ ]. Lastly, fine correlation was obtained between in vitro drug release and in vivo absorption, indicating that the in vitro assay may be a good predictor of drug absorption in vivo.
Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound with various medical applications including known antivirus activity, is poorly water-soluble and has low oral bioavailability. With N-acetyl L-cysteine and different levels 20, 50, and mg of polyethylene glycol PEG , nanostructured solid lipid carriers were synthesized to obtain curcumin mucoadhesion and mucus penetration [ ].
Drug release was characterized in vitro for curcumin solution, curcumin-loaded nanolipid carrier, and curcumin-loaded nanolipid carrier with N-acetyl L-cysteine PEG.
An SPIP study in rats was then conducted, and results were similar for all three parts of the small intestine: nanolipids allowed enhanced curcumin permeation relative to solution, and so did higher N-acetyl L-cysteine content.
Pharmacokinetic study of curcumin solutions P. O and I. V and curcumin nanolipid carriers with N-acetyl L-cysteine PEG content of 0, 20, 50, and mg was conducted. Similar to the results of the permeability experiment, plasma curcumin concentrations were higher with nanolipid carriers relative to solution either P.
V and increased further with higher N-acetyl L-cysteine PEG levels. The area under the curve was substantially larger with the modified nanolipid carriers compared to either curcumin solution or to the unmodified delivery system.
Indeed, modern drug delivery technologies are numerous, and tailoring the most appropriate formulation to the medicinal phytochemical in question is not just a matter of trial and error; rather, the physicochemical properties of the specific natural drug substance determine the delivery issues that the formulator may face, and the excipients that can be used to overcome these challenges [ , ].
These parameters will determine the likelihood of the active substance to precipitate in the gastrointestinal lumen, in which case the use of amorphous formulations may be preferred over other oral carriers.
Also, generally speaking, higher molecular weight substances may be better incorporated into lipid-based drug delivery systems [ , , ].
This solubility-permeability interplay was shown for formulations based on cyclodextrins [ , , ], surfactants [ ], cosolvents [ ], and hydrotropes [ , ]. In amorphous solid dispersions ASD , on the other hand, the solubility increases via supersaturation with unchanged permeability, and thus, ASD may be preferred over other carrier systems, given supersaturation can be achieved and maintained for sufficient time [ ].
Altogether, the evidence presented in this work supports the notion that medicinal plants have promising therapeutic potential, especially in the case of herb products against viral infections. Further research on the mechanisms by which phytochemicals exhibit their antiviral effect will allow the developing of successful target-specific drug delivery systems.
At the moment, we cannot ensure the plant phytochemicals directly reach viruses or the correct structures inside cells.
Ideally, we would have smart pharmaceutical nanotechnologies and targeting strategies that can avoid cellular defenses, transport drugs to targeted intracellular sites, and release the drugs in response to specific molecular signals.
Literature also lacks randomized clinical trials to discern the strength of new herbal antiviral drug delivery systems. It is our hope that in the future more high quality clinically relevant studies will accumulate in the literature, which will shed light on the full potential of phytochemicals as novel antiviral agents in adequate delivery systems.
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Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil of Lippia multiflora. Download references. We thank the staff of the WHO Polio Laboratory, Department of Virology, University of Ibadan for the assistance rendered during the course of this research and the staff of the Forest Research Institute of Nigeria FRIN for the authentication of plant materials.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Omonike O. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.
Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. OOO and TCF conceived and designed the experiments. PAS and TEA carried out the plant extraction. OOO, PAS and TEA performed the antiviral assays. AJA and TCF provided cell culture materials and viruses.
TEA and PAS prepared the manuscript and it was reviewed by OOO. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Correspondence to Omonike O. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Reprints and permissions. Ogbole, O. et al. In vitro antiviral activity of twenty-seven medicinal plant extracts from Southwest Nigeria against three serotypes of echoviruses. Virol J 15 , Download citation.
Received : 27 April Accepted : 11 July Published : 18 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.
Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Research Open access Published: 18 July In vitro antiviral activity of twenty-seven medicinal plant extracts from Southwest Nigeria against three serotypes of echoviruses Omonike O.
Ogbole ORCID: orcid. Akinleye 1 , Peter A. Segun 2 , Temitope C. Adeniji 4 Show authors Virology Journal volume 15 , Article number: Cite this article 27k Accesses 62 Citations 5 Altmetric Metrics details. Abstract Background Echoviruses, a serotype of enteroviruses, infect millions of people globally and there is no specific drug treatment or vaccine available for its management.
Methods The plants were macerated in methanol and the cytotoxicities of the crude extracts were evaluated on the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line using the MTT assay. Results The crude extract of Macaranga barteri leaves had the highest cytotoxicity with CC 50 value of 0.
Conclusion Our research has demonstrated that Macaranga barteri extracts has potent antiviral activity against echoviruses E7 and E19, and our findings suggest that this extract may have potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of enteroviral infections.
Background The use of traditional medicine is popular in Africa, with almost three-quarter of the populace of this continent consulting traditional medical practitioners TMPs , mainly traditional doctors, when faced with a medical problem. Methods Plant materials and extraction Twenty-seven different morphological parts from 26 plants Table 1 , selected based on their ethnobotanical use in the treatment of infectious diseases, were collected from various locations in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria, identified and authenticated at Forestry Herbarium Ibadan FHI.
Table 1 Plant species analysed for antiviral activity Full size table. Maximum non-toxic concentration MNTC of crude extracts The plant extracts encountered in this study displayed varying MNTC to RD cells in tissue culture medium.
Table 2 Anti-echovirus activity of crude methanol extracts Full size table. Table 3 Anti-echovirus activity of M. barteri fractions and sub-fractions Full size table. Discussion Enteroviruses have continued to pose a great burden to global health. Conclusion To summarize our findings, we have reported the antiviral activity of 26 medicinal plants selected from Nigerian flora against three serotypes of enteroviruses E7, E13 and E References Ogbole OO, Adeniji AJ, Ajaiyeoba EO, Adu FD.
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Author information Authors and Affiliations Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Omonike O. Akinleye Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria Peter A.
Segun Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Temitope C. Faleye Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Adekunle J.
Adeniji Authors Omonike O. Ogbole View author publications. View author publications. Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable.
Virology Journal volume 10Antiviral plant extracts number: Cite etxracts article. Metrics details. Due extrats the high prevalence Skin health viral infections having Antivital specific Antiviral plant extracts and the Antiviral plant extracts appearance Antiviral plant extracts resistant viral strains, the Antivital of novel antiviral agents is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 HSV-1poliovirus type 2 PV-2 and vesicular stomatitis virus of organic OE and aqueous extracts AE from: Baccharis gaudichaudianaB. spicataBidens subalternansPluchea sagittalisTagetes minuta and Tessaria absinthioides. A characterization of the antiviral activity of B.
Ich entschuldige mich, aber es nicht ganz, was mir notwendig ist. Es gibt andere Varianten?