Self-care habits for diabetes control -
There are three main types of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common and is a condition that occurs slowly. This is known as insulin resistance. Learn more about diabetes, types, symptoms, and risk factors. Below are some healthy habits that can help you prevent or slow type 2 diabetes.
Maintaining a healthy weight is an important step to preventing diabetes. Aim to lose weight slowly and safely. Check out these three tips for healthy weight loss from our dietitian. Adding more activity helps prevent or manage diabetes in a couple of ways.
First, it helps you keep a healthy weight. As you lose weight, being active will help you keep it off. Secondly, being physically active helps your cells better use the sugar in your blood.
Your body uses energy, or blood sugar, to fuel itself during exercise. Therefore, you use the sugar in the blood more efficiently. The recommended activity goal is minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity , or 30 minutes a day for 5 days a week. Add in exercise slowly and make it fun.
A brisk walk is a great way to start an exercise program. Consider dancing, water aerobics, or other fun ways to get your body moving.
When looking to eat healthy , keep it simple. Aim to eat foods that provide the most nutrition per calorie. These are called nutrient-dense foods. These types of foods are fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, plant proteins, and low or no-fat dairy products.
Many of these items provide your body with essential nutrients it needs to stay healthy. Monitor your portion sizes to help maintain a healthy weight. Consider using the diabetes plate method :. Saturated fats are typically from animal sources, such as butters, fat from meat, cream, or coconut oil.
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Harvard Anita Ramesh. Recommended Reading. Diabetes Prevention. Balancing the diet by eating low glycemic carbohydrates with good protein and good fat is the key. Diabetes is a metabolic disease caused by insulin deficiency that leads to high blood sugar levels and several associated complications if left untreated.
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Knowledge questions were divided into basic and technical sections. Chi square testing and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to examine the relationship between diabetes-related knowledge and self-care practices. Total basic knowledge TBK and business profession were significant independent predictors of good practice.
OR for TBK: 1. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics had similar levels of basic and technical knowledge of DM. Health education and motivation should create positive changes in diabetes-control-related self-care practices.
Peer Review reports. Diabetes mellitus DM is a major disease that is becoming more prevalent, affecting more than million people worldwide. The number of people affected by DM is expected to rise to million by [ 1 ]. Demographic transition, combined with urbanization and industrialization, has resulted in drastic changes in lifestyles globally.
Consequently, lifestyle-related diseases like DM have emerged as major public health problems. Diabetes is characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia resulting from several environmental and genetic etiologies acting jointly [ 2 ]. Until a decade ago, diabetes was not considered a major public health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh, but the situation has now changed dramatically.
According to the International Diabetes Federation IDF report , Bangladesh now leads the world with 8. In Bangladesh, a higher prevalence of diabetes was found in urban 8. Diabetes is a silent disease: many sufferers become aware that they have diabetes only when they develop one of its life-threatening complications [ 5 ].
Knowledge of diabetes mellitus can assist in early detection of the disease and reduce the incidence of complications. Levels of knowledge about diabetes among the at-risk population and among those who suffer from the disease are unknown, but more knowledge is associated with better outcomes.
There have been few studies on knowledge about diabetes among newly diagnosed diabetic patients in developing countries like Bangladesh, but studies such as these are crucial for the appropriate use of limited resources in poor socioeconomic and educational conditions.
The objective of this study was to test the relationship between knowledge and self-care practices among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were selected conveniently in consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 19 healthcare centers.
Patients who had other medical complications or were unable to answer a short list of simple questions sociodemographic information such as name, address, disease complications, etc.
were excluded from the study. A method that has been used in various studies in different countries [ 7 — 9 ] was adapted for this study of knowledge and self-care practices in a Bangladeshi population.
The knowledge and self-care practices of the subjects were assessed via an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and the interview was administered in an outpatient department OPD setting.
A medium-sized—three-part questionnaire was designed by the researcher. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information, family history of diabetes, anthropometric measurements, and clinical and biochemical reports.
Part two consisted of 35 knowledge questions, and part three focused on steps taken to monitor glucose, control calorie and food intake, exercise, practice foot care, and take other actions indicative of patient lifestyle.
The Diabetes Knowledge Test DKT questionnaire, which was validated by the University of Michigan [ 10 ], was modified and used for data collection.
This questionnaire was translated to Bangla by two separate translators who were native speakers of the target language Bangla ; two separate back-translations were done by translators who were native speakers of English.
Knowledge questions were also substantively modified according to the local guidelines of the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh [ 11 ]. The knowledge assessment questionnaire included questions about diabetes, blood testing, hyperglycemia, and general principles of disease care.
A pre-test was conducted before the questionnaire was finalized. During analysis, knowledge questions were divided into basic and technical sections; 13 items were included in the basic part, which consisted of fundamental knowledge of diabetes.
Twenty-two technical knowledge questions involved such concepts as the target age for diabetes testing, the benefits of exercise, hyperglycemia, groupings of foods and their exchange list, ideal body weight, and ketoacidosis.
Each correct response was assigned a score of 1, and each incorrect response was assigned a score of 0. Thus, for 13 items for basic knowledge, the maximum attainable score was 13 and the minimum score was 0. For 22 technical knowledge items, the maximum attainable score was 22 and minimum was 0.
Similarly, for eight practice item such as glucose monitoring, exercise, foot care, smoking, consumption of betel nuts, groupings of foods and their exchange list, the maximum attainable score was 8 and minimum was 0.
Frequencies were calculated for descriptive analysis. Chi-squared tests were performed on categorical data to find the relationships between variables. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the predictors of self-care practices. Socioeconomic classifications in this study were made according to the per capita Gross National Income GNI and according to World Bank WB calculations [ 13 ].
Informed written consent was obtained from all respondents after a full explanation of the nature, purpose, and procedures used for the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics and research review committees of the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh.
Mean age of the respondents was The knowledge distribution of the subjects regarding fundamental components of diabetes management is shown in Figure 1.
The mean basic knowledge score of the respondents was 6 ±3. Regarding technical knowledge, mean score among respondents was 12±4. Approximately one-third of respondents in each knowledge group partially followed the rules for measuring food before eating, a significant relationship. The rest of the respondents from each knowledge group either fully followed or partially followed the advice, a significant relationship.
Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis are presented in Table 3. The mean practice score of the respondents was 3 ± 1. In model 1, total basic knowledge TBK and business profession were significant independent predictors of good practice.
Total technical knowledge TTK also tended as an independent predictor of good practice with an odds ratio of 1. In the second model high income group was negatively associated with average practice, with an odds ratio of 0. TBK and TTK did not play any significant role in this model.
The available scientific knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus is an important resource to guide and educate diabetes patients concerning self-care.
Self-care concepts that can benefit patients include adherence to diet, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, and taking oral medication and insulin. Few studies regarding the relationship between knowledge and self-care practices among newly diagnosed diabetics are available in Bangladesh or elsewhere in the world.
Studies have mostly involved the general population and type 2 diabetes patients who have had the disease for a significant period of time [ 5 , 12 , 14 — 17 ]. This study was undertaken in order to assess the relationships between knowledge and self-care practices among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics attending different healthcare centers in Bangladesh.
A study was conducted on members of the general public in Singapore to evaluate their level of knowledge about diabetes, and the results indicated that the respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge [ 5 ]. However, the relationship was significant. Similar results were found in technical knowledge groups, and the relationship was not significant.
These results revealed that the frequency of blood glucose monitoring increases gradually as the level of knowledge changes.
Mayo Clinic Antibacterial cutting board appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Self-care habits for diabetes control System locations. Diabetes management takes awareness. Know what makes Selr-care blood Sflf-care level rise and fall hahits and how to control these day-to-day factors. When you have diabetes, it's important to keep your blood sugar levels within the range recommended by your healthcare professional. But many things can make your blood sugar levels change, sometimes quickly. Find out some of the factors that can affect blood sugar. Then learn what you can do to manage them.
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