Have Hyerglycemia blood pressure checked every time you visit your doctor Blood sugar variations at least twice a year. This pressure can damage the eye over time. High Blood Sugar Symptoms in People Without Diabetes.

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Hypoglycemia: Definition, Identification, Prevention, and Treatment

Hyperglycemia risks -

In type 1 diabetes, the body does not make enough insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body makes an adequate amount of insulin, but the cells do not respond to it properly. This is called insulin resistance.

A diagnosis of hyperglycemia usually involves a review of your medical history, a physical exam, and blood tests. The doctor will ask about your symptoms and whether you have a family history of diabetes or other risk factors associated with hyperglycemia. He or she will conduct a physical exam.

Ultimately, though, blood tests that measure blood glucose levels are necessary to definitively diagnose hyperglycemia. Other blood tests may include a hemoglobin A1C test also known as glycated hemoglobin test and an oral glucose tolerance test OGTT.

DKA and HHS are medical emergencies. They are treated with intravenous fluids, electrolytes, and insulin. In general, hyperglycemia that is transient does not cause long-term problems.

But if hyperglycemia persists, it can lead to serious complications, including eye problems, kidney damage, nerve damage, and cardiovascular disease. But with appropriate treatment and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, people can reduce the risk of hyperglycemia, lower their chances of having serious complications, and live healthy lives.

Our multidisciplinary approach ensures people with blood glucose problems get self-management skills and knowledge to achieve and maintain long-term optimal blood glucose control. We focus on lifestyle interventions, including healthy diet and exercise.

Our patients have access to the most advanced medical care, including the latest medications and technologies to prevent hyperglycemic complications and maintain better health throughout their lives.

Visit the Yale Medicine Diabetes Content Center for more diabetes-related articles and videos. Skip to Main Content. Hyperglycemia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments. Print Share. What is hyperglycemia? What causes hyperglycemia? What are the risk factors for hyperglycemia?

Certain factors or conditions increase the risk for hyperglycemia, including: Obesity or being overweight Family history of type 2 diabetes Personal history of gestational diabetes Prediabetes when blood glucose levels are high, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.

What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia? Symptoms of hyperglycemia include: Urinating large amounts Excessive thirst Feeling tired Frequent hunger Dry mouth Weight loss Blurred vision Recurrent infections e.

How is hyperglycemia diagnosed? How is hyperglycemia treated? The treatment depends on the cause of hyperglycemia, and may include the following: Insulin.

For people with type 1 diabetes, insulin is the main treatment for hyperglycemia. The feet of someone with diabetes are at risk of damage when the blood supply in both large and small blood vessels is reduced. Nerve damage peripheral neuropathy often results and problems to the structure of the foot can also occur — for example, clawed toes.

Reduced blood supply and nerve function can delay healing, increase the risk of infection, reduce feeling in the feet, and lead to ulcers and structural foot problems. Look after your feet by:. People with diabetes may experience very dry skin due to damage to the small blood vessels and nerves.

A common problem for people with diabetes is very dry skin on the feet. There are also other skin conditions related to diabetes. High blood glucose levels over time can affect the health of the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to protect our bodies from infection so it is important to keep the skin as healthy as possible.

If the skin becomes dry, it can lead to cracks and possibly infections. To reduce the risk of skin problems:. People with poorly managed diabetes are at increased risk of tooth decay and gum infections.

This is because the small blood vessels that help nourish your teeth and gums can become damaged. Dental and gum infections can also lead to high blood glucose levels. Poor oral care can cause the gums to become inflamed and loosen around your teeth.

It's also strongly linked with an increased risk of heart disease. To reduce your risk of teeth and gum problems:. Living with and managing either type 1 or type 2 diabetes can lead to stress, anxiety and depression.

This can affect your blood glucose levels and how you manage your diabetes in general. Over time, this can affect your health. It is important to talk to your doctor if you are going through times of stress, depression or anxiety. Your doctor can refer you to a counsellor or psychologist by providing a diabetes mental health plan.

This is Medicare rebated. Other help is available, including:. Your immune system helps to prevent and fight infection. High blood glucose levels slow down the white blood cells, which help fight infection.

This makes it more difficult for the immune system to do its job. Support your immune system and reduce your risk of infection by:. People with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of thyroid disease. This includes both overactive and underactive thyroid. Thyroid disorders can affect general health and may affect blood glucose levels.

Thyroid function is assessed by a blood test. Talk to your doctor to see if you have had your thyroid function checked. Reduced blood supply and nerve damage can affect sexual function. Erectile dysfunction impotence in men is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance.

This is a common problem for men of all ages and is more common in men with diabetes. Erectile dysfunction is not a disease, but a symptom of some other problem — physical, psychological or a mixture of both.

Most cases of erectile dysfunction are physical, such as nerve or blood vessel damage. In women, sexual dysfunction is also reported, although there is a lack of research in this area. It is difficult to know whether this is directly related to hormonal changes such as menopause, or to diabetes.

It is important to seek help from your doctor, diabetes educator or organisations such as Healthy Male — Andrology Australia External Link.

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The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances.

The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. Home Diabetes. Diabetes - long-term effects. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page.

About diabetes — long-term effects Reducing the long-term effects of diabetes Diabetes and healthy eating Alcohol intake and diabetes Diabetes and healthy weight Regular diabetes screening checks Long-term effects of diabetes Diabetes and cardiovascular disease Eyes and diabetes Kidneys and diabetes Nerves and diabetes Feet and diabetes Skin and diabetes Oral health and diabetes Mental health and diabetes Diabetes and infections Thyroid and diabetes Sexual function and diabetes Where to get help.

About diabetes — long-term effects Diabetes is a condition in which there is too much glucose a type of sugar in the blood. Reducing the long-term effects of diabetes The good news is that you can reduce the risk of the long-term effects of diabetes by keeping blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol levels within recommended range.

Regular check-ups and screening are important to pick up any problems early. Alcohol intake and diabetes Limit alcohol intake. Diabetes and healthy weight If you are overweight, even losing a small amount of weight, especially around the abdomen, helps to lower your blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

Diabetes and exercise Be as active as possible. Smoking and diabetes Smoking is the greatest single lifestyle risk factor for developing diabetes complications. Regular diabetes screening checks You can help pick up problems early by having regular checks of your: blood pressure blood glucose levels including HbA1c cholesterol and triglycerides kidney function eyes feet teeth and gums.

Blood pressure checks Have your blood pressure checked every time you visit your doctor or at least twice a year. Blood glucose checks Keeping your blood glucose levels within the recommended range can help reduce your risk of long-term diabetes-related health problems.

Cholesterol and triglyceride tests Have a cholesterol and triglyceride test at least once a year. Long-term effects of diabetes The most common long-term diabetes-related health problems are: damage to the large blood vessels of the heart, brain and legs macrovascular complications damage to the small blood vessels, causing problems in the eyes, kidneys, feet and nerves microvascular complications.

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease includes blood vessel disease, heart attack and stroke. To reduce your risk and pick up any problems early: Have your blood pressure checked at least every six months, or more often if you have high blood pressure or are taking medication to lower your blood pressure.

Have your HbA1c checked at least every year, or three- to six-monthly if recommended. Have your cholesterol checked at least every year. Further pathology tests such as an electrocardiogram ECG or exercise stress test may also be recommended by your doctor.

Eyes and diabetes Diabetes-related eye problems include: retinopathy — retinopathy is when blood vessels in the retina become damaged which eventually affects your vision. Retinopathy has various stages.

In its early stages, there are usually no symptoms, so having a full diabetes eye check is essential to detect it early. Regular eye checks help detect any changes and allow for early treatment where needed to prevent further damage macular oedema — the macula is part of the retina and helps you to see things clearly.

Swelling of this area can happen when the blood vessels in the retina are damaged, causing fluid to build up. This can lead to the macula being damaged and vision may become blurry. Treatment is available. Early detection is important cataracts — the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and can cause vision to become cloudy, distorted or sensitive to glare.

People with diabetes can develop cataracts at an earlier age than usual glaucoma — the pressure of the fluid within the eye builds up to a higher level than is healthy.

This pressure can damage the eye over time. Glaucoma occurs in people with and without diabetes, but is more common in people with diabetes. Regular eye checks Everyone with diabetes should have a professional eye examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist when they are first diagnosed, and then at least every two years after that children usually start this screening five years after diagnosis or at puberty.

Kidneys and diabetes People with diabetes are at risk of kidney disease nephropathy due to changes in the small blood vessels of the kidneys.

Nerves and diabetes Nerve damage neuropathy is usually caused by high blood glucose levels, although similar nerve damage can also result from: drinking large amounts of alcohol vitamin B12 deficiency — long-term use of the diabetes medication Metformin over three to five years can increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Your doctor may test for this. To help prevent nerve damage: Keep your blood glucose levels in target range.

If you drink alcohol, keep within the recommended guidelines. Don't smoke. Talk to your doctor about any problems you have with your hands, arms, feet, or legs, your stomach, bowels, or bladder.

Feet and diabetes The feet of someone with diabetes are at risk of damage when the blood supply in both large and small blood vessels is reduced. Look after your feet by: seeing a podiatrist at least once a year. They will assess the health of your feet by checking the blood supply and nerve function and looking for changes in the structure of your feet checking your feet every day get someone to help you if you are unable to check them yourself.

Look for cuts, blisters, calluses, corns, tinea especially between the toes and any changes you notice. If treated early and without delay, you can help prevent complications occurring using a moisturiser such as sorbolene , especially if you have areas of dry, rough or cracked skin on your feet and heels — this can help keep your feet healthy protecting your feet by wearing comfortable, supportive shoes that fit well.

Skin and diabetes People with diabetes may experience very dry skin due to damage to the small blood vessels and nerves.

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