Although some flavonoids Enhance metabolic endurance flavonoid-rich foods may enhance liverr function in the livver brain, it is not yet clear whether their consumption could lower the risk of cognitive impairments and dementia in humans. Flavonoids and cancer prevention: a review of the evidence. Kinetic analysis and mechanistic aspects of autoxidation of catechins.

Flavonoids and liver detoxification -

Epicatechin plays an important role in lipid metabolism in fatty liver condition and hypercholesterimia Cordero-Herrera et al. It can down-regulate important liver enzymes like SGPT and SGOT, which increases its liver anomalies Shanmugam et al. It is the most abundant phenolic acid in plants that has potent antioxidant ability to freeze the activity of the free radicals like NO, O 2 -.

It exhibits prevailing anticholestatic action against liver cholestasis by inhibiting extracellular matrix related gene expression and also by disruption of the Smad signaling pathways and extracellular signal-regulated kinases Gerin et al. It sometimes activate the AMPK or the MAPK signaling pathway by enhancing lipid metabolism Cheng et al.

Several reports also confirmed the mode of action of ferulic acid is mediated by regulating the expression of several physiological factors viz; PPAR-α, CPT-1α toward lipid oxidation and this action is very important in treating fatty liver diseases Kim et al.

It is a significant flavonoid that can fuel up the expression of diverse endogenous antioxidant enzymes and can quench free radicals formed during the metabolism of xenobiotics in the liver. Further, the capacity of hyperoside to regulate detoxifying enzymes phase II makes it potent as these enzymes are the prerequisite for liver during the initial round of oxidation.

It is reported from genus Epimedium and has been shown to delay the fibronectin and collagen accumulation in renal interstitial tissues and mesengial cells of rat model Algandaby et al. Several published reports confirmed its protective role in inflammation blocking TNF-α and IFN-γ signaling pathway Sinha et al.

Other important protective actions of iccarin comprises of modulating expression of toll-like receptor and inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK Mochizuki et al.

Magnolol from Magnolia officinalis is an important phenolic compound that maintains the oxidative balance during hepatotoxicity in galactosamine-injured mice models.

Magnolin, another phenolics from same plant was reported to have ameliorating activity in lipid build up, insulin resistance and also in hepatic inflammation, when hepatocytes are exposed to free fatty acid in vitro Tian et al.

It exerts beneficial effects on metabolism by suppressing canonical NF-Kβ signaling Caselli et al. Naringenin, a natural flavonoid, possesses antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity Chtourou et al.

Naringenin exhibits very little antioxidant action directly as a scavenger, yet it helps in upregulating of Nrf2 pathways and thus upholds the normal redox of the cell even in clinical conditions where prooxidants and reactive oxygens are formed as a of damage mechanism in hepatocytes, Esmaeili and Alilou, It can control a specialized mammalian homolog, sirtuins SIRT Andrade et al.

Over expression of this homolog helps in treating non-alcoholic related fatty liver disease by regulation lipogenesis. Resveratrol is associated with considerable reduction in various liver enzymes, cytokines, and also transcriptional factors like nuclear factor κB. It alleviates the nuclear factor-κB NF-κB expression following the stimulation of its inhibitor IκBα Zhang et al.

It is another flavone that imparts hepatoprotective activity via different facilitating lipid metabolism by increasing oxidation process. AMPK signaling to bestow its effectiveness by various modules Wang et al.

In silico appraisal presently happens to be a pronounced method of evaluation in various biological research these days.

It has the benefit of low cost, fast execution, and the most constructive face of such study is to diminish the animal usage in various toxicity screening. PASS prediction assay Lagunin et al. Lipinski's Rule of Five Lipinski, is another method that can be applied to all the phenolic compounds to evaluate their drug likeness and pharmacological properties.

Such information is very helpful in accessing the phenolic compounds as potential drug leads that can act as natural therapeutics. Only the compounds satisfying the Lipinski's criteria are further considered for additional computational operations.

Compounds that cleared the Lipinski's barrier were prepared for docking studies by their energy minimization in Marvin Sketch. Receptor-ligand interaction study using the Hex docking tool Macindoe et al. Various amino acids of the target protein interaction with the lead compound are studied with respect to their bond length and bond angle.

Hence, the reported phenolic compounds can thus be studied as good prospective options for their use as medicine that targets various proteins for hepatic treatment.

Reports of phosphorylated flavonoids i. Insilico studies have its implication in various pharmacological studies. From the initial protein, study to gene expression analysis related to any diseases can be carried out by the concept of pharmacogenomics.

Phenolic compounds as hepatoprotective have been reported in the work of Kaveri, , with insilico approach. The work was carried out on a group of newly synthesized acetylated phenolics.

A good number of target proteins of hepatic anomaly have been reported when target fishing was performed Liu et al.

This mode thus supports the traditional uses for hepatic disorders and thus can suggest major bioactive phenolic compounds as contributors to produce ethnopharmacological effect. Natural products and specially plant phenolics have become a promising therapeutic alternative and prospective replacement of conventional marketed drug in practice due to their effectiveness, minimal side effects, and protective properties.

Furthermore, their dietary nature and availability is a bonus, and gives all the more reason to decline those generally available drugs that also cause toxicity to cells. Remarkable phenolics like curcumin and resveratrol are pharmacologically tested chemoprotective agents against treatment of hepatic carcinoma.

Though widely held natural products evaluated until now are generally non-toxic in nature, a few studies on toxicity regarding certain natural products are also highlighted these days.

As a result, appropriate selection of the natural based drug is also obligatory. All the important phenolics with their derivatives, though studied and well reported for, have not yet been fully analyzed for their immense therapeutic usage, as there are not enough studies available regarding them.

Components of such compounds in the diet varies with temperature and cultivation process. Furthermore, variation in the physicochemical properties could result from different modes of production of such plants, including agricultural and environmental factors.

Many pharmacological reports have demonstrated that phenols have a variety of therapeutic effects, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

However, additional studies are required to understand biological functions and compositions of many phenols, such as iccartin and morin, in more detail. Understanding biological function, composition, and therapeutic effects could help prevent adverse effects from long-term administration of phenolic compounds, and develop health promoting properties.

It is envisaged from this presented review that plant based phenolics will not only reduce the risk of hepatopathy, but will also endow a sure substitute that can be used for various hepatotoxicity mediated diseases.

PS prepared the initial draft and graphical representation for figures. AT finalized the manuscript and supervised as a whole. RN worked on the graphical representations and carried out various literature survey studies.

JS worked on gene network modeling and the gene expression study. MC worked on bioinformatics and the phenolic study in hepatic disease. SS and LN provided significant input into the chemistry part of this review, editing, and finalizing the draft.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors are grateful to DBT government of india sponsored institutional biotech hub and bioinformatics infrastructure facility of Assam University.

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The most important flavonoid in milk thistle supplements is silymarin , which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Milk thistle supplements protect new liver cells from alcohol damage as well as damage from other toxic substances. It can also help with symptoms of jaundice. Most nuts are excellent for liver health because of the antioxidative properties they have, but walnuts are one of the best options.

They have a higher level of antioxidant content, including the beneficial polyphenol antioxidants and glutathione, as well as a high level of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Walnuts help reduce the amount of fat in the liver. Because walnuts contain an antioxidant called arginine , they help the liver get rid of ammonia.

Vitamin E is another important nutrient walnuts have that contributes to liver health. It aids in the diminishing of symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by preventing cell death.

Garlic supplements contain compounds that stimulate liver enzymes, assisting the liver in the removal of toxins.

It contains allicin, alliin, and ajoene, all of which help support liver health. For people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, garlic supplements make it easier to lower cholesterol levels.

Some studies also show that consuming garlic helps decrease your chances of developing liver cancer. By making adjustments to your diet, you have the chance to improve the way your liver functions. You can assist it in getting rid of toxins by consuming grapefruit juice and olive oil and reducing the kind of oxidative stress that leads to serious damage by turning to walnuts.

With garlic and milk thistle supplements, you can reduce the chances of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At Orlando Clinical Research Center, we offer the chance to develop and participate in the kind of studies that have led to knowing how to improve your liver and overall health.

Flavonoids are Flavonoida large family of over Flavonoids and liver detoxification, hydroxylated polyphenolic detoxificaiton that carry out important Flavknoids in plants, including attracting pollinating insects; combating environmental stresses, such as microbial infection; and regulating cell growth 1. Their bioavailability and biological activities Enhance metabolic endurance humans detoxificatiln to be strongly influenced Athlete meal planning their chemical nature. Dteoxification the s, there has been a growing interest in dietary flavonoids due to their likely contribution to the health benefits of fruit- and vegetable-rich diets. This article reviews some of the scientific evidence regarding the role of dietary flavonoids in health promotion and disease prevention in humans; it is not meant to be a comprehensive review on every health topic studied. Flavonoids are classified into 12 major subclasses based on chemical structures, six of which, namely anthocyanidins, flavanols, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and isoflavones Table 1 and Figures are of dietary significance. Glycosylated flavonols bound to at least one sugar molecule are the most widely distributed flavonoids in the diet 2, 3.