Oral medication for diabetes during pregnancy -
According to a report in the journal Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, a diet that can help most women with gestational diabetes maintain a normal blood glucose level is one in which 33 to 40 percent of calories come from complex carbohydrates , 35 to 40 percent come from fat, and 20 percent come from protein.
Eating regular small meals throughout the day can also help keep your blood glucose level stable. Women with gestational diabetes should get at least 30 minutes of moderate to intense exercise at least five days a week, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
This can include walking briskly, swimming, dancing, low-impact aerobics , or actively playing with children. Potentially dangerous activities — including basketball and soccer which can result in balls hitting the stomach , horseback riding, and downhill skiing — should be avoided.
During the first trimester of your pregnancy, you should also avoid exercises that require you to lie on your back, which could put pressure on certain blood vessels and accidentally limit blood flow to your baby.
Ask your doctor before lifting weights, jogging, or performing other muscle- and bone-strengthening exercises during your pregnancy. As with any form of diabetes, it's important to regularly check your blood glucose level with a glucose monitor.
If you have gestational diabetes, you should check your blood glucose level first thing in the morning, and one to two hours after each meal of the day. If you don't reach these target levels through diet and exercise alone, you may need to take medication to further lower your blood glucose levels.
Insulin injections are the standard medication for gestational diabetes. Your doctor may prescribe a fast-acting insulin that you take before a meal, or an intermediate- or long-acting basal insulin that you take at bedtime or upon waking. As an alternative — or in addition — to insulin, your doctor may prescribe an oral medication, such as Glynase, Diabeta, or Micronase glyburide ; or Glumetza, Glucophage, Fortamet, or Riomet metformin.
You should know that these drugs aren't approved for gestational diabetes by the Food and Drug Administration. That said, glyburide and metformin do appear to be effective and safe for gestational diabetes, according to the report.
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Health Tools. Ultrasound examination is recommended at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation to screen for fetal anomalies. The examination should pay particular attention to the spine and heart because these are the sites of the most common congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers; however, congenital anomalies in other organ systems also occur.
In many cases, the individual is asked to get a specialized ultrasound examination of the fetal heart called a fetal echocardiogram. To monitor amniotic fluid levels — Ultrasound is also used to monitor the amount of amniotic fluid around the fetus; polyhydramnios is an abnormal increase in the amount of amniotic fluid.
Polyhydramnios is more common in individuals with diabetes than in those without diabetes. Polyhydramnios related to diabetes is usually mild and does not cause problems. If the fluid levels become severely elevated, maternal discomfort, uterine contractions, prelabor rupture of the membranes "breaking the water" , and preterm birth can occur.
See "Patient education: Preterm labor Beyond the Basics ". To monitor the baby's growth — Ultrasound is also used to monitor the baby's growth and development throughout the pregnancy, although ultrasound estimates of the baby's weight can be off by 15 percent or more.
Macrosomia is a condition in which a baby weighs much more than average. It is more common in infants of individuals with diabetes and occurs in 15 to 45 percent of these pregnancies.
High fetal insulin levels, which can develop in response to elevated maternal blood glucose levels, are one potential cause of macrosomia since insulin stimulates fetal growth.
Cesarean birth may be needed if labor does not progress normally because of the large size of the baby. In addition, macrosomic babies are at higher risk of being injured during birth and may be delivered by cesarean birth before labor if there is a concern that the baby's shoulders may be difficult to deliver through the mother's pelvis called shoulder dystocia see 'Planning for delivery' below.
Shoulder dystocia occurs in one out of four macrosomic births in individuals with diabetes. Fetal growth restriction refers to a baby that is not as large as expected for its age. Individuals with type 1 diabetes with preexisting microvascular complications or hypertension have a higher risk of growth restriction, compared with those without preexisting vascular disease.
Screening for Down syndrome — Individuals with diabetes do not have a higher risk of having a baby with a chromosomal abnormality, such as Down syndrome, than those without diabetes. The risk of having a baby with Down syndrome primarily depends on the mother's age and whether there is a family history of Down syndrome.
See "Patient education: Should I have a screening test for Down syndrome during pregnancy? Beyond the Basics ". Fetal testing — Close fetal monitoring is recommended during the third trimester, usually starting at 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy. This usually includes weekly to twice weekly nonstress testing.
This is done by monitoring the baby's heart rate with a small device that is placed on the mother's abdomen. The device uses sound waves ultrasound to measure the baby's heart rate over time, usually for 20 to 30 minutes. Normally, the baby's baseline heart rate should be between and beats per minute and should increase above its baseline by at least 15 beats per minute for 15 seconds when the baby moves.
The test is considered reassuring called "reactive" if two or more fetal heart rate increases are seen within a minute period. Further testing may be needed if these increases are not seen after monitoring for 40 minutes. Sometimes ultrasound is used to monitor fetal well-being. This test is called a biophysical profile and uses ultrasound to check the baby's amniotic fluid volume, number of body movements, tone, and duration of breathing-type movements.
Some practitioners use a so-called "modified biophysical profile," consisting of a nonstress test and amniotic fluid assessment. The amniotic fluid assessment is performed by measuring pockets of fluid in four different areas or quadrants of the uterus. PLANNING FOR DELIVERY. An individual and their obstetrician may decide to schedule the date of the birth either an induction of labor or cesarean birth , especially if there are risk factors for an adverse maternal or fetal outcome, such as increased blood glucose levels, nephropathy, worsening retinopathy, high blood pressure or preeclampsia, or if the baby is smaller or larger than normal.
If the fetus appears to be very large based upon ultrasound measurements , the individual and their obstetrician may consider cesarean birth to avoid possible trauma from shoulder dystocia. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ACOG suggests that an individual and their physician consider a planned cesarean birth if the baby's estimated weight by ultrasound measurement is greater than grams 9 lbs, 14 oz.
See "Patient education: C-section cesarean delivery Beyond the Basics ". Waiting for labor to start on its own is reasonable if blood glucose levels are well controlled and the mother and baby are doing well.
However, extending pregnancy beyond the 40 th completed week of gestation is generally not recommended; some practitioners routinely induce labor between 39 weeks plus 0 days and 40 weeks plus 0 days in all individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes. During labor, blood glucose levels are checked frequently and insulin is given, as needed, to maintain good glucose control.
Obstetricians will review the plan for blood glucose monitoring and insulin administration on an individualized basis. The risk of stillbirth for individuals with well-controlled diabetes is very low and is approximately the same as in individuals without diabetes less than 1 percent.
The mortality death rate in infants of diabetic mothers is slightly higher than in those without diabetes 2 versus 1 percent. This is mostly due to a higher rate of serious congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers.
Newborn issues — The infant of the diabetic mother is at risk for several problems in the newborn period, such as low blood glucose levels, jaundice, breathing problems, excessive red blood cells polycythemia , low calcium level, and heart problems. These problems are more common when the mother's blood glucose levels have been high throughout the pregnancy.
Most of these problems resolve within a few hours or days after birth. Infants of diabetic mothers are often evaluated in a special care nursery to monitor for these potential problems. Infants of mothers with diabetes are at higher risk of having difficulties with breathing, especially if the baby is born earlier than 39 weeks.
This is because the lungs appear to develop more slowly in infants of mothers with diabetes. The risk of breathing problems is highest when maternal blood glucose levels have been high near the time of delivery.
Will my child develop diabetes? According to the American Diabetes Association ADA :. Children of a mother with type 1 diabetes have a 1 in 25 risk if, at the time of pregnancy, the mother is less than 25 years of age.
The risk is 1 in risk if the mother is 25 years of age or older. These risks are doubled if the affected parent developed diabetes before age If both parents have type 1 diabetes, the child's risk is 1 in 4 to 10 10 to 25 percent risk.
The risk depends upon environmental and behavioral factors, such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle, as well as the genetic susceptibility.
See "Patient education: Type 1 diabetes: Overview Beyond the Basics " and "Patient education: Type 2 diabetes: Overview Beyond the Basics ". AFTER DELIVERY CARE. Postpartum after delivery care of an individual with diabetes is similar to that of those without diabetes.
However, it is important to pay close attention to blood glucose levels because insulin requirements can fall rapidly in the first few days after delivery; some individuals require little or no insulin.
Insulin requirements usually return to near-prepregnancy levels within 48 hours. Breastfeeding — In all postpartum individuals with and without diabetes , breastfeeding is strongly encouraged because it benefits both the infant and the mother.
Insulin requirements may be lower while breastfeeding, and frequent blood glucose monitoring is important to prevent severe hypoglycemia. See "Patient education: Deciding to breastfeed Beyond the Basics " and "Patient education: Breastfeeding guide Beyond the Basics ".
Contraception — Individuals with diabetes who have no or minimal vascular disease may use any type of contraception, including oral contraceptive pills. Birth control pills do not affect blood glucose levels.
Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem. This article will be updated as needed on our website www.
Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available. Some of the most relevant are listed below. Treatment options can include oral anti-diabetic pharmacological therapies.
To evaluate the effects of oral anti-diabetic pharmacological therapies for treating women with GDM. We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register 14 May , ClinicalTrials. gov , WHO ICTRP 14 May and reference lists of retrieved studies.
We included published and unpublished randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of oral anti-diabetic pharmacological therapies for treating pregnant women with GDM.
Trials using insulin as the comparator were excluded as they are the subject of a separate Cochrane systematic review. Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and trial quality. Two review authors independently extracted data and data were checked for accuracy.
We included 11 studies 19 publications women and their babies. Eight studies had data that could be included in meta-analyses. Studies were conducted in Brazil, India, Israel, UK, South Africa and USA.
The studies varied in diagnostic criteria and treatment targets for glycaemic control for GDM. The overall risk of bias was 'unclear' due to inadequate reporting of methodology.
Using GRADE the quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low quality. Evidence was downgraded for risk of bias reporting bias, lack of blinding , inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision and for oral anti-diabetic therapy versus placebo for generalisability.
There was no evidence of a difference between glibenclamide and placebo groups for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk ratio RR 1. No data were reported for development of type 2 diabetes or other pre-specified GRADE maternal outcomes return to pre-pregnancy weight, postnatal depression.
For the infant, there was no evidence of a difference in the risk of being born large-for-gestational age LGA between infants whose mothers had been treated with glibenclamide and those in the placebo group RR 0. No data were reported for other infant primary or GRADE outcomes perinatal mortality, death or serious morbidity composite, neurosensory disability in later childhood, neonatal hypoglycaemia, adiposity, diabetes.
There was no evidence of a difference between metformin- and glibenclamide-treated groups for the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy RR 0.
For the infant there was no evidence of a difference between the metformin- and glibenclamide-exposed groups for the risk of being born LGA average RR 0.
Metformin was associated with a decrease in a death or serious morbidity composite RR 0. There was no clear difference between groups for neonatal hypoglycaemia RR 0. No data were reported for neurosensory disability in later childhood or for adiposity or diabetes.
There was no evidence of a difference between glibenclamide and acarbose from one study 43 women for any of their maternal or infant primary outcomes caesarean section, RR 0. There was no evidence of a difference between glibenclamide and acarbose for neonatal hypoglycaemia RR 6.
There were no data reported for other pre-specified GRADE or primary maternal outcomes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, development of type 2 diabetes, perineal trauma, return to pre-pregnancy weight, postnatal depression, induction of labour or neonatal outcomes death or serious morbidity composite, adiposity or diabetes.
Fot Disclosures. Please read dkabetes Disclaimer at the Quercetin and weight loss of this Oral medication for diabetes during pregnancy. Many patients can achieve glucose target duirng with nutritional therapy and moderate exercise alone, fod up to 30 percent diabehes require pharmacotherapy [ 1 ]. Even patients with mildly elevated glucose levels who do not meet standard criteria for GDM may have more favorable pregnancy outcomes if treated since the relationship between glucose levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as macrosomia exists continuously across the spectrum of increasing glucose levels [ ]. Glucose management in patients with GDM is reviewed here. Screening, diagnosis, and obstetric management are discussed separately. Contributor Disclosures. Please dring MRI for musculoskeletal conditions Disclaimer at the end of this page. Before mmedication became available pregnqncy MRI for musculoskeletal conditions, individuals Antioxidant supplements for youth diabetes duging were at very high risk of complications of pregnancy. Today, most individuals with diabetes can have a safe pregnancy and birth, similar to that of individuals without diabetes. This improvement is largely due to good blood glucose sugar management, which requires adherence to diet, frequent daily blood glucose monitoring, and frequent insulin adjustment.Video
Diabetes Drugs (Oral Antihyperglycemics \u0026 Insulins)Oral medication for diabetes during pregnancy -
Planning ahead and having your blood sugars under control and blood pressure and cholesterol levels in check is really important. Are medications in pregnancy safe when you have gestational diabetes? Subscribe for the latest blogs.
What can you do The following information may be helpful in planning your pregnancy, but remember to always check with your doctor. Diabetes medications Nearly all oral medications for diabetes must not be taken during pregnancy and be stopped as are not safe for your developing baby.
Explore the 12 week Diabetes Programs. Blood Pressure Medications Many of these are not safe but there are options that are considered suitable in pregnancy so discuss with your doctor and make sure you are on the right type.
Other Medications: There are many other types of medications you may be taking but the important thing to remember is that these may not be safe and can cause harm during pregnancy or when breastfeeding and should not be taken until you have talked with your doctor.
Please see the following articles for more information: Metformin in pregnancy-Is it safe? Pregnancy diet and diabetes - preparing for pregnancy Gestational diabetes and diabetes in pregnancy.
Diabetes and diet in pregnancy How is diabetes treated? J Am Coll Nutr ; Reece EA, Hagay Z, Caseria D, et al. Do fiber-enriched diabetic diets have glucose-lowering effects in pregnancy? Am J Perinatol ; Okesene-Gafa KA, Moore AE, Jordan V, et al.
Probiotic treatment for women with gestational diabetes to improve maternal and infant health and well-being. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; 6:CD American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee.
Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes Diabetes Care ; S Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines, Institute of Medicine US and National Research Council US Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines.
Ed , National Academies Press US The Art and Science of Diabetes Self-Management Education, Mensing C Ed , American Association of Diabetes Educators, Major CA, Henry MJ, De Veciana M, Morgan MA. The effects of carbohydrate restriction in patients with diet-controlled gestational diabetes.
Peterson CM, Jovanovic-Peterson L. Percentage of carbohydrate and glycemic response to breakfast, lunch, and dinner in women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes ; 40 Suppl Viana LV, Gross JL, Azevedo MJ. Dietary intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on maternal and newborn outcomes.
Cheng YW, Chung JH, Kurbisch-Block I, et al. Gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes mellitus: perinatal outcomes. Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA, et al. Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications.
Brown J, Ceysens G, Boulvain M. Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Laird J, McFarland KF. Fasting blood glucose levels and initiation of insulin therapy in gestational diabetes. Endocr Pract ; Weisz B, Shrim A, Homko CJ, et al.
One hour versus two hours postprandial glucose measurement in gestational diabetes: a prospective study.
J Perinatol ; Moses RG, Lucas EM, Knights S. Gestational diabetes mellitus. At what time should the postprandial glucose level be monitored? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol ; Sivan E, Weisz B, Homko CJ, et al. One or two hours postprandial glucose measurements: are they the same?
de Veciana M, Major CA, Morgan MA, et al. Postprandial versus preprandial blood glucose monitoring in women with gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy. Hawkins JS, Casey BM, Lo JY, et al. Weekly compared with daily blood glucose monitoring in women with diet-treated gestational diabetes.
Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan DR, et al. Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care ; 30 Suppl 2:S Mendez-Figueroa H, Schuster M, Maggio L, et al. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Frequency of Blood Glucose Monitoring: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Raman P, Shepherd E, Dowswell T, et al. Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; CD Hofer OJ, Martis R, Alsweiler J, Crowther CA. Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. Obstet Gynecol ; e Hernandez TL, Friedman JE, Van Pelt RE, Barbour LA. Patterns of glycemia in normal pregnancy: should the current therapeutic targets be challenged?
Griffiths RJ, Vinall PS, Stickland MH, Wales JK. Haemoglobin A1c levels in normal and diabetic pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; Jovanovic L, Savas H, Mehta M, et al.
Frequent monitoring of A1C during pregnancy as a treatment tool to guide therapy. Mosca A, Paleari R, Dalfrà MG, et al. Reference intervals for hemoglobin A1c in pregnant women: data from an Italian multicenter study.
Clin Chem ; Lurie S, Mamet Y. Red blood cell survival and kinetics during pregnancy. Bunn HF, Haney DN, Kamin S, et al.
The biosynthesis of human hemoglobin A1c. Slow glycosylation of hemoglobin in vivo. J Clin Invest ; Bergenstal RM, Gal RL, Connor CG, et al. Racial Differences in the Relationship of Glucose Concentrations and Hemoglobin A1c Levels. Ann Intern Med ; Pinto ME, Villena JE. Diabetic ketoacidosis during gestational diabetes.
A case report. Diabetes Res Clin Pract ; e Graham UM, Cooke IE, McCance DR. A case of euglyacemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Obstet Med ; Robinson HL, Barrett HL, Foxcroft K, et al. Prevalence of maternal urinary ketones in pregnancy in overweight and obese women. Stehbens JA, Baker GL, Kitchell M.
Outcome at ages 1, 3, and 5 years of children born to diabetic women. Churchill JA, Berendes HW, Nemore J. Neuropsychological deficits in children of diabetic mothers.
A report from the Collaborative Sdy of Cerebral Palsy. Rizzo T, Metzger BE, Burns WJ, Burns K. Correlations between antepartum maternal metabolism and intelligence of offspring.
Naeye RL, Chez RA. Effects of maternal acetonuria and low pregnancy weight gain on children's psychomotor development. Knopp RH, Magee MS, Raisys V, Benedetti T.
Metabolic effects of hypocaloric diets in management of gestational diabetes. Langer O, Levy J, Brustman L, et al. Glycemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus--how tight is tight enough: small for gestational age versus large for gestational age? Kjos SL, Schaefer-Graf U, Sardesi S, et al.
A randomized controlled trial using glycemic plus fetal ultrasound parameters versus glycemic parameters to determine insulin therapy in gestational diabetes with fasting hyperglycemia. Nicholson WK, Wilson LM, Witkop CT, et al.
Therapeutic management, delivery, and postpartum risk assessment and screening in gestational diabetes. Evid Rep Technol Assess Full Rep ; Harrison RK, Cruz M, Wong A, et al. The timing of initiation of pharmacotherapy for women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Gich I, Corcoy R. Ultrasound-guided compared to conventional treatment in gestational diabetes leads to improved birthweight but more insulin treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand ; Dunne F, Newman C, Alvarez-Iglesias A, et al.
Early Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period. February 25, ; NICE Guideline 3: version 2. Hod M, Kapur A, Sacks DA, et al.
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FIGO Initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care. Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; Suppl 3:S Harper LM, Glover AV, Biggio JR, Tita A. Predicting failure of glyburide therapy in gestational diabetes.
Nicholson W, Bolen S, Witkop CT, et al. Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared with insulin in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Dhulkotia JS, Ola B, Fraser R, Farrell T. Oral hypoglycemic agents vs insulin in management of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Solà I, et al. Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ ; h Brown J, Grzeskowiak L, Williamson K, et al.
Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes. Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE, Ozanne SE. Comparative impact of pharmacological treatments for gestational diabetes on neonatal anthropometry independent of maternal glycaemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS Med ; e Butalia S, Gutierrez L, Lodha A, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes of metformin compared with insulin alone in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med ; Brown J, Martis R, Hughes B, et al. Oral anti-diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes.
Neonatal, infant, and childhood growth following metformin versus insulin treatment for gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sénat MV, Affres H, Letourneau A, et al.
Effect of Glyburide vs Subcutaneous Insulin on Perinatal Complications Among Women With Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ji J, He Z, Yang Z, et al. Comparing the efficacy and safety of insulin detemir versus neutral protamine hagedorn insulin in treatment of diabetes during pregnancy: a randomized, controlled study.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care ; 8. Nachum Z, Ben-Shlomo I, Weiner E, Shalev E. Twice daily versus four times daily insulin dose regimens for diabetes in pregnancy: randomised controlled trial.
BMJ ; Mathiesen ER, Hod M, Ivanisevic M, et al. Maternal efficacy and safety outcomes in a randomized, controlled trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Hod M, McCance DR, Ivanisevic M, et al. Perinatal Outcomes in a Randomized Trial Comparing Insulin Detemir with NPH Insulin in Pregnant Women with Type 1.
Abstract LB. American Diabetes Association. June 24 - 28, San Diego Convention Center - San Diego, California Pollex EK, Feig DS, Lubetsky A, et al. Insulin glargine safety in pregnancy: a transplacental transfer study. Kovo M, Wainstein J, Matas Z, et al. Placental transfer of the insulin analog glargine in the ex vivo perfused placental cotyledon model.
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A cautionary response to SMFM statement: pharmacological treatment of gestational diabetes. Wouldes TA, Battin M, Coat S, et al. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed Landi SN, Radke S, Engel SM, et al. Association of Long-term Child Growth and Developmental Outcomes With Metformin vs Insulin Treatment for Gestational Diabetes.
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Waters TP, Kim SY, Werner E, et al. Should women with gestational diabetes be screened at delivery hospitalization for type 2 diabetes? Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Abner SC, et al. Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Because of this, you'll be offered extra antenatal appointments so your baby can be monitored. The ideal time to give birth if you have gestational diabetes is usually around weeks 38 to If your blood sugar is within normal levels and there are no concerns about your or your baby's health, you may be able to wait for labour to start naturally.
However, you'll usually be offered induction of labour or a caesarean section if you have not given birth by 40 weeks and 6 days.
Earlier delivery may be recommended if there are concerns about your or your baby's health, or if your blood sugar levels have not been well controlled.
You should give birth at a hospital where specially trained health care professionals are available to provide appropriate care for your baby. When you go into hospital to give birth, take your blood sugar testing kit with you, plus any medicines you're taking.
Usually you should keep testing your blood sugar and taking your medicines until you're in established labour or you're told to stop eating before a caesarean section. During labour and delivery, your blood sugar will be monitored and kept under control. You may need to have insulin given to you through a drip, to control your blood sugar levels.
You can usually see, hold and feed your baby soon after you've given birth. It's important to feed your baby as soon as possible after birth within 30 minutes and then at frequent intervals every hours until your baby's blood sugar levels are stable.
Your baby's blood sugar level will be tested starting 2 to 4 hours after birth. If it's low, your baby may need to be temporarily fed through a tube or a drip. If your baby is unwell or needs close monitoring, they may be looked after in a specialist neonatal unit. Any medicines you were taking to control your blood sugar will usually be stopped after you give birth.
You'll usually be advised to keep checking your blood sugar for 1 or 2 days after you give birth. If you're both well, you and your baby will normally be able to go home after 24 hours.
You should have a blood test to check for diabetes 6 to 13 weeks after giving birth. This is because a small number of women with gestational diabetes continue to have raised blood sugar after pregnancy. If the result is normal, you'll usually be advised to have an annual test for diabetes.
This is because you're at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes — a lifelong type of diabetes — if you've had gestational diabetes. This video gives advice about gestational diabetes and Kimberly talks about her pregnancy after being diagnosed.
Page last reviewed: 08 December Next review due: 08 December Home Health A to Z Gestational diabetes Back to Gestational diabetes.
Oal to MRI for musculoskeletal conditions. Globally pregnancyy number of women being diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus Mesication is increasing. GDM is an intolerance Oral medication for diabetes during pregnancy glucose Role of alcohol in heart health to high pregmancy sugars, first recognised during pregnancy and usually resolving after birth. Standard care involves lifestyle advice on diet and exercise. Treatment for some women includes oral anti-diabetic medications, such as metformin and glibenclamide, which are an alternative to, or can be used alongside, insulin to control the blood sugar. This review aimed to investigate benefits of taking oral medication to treat GDM in pregnant women.
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