Hypoglycemia complications in athletes -
Especially if a workout is intense, it may cause hypoglycemia to occur whether you have diabetes or not. If you experience frequent or severe exercise-induced hypoglycemia, you may want to talk with your doctor or healthcare team. They can rule out any related medical conditions and offer recommendations to prevent hypoglycemia in the future.
Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Learn more about its symptoms, causes, and treatment. Your blood sugar can also dip too low, a condition known as…. Hormones can impact every body system.
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Can Exercise Cause Hypoglycemia? Medically reviewed by Angela M. What Happens During Exercise? Getting Ready to Exercise All teens — not just those with diabetes — need to get a physical before they play a sport. P Exercise Tips for People With Diabetes These tips can help you avoid diabetes problems during exercise: Test yourself.
Your doctor will tell you when to test your glucose levels — often you'll need to check them before, during, and after exercise. Take the right dose of insulin. Your doctor might recommend adjusting your insulin dosage for exercise or sports. If you inject insulin, you might not want to inject a part of your body used for your sport before exercise like injecting your leg before soccer.
This could cause the insulin to be absorbed too quickly. If you wear an insulin pump, be sure that it won't be in the way for exercise and that it won't get disconnected. Talk to your doctor about what you should do when you want to go without the pump. Eat right. Your diabetes health care team will also help you adjust your meal plan so you have enough energy for exercise.
For example, you might need to eat extra snacks before, during, or after working out. Be sure to maintain the proper diet for your diabetes — don't try strategies like loading up on extra carbs before running or cutting back on food or water to get down to a certain weight for wrestling. These activities can be dangerous for people with diabetes.
Bring snacks and water. Whether you're playing football at the school or swimming in your backyard, keep snacks and water nearby.
Pack it up. If you'll be exercising away from home, pack your testing supplies, medications, medical alert bracelet, emergency contact information, and a copy of your diabetes management plan.
Keep these items in a special bag that you don't have to pack and repack every time you go out. Tell your coaches. Be sure that your coaches know about your diabetes. Exercise has been defined as any form of body movement that results in an increase in metabolic demand.
We usually prescribe aerobic exercise for development of cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic exercise, such as resistance training, for development of muscular fitness and strength. Physical activity recommendations for healthy adults and for patients with type 2 diabetes are quite similar.
It is important to recognize that the metabolic demands of the recommended aerobic activity for healthy adults and for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes are a percentage of the V̇ o 2max and are intended to minimize contributions of the anaerobic energy systems.
These exercise prescriptions are intentionally designed to be moderate in intensity so that individuals can be active for extended periods of time 20—60 minutes to allow for an adequate stimulus to increase or maintain aerobic capacity and to expend sufficient caloric energy to assist with weight control.
Type 2 diabetes is extremely rare in competitive athletes. This discussion will be limited to considering the management of type 1 diabetes in school-aged children and adolescents participating in school and community sport activities, college athletes, and young adults participating in highly competitive amateur and professional sports.
Many of these individuals will be without any significant long-term complications. General benefits of physical activity for those with type 1 diabetes include enhancement of physical fitness, reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, and improved social and emotional well-being. The primary risks of physical activity in type 1 patients who do not have complications are exercise-induced hypoglycemia and aggravation of hyperglycemia and ketosis.
Most competitive sports are not aerobic in terms of the major energy systems involved. Team sports such as football, baseball, softball,basketball, and soccer rely primarily on relatively brief bursts of explosive,high-power output and primarily rely on the adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine ATP-PC energy system for muscular contractions.
These energy stores are extremely limited and can provide maximal power output for only 8—10 seconds. Muscles can continue to contract for longer periods by utilizing anaerobic glycolysis.
This system is only about half as fast as the ATP-PC system but allows activity to continue at fairly high power outputs for an additional 1.
The anaerobic glycolysis energy system can allow an individual to perform all-out exercise for longer than a few seconds, but large amounts of lactic acid accumulate within the contracting muscles and ultimately in the blood. As activity continues much beyond 2 minutes, the intensity of activity must be reduced, muscles must be provided with oxygen,and there is a gradual shift to aerobic metabolism.
Figure 1 describes the relative involvement of energy systems for many competitive sports. The energy demands of training for a particular sport can be quite different depending on the age of the athlete, the level of competition, and the specific metabolic goals of training.
Exercise training for an athlete with diabetes is usually determined by a coach rather than by any member of the health care team.
Health care professionals should attempt to gather information about the specific training practices and be able to provide recommendations for blood glucose monitoring and reasonable adjustments to diet and insulin therapy so that athletes may be able to achieve peak performance in their chosen sport activities.
Motivation to become involved in sport activities typically has little to do with benefits of health. Relative energy system involvement for competitive sports. Adapted from Ref. EF10 One common goal in competitive sports is to improve performance. Unfortunately, athletes may resort to a number of practices that can compromise blood glucose control and health in general in an attempt to gain a competitive advantage.
These may include unsafe dietary patterns, use of nutritional supplements and other ergogenic aids, and the use of illegal drugs.
It is important to be familiar with these practices and to counsel athletes appropriately. The female athlete triad of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis was first identified in and is often found in women's endurance sports that emphasize low body weight, such as distance running, or aesthetic sports,such as gymnastics, figure skating, cheering, and ballet.
Omission of insulin is a common practice for athletes with diabetes who compete in sports having weight categories, such as wrestling, boxing, and weightlifting. Metabolic control is obviously poor during the time that insulin is omitted, and there is always the serious risk of ketoacidosis.
This is a difficult problem because the practice obviously works, and athletes with type 1 diabetes are often willing to take the associated risks. Athletes with or without diabetes require adequate amounts of macronutrients to support their training and sustain performance during competition.
A joint position statement issued by the ACSM, the American Dietetic Association, and the Dietitians of Canada summarized general nutrient requirements for competitive athletes.
It was stated that a specified amount was dependent on the individual's daily total energy expenditure, sport type, sex, and environmental circumstances.
Protein consumption ranging from 1. If total energy intake is adequate to maintain body weight, adequate protein can be obtained solely through the diet, without fortification from protein supplements.
Fat is critically important in athletic diets because it provides energy, fat-soluble vitamins, and essential fatty acids for daily activity and health. Strength and power athletes attempting to increase lean mass should consume sufficient amounts of energy to support muscle growth.
Numeric estimations of energy intake, the authors noted, are somewhat crude in approximating the energy requirements of individual athletes.
However, any athlete must consume enough energy to maintain desirable weight and body composition while training for and competing in specific sports. Though some diets have become popular in weight-loss circles e. Some of these strategies, in fact, promote low or very low consumption of carbohydrates, with the stated intent of producing ketoacidosis, the mobilization of ketone bodies for metabolism.
Ketoacidosis, however, is a serious metabolic disturbance, and its detrimental effects in people with diabetes have been well established.
It is,therefore, recommended that athletes with type 1 diabetes avoid carbohydrate-restricted diets. These recommendations for nutrition were developed for athletes without special consideration for type 1 diabetes.
Strength-trained athletes with diabetes require adequate amounts of protein just like all other individuals engaged in resistance exercise.
While the needs of resistance-trained athletes and individuals engaged in chronic intense exercise are higher than those of sedentary individuals, this need is usually met by eating a balanced diet that is higher in energy intake.
There is evidence that indicates that large amounts of protein i. Athletes often turn to nutritional supplements in the belief that performance will be improved.
Competitive athletes with type 1 diabetes should recognize which products may result in harmful effects as well as those that are likely to be a waste of money.
Some of the popular nutritional supplements include fat burners, thermogenic enhancers, boosters, ephedra, chitin,medium-chain triglycerides, creatine monohydrate, and androstenedione. These supplements and their use in diabetes management have been previously described in detail.
Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone. Though access to anabolic steroids is restricted to specific medical interventions, their use in sports remains widespread in the United States, perhaps involving as many as 3 million athletes.
Available studies have used untrained men taking both pharmacological and suprapharmacological doses of the drug.
Whereas most investigations examining pharmacological administration have shown little if any improvement in body composition or strength, some studies employing suprapharmacological doses have indeed shown beneficial changes in lean mass, strength, and performance.
Anecdotal evidence indicates that suprapharmacological administration of anabolic steroids in competitive athletes definitively improves performance. Reports of adverse side effects associated with anabolic steroid use have been documented and included cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hepatic disease, hormonal dysfunction, abnormal lipoprotein changes increased LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol , and personality disorders.
No evidence, even anecdotal reports, of the effects of anabolic steroid use in athletes with type 1 diabetes is available. However, because of the known systemic disturbances associated with anabolic steroid use, it is clear that athletes with type 1 diabetes should not experiment with this class of drugs.
Competitive sports are generally safe for anyone with type 1 diabetes who is in good metabolic control and without long-term complications. The examination should attempt to identify whether the athlete is at increased risk of orthopedic injuries, back or neck injuries, and dental trauma and should also include visual acuity and hearing screening.
For long-term complications of diabetes, the exam should focus on signs and symptoms of disease affecting the heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, feet, and nervous system.
A formal graded exercise test is usually not necessary but may be helpful if the athlete has one of the following:. Autonomic neuropathy 2.
December 22, 5 min Complicatons 18 Comments. Hypoglycemia complications in athletes, Promote optimal metabolism, sleepy, anxious, dizzy, confused, nervous, sweaty, Hypoglycsmia, or "hangry". Athetes experience Hypoglycemia complications in athletes of these symptoms right after atthletes a workout? These are symptoms of reactive hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar in response to exercise. This is a condition that can occur under certain circumstances shortly after a person who is susceptible exercises. In response to eating carbohydrates our body releases insulin, a hormone that works to drive glucose the main breakdown product of carbohydrates into cells for storage or use. Hypoglycemia complications in athletes HornsbyRobert Complictaions. Chetlin; Optimizing muscle mass of Competitive Athletes With Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 1 Carb counting and portion control ; 18 2 : Hypoglycemia complications in athletes In Brief An Hpyoglycemia management plan for Hypkglycemia athlete with type 1 Mouthwatering Orange Flavor must consider the energy demands of athhletes competition and training,the athlete's goals, factors related to competitive sports that may affect glucose homeostasis, and strategies that may be employed to allow safe,effective sports participation. Athletes should be appropriately screened,counseled to avoid risky behaviors, and provided with specific recommendations for glucose monitoring and insulin and diet adjustments so that they may anticipate and compensate for glucose responses during sports competition. Exercise has been recommended as an important therapeutic tool for most patients with diabetes and for those at risk for diabetes. One area of scientific understanding that remains extremely limited is management of competitive athletes with diabetes.
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